package archiver import ( "context" "encoding/json" "os" "path" "runtime" "sort" "time" "github.com/restic/restic/internal/debug" "github.com/restic/restic/internal/errors" "github.com/restic/restic/internal/fs" "github.com/restic/restic/internal/restic" tomb "gopkg.in/tomb.v2" ) // SelectByNameFunc returns true for all items that should be included (files and // dirs). If false is returned, files are ignored and dirs are not even walked. type SelectByNameFunc func(item string) bool // SelectFunc returns true for all items that should be included (files and // dirs). If false is returned, files are ignored and dirs are not even walked. type SelectFunc func(item string, fi os.FileInfo) bool // ErrorFunc is called when an error during archiving occurs. When nil is // returned, the archiver continues, otherwise it aborts and passes the error // up the call stack. type ErrorFunc func(file string, fi os.FileInfo, err error) error // ItemStats collects some statistics about a particular file or directory. type ItemStats struct { DataBlobs int // number of new data blobs added for this item DataSize uint64 // sum of the sizes of all new data blobs TreeBlobs int // number of new tree blobs added for this item TreeSize uint64 // sum of the sizes of all new tree blobs } // Add adds other to the current ItemStats. func (s *ItemStats) Add(other ItemStats) { s.DataBlobs += other.DataBlobs s.DataSize += other.DataSize s.TreeBlobs += other.TreeBlobs s.TreeSize += other.TreeSize } // Archiver saves a directory structure to the repo. type Archiver struct { Repo restic.Repository SelectByName SelectByNameFunc Select SelectFunc FS fs.FS Options Options blobSaver *BlobSaver fileSaver *FileSaver treeSaver *TreeSaver // Error is called for all errors that occur during backup. Error ErrorFunc // CompleteItem is called for all files and dirs once they have been // processed successfully. The parameter item contains the path as it will // be in the snapshot after saving. s contains some statistics about this // particular file/dir. // // CompleteItem may be called asynchronously from several different // goroutines! CompleteItem func(item string, previous, current *restic.Node, s ItemStats, d time.Duration) // StartFile is called when a file is being processed by a worker. StartFile func(filename string) // CompleteBlob is called for all saved blobs for files. CompleteBlob func(filename string, bytes uint64) // WithAtime configures if the access time for files and directories should // be saved. Enabling it may result in much metadata, so it's off by // default. WithAtime bool IgnoreInode bool } // Options is used to configure the archiver. type Options struct { // FileReadConcurrency sets how many files are read in concurrently. If // it's set to zero, at most two files are read in concurrently (which // turned out to be a good default for most situations). FileReadConcurrency uint // SaveBlobConcurrency sets how many blobs are hashed and saved // concurrently. If it's set to zero, the default is the number of CPUs // available in the system. SaveBlobConcurrency uint // SaveTreeConcurrency sets how many trees are marshalled and saved to the // repo concurrently. SaveTreeConcurrency uint } // ApplyDefaults returns a copy of o with the default options set for all unset // fields. func (o Options) ApplyDefaults() Options { if o.FileReadConcurrency == 0 { // two is a sweet spot for almost all situations. We've done some // experiments documented here: // https://github.com/borgbackup/borg/issues/3500 o.FileReadConcurrency = 2 } if o.SaveBlobConcurrency == 0 { o.SaveBlobConcurrency = uint(runtime.NumCPU()) } if o.SaveTreeConcurrency == 0 { // use a relatively high concurrency here, having multiple SaveTree // workers is cheap o.SaveTreeConcurrency = o.SaveBlobConcurrency * 20 } return o } // New initializes a new archiver. func New(repo restic.Repository, fs fs.FS, opts Options) *Archiver { arch := &Archiver{ Repo: repo, SelectByName: func(item string) bool { return true }, Select: func(item string, fi os.FileInfo) bool { return true }, FS: fs, Options: opts.ApplyDefaults(), CompleteItem: func(string, *restic.Node, *restic.Node, ItemStats, time.Duration) {}, StartFile: func(string) {}, CompleteBlob: func(string, uint64) {}, IgnoreInode: false, } return arch } // error calls arch.Error if it is set and the error is different from context.Canceled. func (arch *Archiver) error(item string, fi os.FileInfo, err error) error { if arch.Error == nil || err == nil { return err } if err == context.Canceled { return err } errf := arch.Error(item, fi, err) if err != errf { debug.Log("item %v: error was filtered by handler, before: %q, after: %v", item, err, errf) } return errf } // saveTree stores a tree in the repo. It checks the index and the known blobs // before saving anything. func (arch *Archiver) saveTree(ctx context.Context, t *restic.Tree) (restic.ID, ItemStats, error) { var s ItemStats buf, err := json.Marshal(t) if err != nil { return restic.ID{}, s, errors.Wrap(err, "MarshalJSON") } // append a newline so that the data is always consistent (json.Encoder // adds a newline after each object) buf = append(buf, '\n') b := &Buffer{Data: buf} res := arch.blobSaver.Save(ctx, restic.TreeBlob, b) res.Wait(ctx) if !res.Known() { s.TreeBlobs++ s.TreeSize += uint64(len(buf)) } // The context was canceled in the meantime, res.ID() might be invalid if ctx.Err() != nil { return restic.ID{}, s, ctx.Err() } return res.ID(), s, nil } // nodeFromFileInfo returns the restic node from an os.FileInfo. func (arch *Archiver) nodeFromFileInfo(filename string, fi os.FileInfo) (*restic.Node, error) { node, err := restic.NodeFromFileInfo(filename, fi) if !arch.WithAtime { node.AccessTime = node.ModTime } return node, errors.Wrap(err, "NodeFromFileInfo") } // loadSubtree tries to load the subtree referenced by node. In case of an error, nil is returned. // If there is no node to load, then nil is returned without an error. func (arch *Archiver) loadSubtree(ctx context.Context, node *restic.Node) (*restic.Tree, error) { if node == nil || node.Type != "dir" || node.Subtree == nil { return nil, nil } tree, err := arch.Repo.LoadTree(ctx, *node.Subtree) if err != nil { debug.Log("unable to load tree %v: %v", node.Subtree.Str(), err) // a tree in the repository is not readable -> warn the user return nil, arch.wrapLoadTreeError(*node.Subtree, err) } return tree, nil } func (arch *Archiver) wrapLoadTreeError(id restic.ID, err error) error { if arch.Repo.Index().Has(restic.BlobHandle{ID: id, Type: restic.TreeBlob}) { err = errors.Errorf("tree %v could not be loaded; the repository could be damaged: %v", id, err) } else { err = errors.Errorf("tree %v is not known; the repository could be damaged, run `rebuild-index` to try to repair it", id) } return err } // SaveDir stores a directory in the repo and returns the node. snPath is the // path within the current snapshot. func (arch *Archiver) SaveDir(ctx context.Context, snPath string, fi os.FileInfo, dir string, previous *restic.Tree, complete CompleteFunc) (d FutureTree, err error) { debug.Log("%v %v", snPath, dir) treeNode, err := arch.nodeFromFileInfo(dir, fi) if err != nil { return FutureTree{}, err } names, err := readdirnames(arch.FS, dir, fs.O_NOFOLLOW) if err != nil { return FutureTree{}, err } sort.Strings(names) nodes := make([]FutureNode, 0, len(names)) for _, name := range names { // test if context has been cancelled if ctx.Err() != nil { debug.Log("context has been cancelled, aborting") return FutureTree{}, ctx.Err() } pathname := arch.FS.Join(dir, name) oldNode := previous.Find(name) snItem := join(snPath, name) fn, excluded, err := arch.Save(ctx, snItem, pathname, oldNode) // return error early if possible if err != nil { err = arch.error(pathname, fi, err) if err == nil { // ignore error continue } return FutureTree{}, err } if excluded { continue } nodes = append(nodes, fn) } ft := arch.treeSaver.Save(ctx, snPath, treeNode, nodes, complete) return ft, nil } // FutureNode holds a reference to a node, FutureFile, or FutureTree. type FutureNode struct { snPath, target string // kept to call the error callback function absTarget string fi os.FileInfo node *restic.Node stats ItemStats err error isFile bool file FutureFile isTree bool tree FutureTree } func (fn *FutureNode) wait(ctx context.Context) { switch { case fn.isFile: // wait for and collect the data for the file fn.file.Wait(ctx) fn.node = fn.file.Node() fn.err = fn.file.Err() fn.stats = fn.file.Stats() // ensure the other stuff can be garbage-collected fn.file = FutureFile{} fn.isFile = false case fn.isTree: // wait for and collect the data for the dir fn.tree.Wait(ctx) fn.node = fn.tree.Node() fn.stats = fn.tree.Stats() // ensure the other stuff can be garbage-collected fn.tree = FutureTree{} fn.isTree = false } } // allBlobsPresent checks if all blobs (contents) of the given node are // present in the index. func (arch *Archiver) allBlobsPresent(previous *restic.Node) bool { // check if all blobs are contained in index for _, id := range previous.Content { if !arch.Repo.Index().Has(restic.BlobHandle{ID: id, Type: restic.DataBlob}) { return false } } return true } // Save saves a target (file or directory) to the repo. If the item is // excluded, this function returns a nil node and error, with excluded set to // true. // // Errors and completion needs to be handled by the caller. // // snPath is the path within the current snapshot. func (arch *Archiver) Save(ctx context.Context, snPath, target string, previous *restic.Node) (fn FutureNode, excluded bool, err error) { start := time.Now() fn = FutureNode{ snPath: snPath, target: target, } debug.Log("%v target %q, previous %v", snPath, target, previous) abstarget, err := arch.FS.Abs(target) if err != nil { return FutureNode{}, false, err } fn.absTarget = abstarget // exclude files by path before running Lstat to reduce number of lstat calls if !arch.SelectByName(abstarget) { debug.Log("%v is excluded by path", target) return FutureNode{}, true, nil } // get file info and run remaining select functions that require file information fi, err := arch.FS.Lstat(target) if err != nil { debug.Log("lstat() for %v returned error: %v", target, err) err = arch.error(abstarget, fi, err) if err != nil { return FutureNode{}, false, errors.Wrap(err, "Lstat") } return FutureNode{}, true, nil } if !arch.Select(abstarget, fi) { debug.Log("%v is excluded", target) return FutureNode{}, true, nil } switch { case fs.IsRegularFile(fi): debug.Log(" %v regular file", target) start := time.Now() // check if the file has not changed before performing a fopen operation (more expensive, specially // in network filesystems) if previous != nil && !fileChanged(fi, previous, arch.IgnoreInode) { if arch.allBlobsPresent(previous) { debug.Log("%v hasn't changed, using old list of blobs", target) arch.CompleteItem(snPath, previous, previous, ItemStats{}, time.Since(start)) arch.CompleteBlob(snPath, previous.Size) fn.node, err = arch.nodeFromFileInfo(target, fi) if err != nil { return FutureNode{}, false, err } // copy list of blobs fn.node.Content = previous.Content return fn, false, nil } debug.Log("%v hasn't changed, but contents are missing!", target) // There are contents missing - inform user! err := errors.Errorf("parts of %v not found in the repository index; storing the file again", target) arch.error(abstarget, fi, err) } // reopen file and do an fstat() on the open file to check it is still // a file (and has not been exchanged for e.g. a symlink) file, err := arch.FS.OpenFile(target, fs.O_RDONLY|fs.O_NOFOLLOW, 0) if err != nil { debug.Log("Openfile() for %v returned error: %v", target, err) err = arch.error(abstarget, fi, err) if err != nil { return FutureNode{}, false, errors.Wrap(err, "Lstat") } return FutureNode{}, true, nil } fi, err = file.Stat() if err != nil { debug.Log("stat() on opened file %v returned error: %v", target, err) _ = file.Close() err = arch.error(abstarget, fi, err) if err != nil { return FutureNode{}, false, errors.Wrap(err, "Lstat") } return FutureNode{}, true, nil } // make sure it's still a file if !fs.IsRegularFile(fi) { err = errors.Errorf("file %v changed type, refusing to archive") _ = file.Close() err = arch.error(abstarget, fi, err) if err != nil { return FutureNode{}, false, err } return FutureNode{}, true, nil } fn.isFile = true // Save will close the file, we don't need to do that fn.file = arch.fileSaver.Save(ctx, snPath, file, fi, func() { arch.StartFile(snPath) }, func(node *restic.Node, stats ItemStats) { arch.CompleteItem(snPath, previous, node, stats, time.Since(start)) }) case fi.IsDir(): debug.Log(" %v dir", target) snItem := snPath + "/" start := time.Now() oldSubtree, err := arch.loadSubtree(ctx, previous) if err != nil { arch.error(abstarget, fi, err) } fn.isTree = true fn.tree, err = arch.SaveDir(ctx, snPath, fi, target, oldSubtree, func(node *restic.Node, stats ItemStats) { arch.CompleteItem(snItem, previous, node, stats, time.Since(start)) }) if err != nil { debug.Log("SaveDir for %v returned error: %v", snPath, err) return FutureNode{}, false, err } case fi.Mode()&os.ModeSocket > 0: debug.Log(" %v is a socket, ignoring", target) return FutureNode{}, true, nil default: debug.Log(" %v other", target) fn.node, err = arch.nodeFromFileInfo(target, fi) if err != nil { return FutureNode{}, false, err } } debug.Log("return after %.3f", time.Since(start).Seconds()) return fn, false, nil } // fileChanged returns true if the file's content has changed since the node // was created. func fileChanged(fi os.FileInfo, node *restic.Node, ignoreInode bool) bool { if node == nil { return true } // check type change if node.Type != "file" { return true } // check modification timestamp if !fi.ModTime().Equal(node.ModTime) { return true } // check status change timestamp extFI := fs.ExtendedStat(fi) if !ignoreInode && !extFI.ChangeTime.Equal(node.ChangeTime) { return true } // check size if uint64(fi.Size()) != node.Size || uint64(extFI.Size) != node.Size { return true } // check inode if !ignoreInode && node.Inode != extFI.Inode { return true } return false } // join returns all elements separated with a forward slash. func join(elem ...string) string { return path.Join(elem...) } // statDir returns the file info for the directory. Symbolic links are // resolved. If the target directory is not a directory, an error is returned. func (arch *Archiver) statDir(dir string) (os.FileInfo, error) { fi, err := arch.FS.Stat(dir) if err != nil { return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Lstat") } tpe := fi.Mode() & (os.ModeType | os.ModeCharDevice) if tpe != os.ModeDir { return fi, errors.Errorf("path is not a directory: %v", dir) } return fi, nil } // SaveTree stores a Tree in the repo, returned is the tree. snPath is the path // within the current snapshot. func (arch *Archiver) SaveTree(ctx context.Context, snPath string, atree *Tree, previous *restic.Tree) (*restic.Tree, error) { debug.Log("%v (%v nodes), parent %v", snPath, len(atree.Nodes), previous) tree := restic.NewTree() futureNodes := make(map[string]FutureNode) // iterate over the nodes of atree in lexicographic (=deterministic) order for _, name := range atree.NodeNames() { subatree := atree.Nodes[name] // test if context has been cancelled if ctx.Err() != nil { return nil, ctx.Err() } // this is a leaf node if subatree.Leaf() { fn, excluded, err := arch.Save(ctx, join(snPath, name), subatree.Path, previous.Find(name)) if err != nil { err = arch.error(subatree.Path, fn.fi, err) if err == nil { // ignore error continue } return nil, err } if err != nil { return nil, err } if !excluded { futureNodes[name] = fn } continue } snItem := join(snPath, name) + "/" start := time.Now() oldNode := previous.Find(name) oldSubtree, err := arch.loadSubtree(ctx, oldNode) if err != nil { arch.error(join(snPath, name), nil, err) } // not a leaf node, archive subtree subtree, err := arch.SaveTree(ctx, join(snPath, name), &subatree, oldSubtree) if err != nil { return nil, err } id, nodeStats, err := arch.saveTree(ctx, subtree) if err != nil { return nil, err } if subatree.FileInfoPath == "" { return nil, errors.Errorf("FileInfoPath for %v/%v is empty", snPath, name) } debug.Log("%v, saved subtree %v as %v", snPath, subtree, id.Str()) fi, err := arch.statDir(subatree.FileInfoPath) if err != nil { return nil, err } debug.Log("%v, dir node data loaded from %v", snPath, subatree.FileInfoPath) node, err := arch.nodeFromFileInfo(subatree.FileInfoPath, fi) if err != nil { return nil, err } node.Name = name node.Subtree = &id err = tree.Insert(node) if err != nil { return nil, err } arch.CompleteItem(snItem, oldNode, node, nodeStats, time.Since(start)) } debug.Log("waiting on %d nodes", len(futureNodes)) // process all futures for name, fn := range futureNodes { fn.wait(ctx) // return the error, or ignore it if fn.err != nil { fn.err = arch.error(fn.target, fn.fi, fn.err) if fn.err == nil { // ignore error continue } return nil, fn.err } // when the error is ignored, the node could not be saved, so ignore it if fn.node == nil { debug.Log("%v excluded: %v", fn.snPath, fn.target) continue } fn.node.Name = name err := tree.Insert(fn.node) if err != nil { return nil, err } } return tree, nil } // flags are passed to fs.OpenFile. O_RDONLY is implied. func readdirnames(filesystem fs.FS, dir string, flags int) ([]string, error) { f, err := filesystem.OpenFile(dir, fs.O_RDONLY|flags, 0) if err != nil { return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Open") } entries, err := f.Readdirnames(-1) if err != nil { _ = f.Close() return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "Readdirnames %v failed", dir) } err = f.Close() if err != nil { return nil, err } return entries, nil } // resolveRelativeTargets replaces targets that only contain relative // directories ("." or "../../") with the contents of the directory. Each // element of target is processed with fs.Clean(). func resolveRelativeTargets(filesys fs.FS, targets []string) ([]string, error) { debug.Log("targets before resolving: %v", targets) result := make([]string, 0, len(targets)) for _, target := range targets { target = filesys.Clean(target) pc, _ := pathComponents(filesys, target, false) if len(pc) > 0 { result = append(result, target) continue } debug.Log("replacing %q with readdir(%q)", target, target) entries, err := readdirnames(filesys, target, fs.O_NOFOLLOW) if err != nil { return nil, err } sort.Strings(entries) for _, name := range entries { result = append(result, filesys.Join(target, name)) } } debug.Log("targets after resolving: %v", result) return result, nil } // SnapshotOptions collect attributes for a new snapshot. type SnapshotOptions struct { Tags restic.TagList Hostname string Excludes []string Time time.Time ParentSnapshot restic.ID } // loadParentTree loads a tree referenced by snapshot id. If id is null, nil is returned. func (arch *Archiver) loadParentTree(ctx context.Context, snapshotID restic.ID) *restic.Tree { if snapshotID.IsNull() { return nil } debug.Log("load parent snapshot %v", snapshotID) sn, err := restic.LoadSnapshot(ctx, arch.Repo, snapshotID) if err != nil { debug.Log("unable to load snapshot %v: %v", snapshotID, err) return nil } if sn.Tree == nil { debug.Log("snapshot %v has empty tree %v", snapshotID) return nil } debug.Log("load parent tree %v", *sn.Tree) tree, err := arch.Repo.LoadTree(ctx, *sn.Tree) if err != nil { debug.Log("unable to load tree %v: %v", *sn.Tree, err) arch.error("/", nil, arch.wrapLoadTreeError(*sn.Tree, err)) return nil } return tree } // runWorkers starts the worker pools, which are stopped when the context is cancelled. func (arch *Archiver) runWorkers(ctx context.Context, t *tomb.Tomb) { arch.blobSaver = NewBlobSaver(ctx, t, arch.Repo, arch.Options.SaveBlobConcurrency) arch.fileSaver = NewFileSaver(ctx, t, arch.blobSaver.Save, arch.Repo.Config().ChunkerPolynomial, arch.Options.FileReadConcurrency, arch.Options.SaveBlobConcurrency) arch.fileSaver.CompleteBlob = arch.CompleteBlob arch.fileSaver.NodeFromFileInfo = arch.nodeFromFileInfo arch.treeSaver = NewTreeSaver(ctx, t, arch.Options.SaveTreeConcurrency, arch.saveTree, arch.Error) } // Snapshot saves several targets and returns a snapshot. func (arch *Archiver) Snapshot(ctx context.Context, targets []string, opts SnapshotOptions) (*restic.Snapshot, restic.ID, error) { cleanTargets, err := resolveRelativeTargets(arch.FS, targets) if err != nil { return nil, restic.ID{}, err } atree, err := NewTree(arch.FS, cleanTargets) if err != nil { return nil, restic.ID{}, err } var t tomb.Tomb wctx := t.Context(ctx) start := time.Now() var rootTreeID restic.ID var stats ItemStats t.Go(func() error { arch.runWorkers(wctx, &t) debug.Log("starting snapshot") tree, err := arch.SaveTree(wctx, "/", atree, arch.loadParentTree(wctx, opts.ParentSnapshot)) if err != nil { return err } if len(tree.Nodes) == 0 { return errors.New("snapshot is empty") } rootTreeID, stats, err = arch.saveTree(wctx, tree) // trigger shutdown but don't set an error t.Kill(nil) return err }) err = t.Wait() debug.Log("err is %v", err) if err != nil { debug.Log("error while saving tree: %v", err) return nil, restic.ID{}, err } arch.CompleteItem("/", nil, nil, stats, time.Since(start)) err = arch.Repo.Flush(ctx) if err != nil { return nil, restic.ID{}, err } sn, err := restic.NewSnapshot(targets, opts.Tags, opts.Hostname, opts.Time) if err != nil { return nil, restic.ID{}, err } sn.Excludes = opts.Excludes if !opts.ParentSnapshot.IsNull() { id := opts.ParentSnapshot sn.Parent = &id } sn.Tree = &rootTreeID id, err := arch.Repo.SaveJSONUnpacked(ctx, restic.SnapshotFile, sn) if err != nil { return nil, restic.ID{}, err } return sn, id, nil }