restic/doc/075_scripting.rst

..
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  determined from the succession of headings. However, this convention is used in Python’s
  Style Guide for documenting which you may follow:

  # with overline, for parts
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#########################
Scripting
#########################

This is a list of how certain tasks may be accomplished when you use
restic via scripts.

Check if a repository is already initialized
********************************************

You may find a need to check if a repository is already initialized,
perhaps to prevent your script from trying to initialize a repository multiple
times (the ``init`` command contains a check to prevent overwriting existing
repositories). The command ``cat config`` may be used for this purpose:

.. code-block:: console

    $ restic -r /srv/restic-repo cat config
    Fatal: repository does not exist: unable to open config file: stat /srv/restic-repo/config: no such file or directory
    Is there a repository at the following location?
    /srv/restic-repo

If a repository does not exist, restic (since 0.17.0) will return exit code ``10``
and print a corresponding error message. Older versions return exit code ``1``.
Note that restic will also return exit code ``1`` if a different error is encountered
(e.g.: incorrect password to ``cat config``) and it may print a different error message.
If there are no errors, restic will return a zero exit code and print the repository
metadata.

Exit codes
**********

Restic commands return an exit code that signals whether the command was successful.
The following table provides a general description, see the help of each command for
a more specific description.

.. warning::
    New exit codes will be added over time. If an unknown exit code is returned, then it
    MUST be treated as a command failure.

+-----+----------------------------------------------------+
| 0   | Command was successful                             |
+-----+----------------------------------------------------+
| 1   | Command failed, see command help for more details  |
+-----+----------------------------------------------------+
| 2   | Go runtime error                                   |
+-----+----------------------------------------------------+
| 3   | ``backup`` command could not read some source data |
+-----+----------------------------------------------------+
| 10  | Repository does not exist (since restic 0.17.0)    |
+-----+----------------------------------------------------+
| 11  | Failed to lock repository (since restic 0.17.0)    |
+-----+----------------------------------------------------+
| 130 | Restic was interrupted using SIGINT or SIGSTOP     |
+-----+----------------------------------------------------+

JSON output
***********

Restic outputs JSON data to ``stdout`` if requested with the ``--json`` flag.
The structure of that data varies depending on the circumstance.  The
JSON output of most restic commands are documented here.

.. note::
    Not all commands support JSON output.  If a command does not support JSON output,
    feel free to submit a pull request!

.. warning::
    We try to keep the JSON output backwards compatible. However, new message types
    or fields may be added at any time. Similarly, enum-like fields for which a fixed
    list of allowed values is documented may be extended at any time.


Output formats
--------------

Currently only the output on ``stdout`` is JSON formatted. Errors printed on ``stderr``
are still printed as plain text messages. The generated JSON output uses one of the
following two formats.

Single JSON document
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Several commands output a single JSON document that can be parsed in its entirety.
Depending on the command, the output consists of either a single or multiple lines.

JSON lines
^^^^^^^^^^

Several commands, in particular long running ones or those that generate a large output,
use a format also known as JSON lines. It consists of a stream of new-line separated JSON
messages. You can determine the nature of the message using the ``message_type`` field.

backup
------

The ``backup`` command uses the JSON lines format with the following message types.

Status
^^^^^^

+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
|``message_type``      | Always "status"                                            |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
|``seconds_elapsed``   | Time since backup started                                  |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
|``seconds_remaining`` | Estimated time remaining                                   |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
|``percent_done``      | Percentage of data backed up (bytes_done/total_bytes)      |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
|``total_files``       | Total number of files detected                             |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
|``files_done``        | Files completed (backed up to repo)                        |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
|``total_bytes``       | Total number of bytes in backup set                        |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
|``bytes_done``        | Number of bytes completed (backed up to repo)              |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
|``error_count``       | Number of errors                                           |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
|``current_files``     | List of files currently being backed up                    |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+

Error
^^^^^

+----------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| ``message_type``     | Always "error"                            |
+----------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| ``error.message``    | Error message                             |
+----------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| ``during``           | What restic was trying to do              |
+----------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| ``item``             | Usually, the path of the problematic file |
+----------------------+-------------------------------------------+

Verbose Status
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Verbose status provides details about the progress, including details about backed up files.

+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| ``message_type``     | Always "verbose_status"                                   |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| ``action``           | Either "new", "unchanged", "modified" or "scan_finished"  |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| ``item``             | The item in question                                      |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| ``duration``         | How long it took, in seconds                              |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| ``data_size``        | How big the item is                                       |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| ``metadata_size``    | How big the metadata is                                   |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| ``total_files``      | Total number of files                                     |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

Summary
^^^^^^^

Summary is the last output line in a successful backup.

+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ``message_type``          | Always "summary"                                        |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ``files_new``             | Number of new files                                     |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ``files_changed``         | Number of files that changed                            |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ``files_unmodified``      | Number of files that did not change                     |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ``dirs_new``              | Number of new directories                               |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ``dirs_changed``          | Number of directories that changed                      |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ``dirs_unmodified``       | Number of directories that did not change               |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ``data_blobs``            | Number of data blobs                                    |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ``tree_blobs``            | Number of tree blobs                                    |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ``data_added``            | Amount of (uncompressed) data added, in bytes           |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ``data_added_packed``     | Amount of data added (after compression), in bytes      |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ``total_files_processed`` | Total number of files processed                         |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ``total_bytes_processed`` | Total number of bytes processed                         |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ``total_duration``        | Total time it took for the operation to complete        |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ``snapshot_id``           | ID of the new snapshot. Field is omitted if snapshot    |
|                           | creation was skipped                                    |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+


cat
---

The ``cat`` command returns data about various objects in the repository, which
are stored in JSON form. Specifying ``--json``  or ``--quiet`` will suppress any
non-JSON messages the command generates.


diff
----

The ``diff`` command uses the JSON lines format with the following message types.

change
^^^^^^

+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| ``message_type`` | Always "change"                                              |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| ``path``         | Path that has changed                                        |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| ``modifier``     | Type of change, a concatenation of the following characters: |
|                  | "+" = added, "-" = removed, "T" = entry type changed,        |
|                  | "M" = file content changed, "U" = metadata changed,          |
|                  | "?" = bitrot detected                                        |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+

statistics
^^^^^^^^^^

+---------------------+----------------------------+
| ``message_type``    | Always "statistics"        |
+---------------------+----------------------------+
| ``source_snapshot`` | ID of first snapshot       |
+---------------------+----------------------------+
| ``target_snapshot`` | ID of second snapshot      |
+---------------------+----------------------------+
| ``changed_files``   | Number of changed files    |
+---------------------+----------------------------+
| ``added``           | DiffStat object, see below |
+---------------------+----------------------------+
| ``removed``         | DiffStat object, see below |
+---------------------+----------------------------+

DiffStat object

+----------------+-------------------------------------------+
| ``files``      | Number of changed files                   |
+----------------+-------------------------------------------+
| ``dirs``       | Number of changed directories             |
+----------------+-------------------------------------------+
| ``others``     | Number of changed other directory entries |
+----------------+-------------------------------------------+
| ``data_blobs`` | Number of data blobs                      |
+----------------+-------------------------------------------+
| ``tree_blobs`` | Number of tree blobs                      |
+----------------+-------------------------------------------+
| ``bytes``      | Number of bytes                           |
+----------------+-------------------------------------------+


find
----

The ``find`` command outputs a single JSON document containing an array of JSON
objects with matches for your search term.  These matches are organized by snapshot.

If the ``--blob`` or ``--tree`` option is passed, then the output is an array of
Blob objects.


+-----------------+----------------------------------------------+
| ``hits``        | Number of matches in the snapshot            |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------+
| ``snapshot``    | ID of the snapshot                           |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------+
| ``matches``     | Array of Match objects detailing a match     |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------+

Match object

+-----------------+----------------------------------------------+
| ``path``        | Object path                                  |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------+
| ``permissions`` | UNIX permissions                             |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------+
| ``type``        | Object type e.g. file, dir, etc...           |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------+
| ``atime``       | Access time                                  |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------+
| ``mtime``       | Modification time                            |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------+
| ``ctime``       | Change time                                  |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------+
| ``name``        | Object name                                  |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------+
| ``user``        | Name of owner                                |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------+
| ``group``       | Name of group                                |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------+
| ``inode``       | Inode number                                 |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------+
| ``mode``        | UNIX file mode, shorthand of ``permissions`` |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------+
| ``device_id``   | OS specific device identifier                |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------+
| ``links``       | Number of hardlinks                          |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------+
| ``uid``         | ID of owner                                  |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------+
| ``gid``         | ID of group                                  |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------+
| ``size``        | Size of object in bytes                      |
+-----------------+----------------------------------------------+

Blob object

+-----------------+--------------------------------------------+
| ``object_type`` | Either "blob" or "tree"                    |
+-----------------+--------------------------------------------+
| ``id``          | ID of found blob                           |
+-----------------+--------------------------------------------+
| ``path``        | Path in snapshot                           |
+-----------------+--------------------------------------------+
| ``parent_tree`` | Parent tree blob, only set for type "blob" |
+-----------------+--------------------------------------------+
| ``snapshot``    | Snapshot ID                                |
+-----------------+--------------------------------------------+
| ``time``        | Snapshot timestamp                         |
+-----------------+--------------------------------------------+


forget
------

The ``forget`` command prints a single JSON document containing an array of
ForgetGroups. If specific snapshot IDs are specified, then no output is generated.

The ``prune`` command does not yet support JSON such that ``forget --prune``
results in a mix of JSON and text output.

ForgetGroup
^^^^^^^^^^^

+-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| ``tags``    | Tags identifying the snapshot group                       |
+-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| ``host``    | Host identifying the snapshot group                       |
+-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| ``paths``   | Paths identifying the snapshot group                      |
+-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| ``keep``    | Array of Snapshot objects that are kept                   |
+-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| ``remove``  | Array of Snapshot objects that were removed               |
+-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| ``reasons`` | Array of Reason objects describing why a snapshot is kept |
+-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

Snapshot object

+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``time``            | Timestamp of when the backup was started         |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``parent``          | ID of the parent snapshot                        |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``tree``            | ID of the root tree blob                         |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``paths``           | List of paths included in the backup             |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``hostname``        | Hostname of the backed up machine                |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``username``        | Username the backup command was run as           |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``uid``             | ID of owner                                      |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``gid``             | ID of group                                      |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``excludes``        | List of paths and globs excluded from the backup |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``tags``            | List of tags for the snapshot in question        |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``program_version`` | restic version used to create snapshot           |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``id``              | Snapshot ID                                      |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``short_id``        | Snapshot ID, short form                          |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------+

Reason object

+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| ``snapshot``   | Snapshot object, including ``id`` and ``short_id`` fields |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| ``matches``    | Array containing descriptions of the matching criteria    |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| ``counters``   | Object containing counters used by the policies           |
+----------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+


init
----

The ``init`` command uses the JSON lines format, but only outputs a single message.

+------------------+--------------------------------+
| ``message_type`` | Always "initialized"           |
+------------------+--------------------------------+
| ``id``           | ID of the created repository   |
+------------------+--------------------------------+
| ``repository``   | URL of the repository          |
+------------------+--------------------------------+


key list
--------

The ``key list`` command returns an array of objects with the following structure.

+--------------+------------------------------------+
| ``current``  | Is currently used key?             |
+--------------+------------------------------------+
| ``id``       | Unique key ID                      |
+--------------+------------------------------------+
| ``userName`` | User who created it                |
+--------------+------------------------------------+
| ``hostName`` | Name of machine it was created on  |
+--------------+------------------------------------+
| ``created``  | Timestamp when it was created      |
+--------------+------------------------------------+


.. _ls json:

ls
--

The ``ls`` command uses the JSON lines format with the following message types.
As an exception, the ``struct_type`` field is used to determine the message type.

snapshot
^^^^^^^^

+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``message_type`` | Always "snapshot"                                |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``struct_type``  | Always "snapshot" (deprecated)                   |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``time``         | Timestamp of when the backup was started         |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``parent``       | ID of the parent snapshot                        |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``tree``         | ID of the root tree blob                         |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``paths``        | List of paths included in the backup             |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``hostname``     | Hostname of the backed up machine                |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``username``     | Username the backup command was run as           |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``uid``          | ID of owner                                      |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``gid``          | ID of group                                      |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``excludes``     | List of paths and globs excluded from the backup |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``tags``         | List of tags for the snapshot in question        |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``id``           | Snapshot ID                                      |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``short_id``     | Snapshot ID, short form                          |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------+


node
^^^^

+------------------+----------------------------+
| ``message_type`` | Always "node"              |
+------------------+----------------------------+
| ``struct_type``  | Always "node" (deprecated) |
+------------------+----------------------------+
| ``name``         | Node name                  |
+------------------+----------------------------+
| ``type``         | Node type                  |
+------------------+----------------------------+
| ``path``         | Node path                  |
+------------------+----------------------------+
| ``uid``          | UID of node                |
+------------------+----------------------------+
| ``gid``          | GID of node                |
+------------------+----------------------------+
| ``size``         | Size in bytes              |
+------------------+----------------------------+
| ``mode``         | Node mode                  |
+------------------+----------------------------+
| ``atime``        | Node access time           |
+------------------+----------------------------+
| ``mtime``        | Node modification time     |
+------------------+----------------------------+
| ``ctime``        | Node creation time         |
+------------------+----------------------------+
| ``inode``        | Inode number of node       |
+------------------+----------------------------+


restore
-------

The ``restore`` command uses the JSON lines format with the following message types.

Status
^^^^^^

+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
|``message_type``      | Always "status"                                            |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
|``seconds_elapsed``   | Time since restore started                                 |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
|``percent_done``      | Percentage of data restored (bytes_restored/total_bytes)   |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
|``total_files``       | Total number of files detected                             |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
|``files_restored``    | Files restored                                             |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
|``files_skipped``     | Files skipped due to overwrite setting                     |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
|``total_bytes``       | Total number of bytes in restore set                       |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
|``bytes_restored``    | Number of bytes restored                                   |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
|``bytes_skipped``     | Total size of skipped files                                |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+

Error
^^^^^

+----------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| ``message_type``     | Always "error"                            |
+----------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| ``error.message``    | Error message                             |
+----------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| ``during``           | Always "restore"                          |
+----------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| ``item``             | Usually, the path of the problematic file |
+----------------------+-------------------------------------------+

Verbose Status
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Verbose status provides details about the progress, including details about restored files.
Only printed if `--verbose=2` is specified.

+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| ``message_type``     | Always "verbose_status"                                   |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| ``action``           | Either "restored", "updated", "unchanged" or "deleted"    |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| ``item``             | The item in question                                      |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| ``size``             | Size of the item in bytes                                 |
+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

Summary
^^^^^^^

+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
|``message_type``      | Always "summary"                                           |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
|``seconds_elapsed``   | Time since restore started                                 |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
|``total_files``       | Total number of files detected                             |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
|``files_restored``    | Files restored                                             |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
|``files_skipped``     | Files skipped due to overwrite setting                     |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
|``total_bytes``       | Total number of bytes in restore set                       |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
|``bytes_restored``    | Number of bytes restored                                   |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
|``bytes_skipped``     | Total size of skipped files                                |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+


snapshots
---------

The snapshots command returns a single JSON object, an array with objects of the structure outlined below.

+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``time``            | Timestamp of when the backup was started         |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``parent``          | ID of the parent snapshot                        |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``tree``            | ID of the root tree blob                         |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``paths``           | List of paths included in the backup             |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``hostname``        | Hostname of the backed up machine                |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``username``        | Username the backup command was run as           |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``uid``             | ID of owner                                      |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``gid``             | ID of group                                      |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``excludes``        | List of paths and globs excluded from the backup |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``tags``            | List of tags for the snapshot in question        |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``program_version`` | restic version used to create snapshot           |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``summary``         | Snapshot statistics, see "Summary object"        |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``id``              | Snapshot ID                                      |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ``short_id``        | Snapshot ID, short form                          |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------------+

Summary object

The contained statistics reflect the information at the point in time when the snapshot
was created.

+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ``backup_start``          | Time at which the backup was started                    |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ``backup_end``            | Time at which the backup was completed                  |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ``files_new``             | Number of new files                                     |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ``files_changed``         | Number of files that changed                            |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ``files_unmodified``      | Number of files that did not change                     |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ``dirs_new``              | Number of new directories                               |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ``dirs_changed``          | Number of directories that changed                      |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ``dirs_unmodified``       | Number of directories that did not change               |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ``data_blobs``            | Number of data blobs                                    |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ``tree_blobs``            | Number of tree blobs                                    |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ``data_added``            | Amount of (uncompressed) data added, in bytes           |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ``data_added_packed``     | Amount of data added (after compression), in bytes      |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ``total_files_processed`` | Total number of files processed                         |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ``total_bytes_processed`` | Total number of bytes processed                         |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+


stats
-----

The stats command returns a single JSON object.

+------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| ``total_size``               | Repository size in bytes                            |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| ``total_file_count``         | Number of files backed up in the repository         |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| ``total_blob_count``         | Number of blobs in the repository                   |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| ``snapshots_count``          | Number of processed snapshots                       |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| ``total_uncompressed_size``  | Repository size in bytes if blobs were uncompressed |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| ``compression_ratio``        | Factor by which the already compressed data         |
|                              | has shrunk due to compression                       |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| ``compression_progress``     | Percentage of already compressed data               |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| ``compression_space_saving`` | Overall space saving due to compression             |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+


version
-------

The version command returns a single JSON object.

+----------------+--------------------+
| ``version``    | restic version     |
+----------------+--------------------+
| ``go_version`` | Go compile version |
+----------------+--------------------+
| ``go_os``      | Go OS              |
+----------------+--------------------+
| ``go_arch``    | Go architecture    |
+----------------+--------------------+