diff --git a/cmd/restic/cmd_backup_integration_test.go b/cmd/restic/cmd_backup_integration_test.go
index 0bc4a9eaa..75de1341c 100644
--- a/cmd/restic/cmd_backup_integration_test.go
+++ b/cmd/restic/cmd_backup_integration_test.go
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"runtime"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/restic/restic/internal/backend"
 	"github.com/restic/restic/internal/fs"
 	"github.com/restic/restic/internal/restic"
 	rtest "github.com/restic/restic/internal/test"
@@ -250,29 +249,18 @@ func TestBackupTreeLoadError(t *testing.T) {
 	opts := BackupOptions{}
 	// Backup a subdirectory first, such that we can remove the tree pack for the subdirectory
 	testRunBackup(t, env.testdata, []string{"test"}, opts, env.gopts)
-
-	r, err := OpenRepository(context.TODO(), env.gopts)
-	rtest.OK(t, err)
-	rtest.OK(t, r.LoadIndex(context.TODO(), nil))
-	treePacks := restic.NewIDSet()
-	r.Index().Each(context.TODO(), func(pb restic.PackedBlob) {
-		if pb.Type == restic.TreeBlob {
-			treePacks.Insert(pb.PackID)
-		}
-	})
+	treePacks := listTreePacks(env.gopts, t)
 
 	testRunBackup(t, filepath.Dir(env.testdata), []string{filepath.Base(env.testdata)}, opts, env.gopts)
 	testRunCheck(t, env.gopts)
 
 	// delete the subdirectory pack first
-	for id := range treePacks {
-		rtest.OK(t, r.Backend().Remove(context.TODO(), backend.Handle{Type: restic.PackFile, Name: id.String()}))
-	}
+	removePacks(env.gopts, t, treePacks)
 	testRunRebuildIndex(t, env.gopts)
 	// now the repo is missing the tree blob in the index; check should report this
 	testRunCheckMustFail(t, env.gopts)
 	// second backup should report an error but "heal" this situation
-	err = testRunBackupAssumeFailure(t, filepath.Dir(env.testdata), []string{filepath.Base(env.testdata)}, opts, env.gopts)
+	err := testRunBackupAssumeFailure(t, filepath.Dir(env.testdata), []string{filepath.Base(env.testdata)}, opts, env.gopts)
 	rtest.Assert(t, err != nil, "backup should have reported an error for the subdirectory")
 	testRunCheck(t, env.gopts)
 
diff --git a/cmd/restic/cmd_mount_integration_test.go b/cmd/restic/cmd_mount_integration_test.go
index d2025a395..590e15030 100644
--- a/cmd/restic/cmd_mount_integration_test.go
+++ b/cmd/restic/cmd_mount_integration_test.go
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/restic/restic/internal/repository"
 	"github.com/restic/restic/internal/restic"
 	rtest "github.com/restic/restic/internal/test"
 )
@@ -86,12 +85,12 @@ func listSnapshots(t testing.TB, dir string) []string {
 	return names
 }
 
-func checkSnapshots(t testing.TB, global GlobalOptions, repo *repository.Repository, mountpoint, repodir string, snapshotIDs restic.IDs, expectedSnapshotsInFuseDir int) {
+func checkSnapshots(t testing.TB, gopts GlobalOptions, mountpoint string, snapshotIDs restic.IDs, expectedSnapshotsInFuseDir int) {
 	t.Logf("checking for %d snapshots: %v", len(snapshotIDs), snapshotIDs)
 
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
 	wg.Add(1)
-	go testRunMount(t, global, mountpoint, &wg)
+	go testRunMount(t, gopts, mountpoint, &wg)
 	waitForMount(t, mountpoint)
 	defer wg.Wait()
 	defer testRunUmount(t, mountpoint)
@@ -100,7 +99,7 @@ func checkSnapshots(t testing.TB, global GlobalOptions, repo *repository.Reposit
 		t.Fatal(`virtual directory "snapshots" doesn't exist`)
 	}
 
-	ids := listSnapshots(t, repodir)
+	ids := listSnapshots(t, gopts.Repo)
 	t.Logf("found %v snapshots in repo: %v", len(ids), ids)
 
 	namesInSnapshots := listSnapshots(t, mountpoint)
@@ -124,6 +123,10 @@ func checkSnapshots(t testing.TB, global GlobalOptions, repo *repository.Reposit
 		}
 	}
 
+	_, repo, unlock, err := openWithReadLock(context.TODO(), gopts, false)
+	rtest.OK(t, err)
+	defer unlock()
+
 	for _, id := range snapshotIDs {
 		snapshot, err := restic.LoadSnapshot(context.TODO(), repo, id)
 		rtest.OK(t, err)
@@ -166,10 +169,7 @@ func TestMount(t *testing.T) {
 
 	testRunInit(t, env.gopts)
 
-	repo, err := OpenRepository(context.TODO(), env.gopts)
-	rtest.OK(t, err)
-
-	checkSnapshots(t, env.gopts, repo, env.mountpoint, env.repo, []restic.ID{}, 0)
+	checkSnapshots(t, env.gopts, env.mountpoint, []restic.ID{}, 0)
 
 	rtest.SetupTarTestFixture(t, env.testdata, filepath.Join("testdata", "backup-data.tar.gz"))
 
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ func TestMount(t *testing.T) {
 	rtest.Assert(t, len(snapshotIDs) == 1,
 		"expected one snapshot, got %v", snapshotIDs)
 
-	checkSnapshots(t, env.gopts, repo, env.mountpoint, env.repo, snapshotIDs, 2)
+	checkSnapshots(t, env.gopts, env.mountpoint, snapshotIDs, 2)
 
 	// second backup, implicit incremental
 	testRunBackup(t, "", []string{env.testdata}, BackupOptions{}, env.gopts)
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ func TestMount(t *testing.T) {
 	rtest.Assert(t, len(snapshotIDs) == 2,
 		"expected two snapshots, got %v", snapshotIDs)
 
-	checkSnapshots(t, env.gopts, repo, env.mountpoint, env.repo, snapshotIDs, 3)
+	checkSnapshots(t, env.gopts, env.mountpoint, snapshotIDs, 3)
 
 	// third backup, explicit incremental
 	bopts := BackupOptions{Parent: snapshotIDs[0].String()}
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ func TestMount(t *testing.T) {
 	rtest.Assert(t, len(snapshotIDs) == 3,
 		"expected three snapshots, got %v", snapshotIDs)
 
-	checkSnapshots(t, env.gopts, repo, env.mountpoint, env.repo, snapshotIDs, 4)
+	checkSnapshots(t, env.gopts, env.mountpoint, snapshotIDs, 4)
 }
 
 func TestMountSameTimestamps(t *testing.T) {
@@ -211,14 +211,11 @@ func TestMountSameTimestamps(t *testing.T) {
 
 	rtest.SetupTarTestFixture(t, env.base, filepath.Join("testdata", "repo-same-timestamps.tar.gz"))
 
-	repo, err := OpenRepository(context.TODO(), env.gopts)
-	rtest.OK(t, err)
-
 	ids := []restic.ID{
 		restic.TestParseID("280303689e5027328889a06d718b729e96a1ce6ae9ef8290bff550459ae611ee"),
 		restic.TestParseID("75ad6cdc0868e082f2596d5ab8705e9f7d87316f5bf5690385eeff8dbe49d9f5"),
 		restic.TestParseID("5fd0d8b2ef0fa5d23e58f1e460188abb0f525c0f0c4af8365a1280c807a80a1b"),
 	}
 
-	checkSnapshots(t, env.gopts, repo, env.mountpoint, env.repo, ids, 4)
+	checkSnapshots(t, env.gopts, env.mountpoint, ids, 4)
 }
diff --git a/cmd/restic/cmd_rewrite_integration_test.go b/cmd/restic/cmd_rewrite_integration_test.go
index 532855f57..71d6a60a5 100644
--- a/cmd/restic/cmd_rewrite_integration_test.go
+++ b/cmd/restic/cmd_rewrite_integration_test.go
@@ -78,8 +78,11 @@ func testRewriteMetadata(t *testing.T, metadata snapshotMetadataArgs) {
 	createBasicRewriteRepo(t, env)
 	testRunRewriteExclude(t, env.gopts, []string{}, true, metadata)
 
-	repo, _ := OpenRepository(context.TODO(), env.gopts)
-	snapshots, err := restic.TestLoadAllSnapshots(context.TODO(), repo, nil)
+	ctx, repo, unlock, err := openWithReadLock(context.TODO(), env.gopts, false)
+	rtest.OK(t, err)
+	defer unlock()
+
+	snapshots, err := restic.TestLoadAllSnapshots(ctx, repo, nil)
 	rtest.OK(t, err)
 	rtest.Assert(t, len(snapshots) == 1, "expected one snapshot, got %v", len(snapshots))
 	newSnapshot := snapshots[0]
diff --git a/cmd/restic/integration_helpers_test.go b/cmd/restic/integration_helpers_test.go
index 184609d40..c87e1071e 100644
--- a/cmd/restic/integration_helpers_test.go
+++ b/cmd/restic/integration_helpers_test.go
@@ -232,47 +232,66 @@ func testSetupBackupData(t testing.TB, env *testEnvironment) string {
 }
 
 func listPacks(gopts GlobalOptions, t *testing.T) restic.IDSet {
-	r, err := OpenRepository(context.TODO(), gopts)
+	ctx, r, unlock, err := openWithReadLock(context.TODO(), gopts, false)
 	rtest.OK(t, err)
+	defer unlock()
 
 	packs := restic.NewIDSet()
 
-	rtest.OK(t, r.List(context.TODO(), restic.PackFile, func(id restic.ID, size int64) error {
+	rtest.OK(t, r.List(ctx, restic.PackFile, func(id restic.ID, size int64) error {
 		packs.Insert(id)
 		return nil
 	}))
 	return packs
 }
 
-func removePacks(gopts GlobalOptions, t testing.TB, remove restic.IDSet) {
-	r, err := OpenRepository(context.TODO(), gopts)
+func listTreePacks(gopts GlobalOptions, t *testing.T) restic.IDSet {
+	ctx, r, unlock, err := openWithReadLock(context.TODO(), gopts, false)
 	rtest.OK(t, err)
+	defer unlock()
+
+	rtest.OK(t, r.LoadIndex(ctx, nil))
+	treePacks := restic.NewIDSet()
+	r.Index().Each(ctx, func(pb restic.PackedBlob) {
+		if pb.Type == restic.TreeBlob {
+			treePacks.Insert(pb.PackID)
+		}
+	})
+
+	return treePacks
+}
+
+func removePacks(gopts GlobalOptions, t testing.TB, remove restic.IDSet) {
+	ctx, r, unlock, err := openWithExclusiveLock(context.TODO(), gopts, false)
+	rtest.OK(t, err)
+	defer unlock()
 
 	for id := range remove {
-		rtest.OK(t, r.Backend().Remove(context.TODO(), backend.Handle{Type: restic.PackFile, Name: id.String()}))
+		rtest.OK(t, r.Backend().Remove(ctx, backend.Handle{Type: restic.PackFile, Name: id.String()}))
 	}
 }
 
 func removePacksExcept(gopts GlobalOptions, t testing.TB, keep restic.IDSet, removeTreePacks bool) {
-	r, err := OpenRepository(context.TODO(), gopts)
+	ctx, r, unlock, err := openWithExclusiveLock(context.TODO(), gopts, false)
 	rtest.OK(t, err)
+	defer unlock()
 
 	// Get all tree packs
-	rtest.OK(t, r.LoadIndex(context.TODO(), nil))
+	rtest.OK(t, r.LoadIndex(ctx, nil))
 
 	treePacks := restic.NewIDSet()
-	r.Index().Each(context.TODO(), func(pb restic.PackedBlob) {
+	r.Index().Each(ctx, func(pb restic.PackedBlob) {
 		if pb.Type == restic.TreeBlob {
 			treePacks.Insert(pb.PackID)
 		}
 	})
 
 	// remove all packs containing data blobs
-	rtest.OK(t, r.List(context.TODO(), restic.PackFile, func(id restic.ID, size int64) error {
+	rtest.OK(t, r.List(ctx, restic.PackFile, func(id restic.ID, size int64) error {
 		if treePacks.Has(id) != removeTreePacks || keep.Has(id) {
 			return nil
 		}
-		return r.Backend().Remove(context.TODO(), backend.Handle{Type: restic.PackFile, Name: id.String()})
+		return r.Backend().Remove(ctx, backend.Handle{Type: restic.PackFile, Name: id.String()})
 	}))
 }
 
diff --git a/cmd/restic/integration_test.go b/cmd/restic/integration_test.go
index 7cf8396a3..21be571e2 100644
--- a/cmd/restic/integration_test.go
+++ b/cmd/restic/integration_test.go
@@ -154,12 +154,13 @@ func TestFindListOnce(t *testing.T) {
 	testRunBackup(t, "", []string{filepath.Join(env.testdata, "0", "0", "9", "3")}, opts, env.gopts)
 	thirdSnapshot := restic.NewIDSet(testListSnapshots(t, env.gopts, 3)...)
 
-	repo, err := OpenRepository(context.TODO(), env.gopts)
+	ctx, repo, unlock, err := openWithReadLock(context.TODO(), env.gopts, false)
 	rtest.OK(t, err)
+	defer unlock()
 
 	snapshotIDs := restic.NewIDSet()
 	// specify the two oldest snapshots explicitly and use "latest" to reference the newest one
-	for sn := range FindFilteredSnapshots(context.TODO(), repo, repo, &restic.SnapshotFilter{}, []string{
+	for sn := range FindFilteredSnapshots(ctx, repo, repo, &restic.SnapshotFilter{}, []string{
 		secondSnapshot[0].String(),
 		secondSnapshot[1].String()[:8],
 		"latest",