certificates/authority/ssh.go

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package authority
import (
"context"
"crypto/rand"
"crypto/x509"
"encoding/binary"
"net/http"
"strings"
"time"
"github.com/pkg/errors"
"github.com/smallstep/certificates/authority/provisioner"
"github.com/smallstep/certificates/db"
"github.com/smallstep/certificates/errs"
"github.com/smallstep/certificates/sshutil"
"github.com/smallstep/certificates/templates"
"github.com/smallstep/cli/crypto/randutil"
"github.com/smallstep/cli/jose"
"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
)
const (
// SSHAddUserPrincipal is the principal that will run the add user command.
// Defaults to "provisioner" but it can be changed in the configuration.
SSHAddUserPrincipal = "provisioner"
// SSHAddUserCommand is the default command to run to add a new user.
// Defaults to "sudo useradd -m <principal>; nc -q0 localhost 22" but it can be changed in the
// configuration. The string "<principal>" will be replace by the new
// principal to add.
SSHAddUserCommand = "sudo useradd -m <principal>; nc -q0 localhost 22"
)
// SSHConfig contains the user and host keys.
type SSHConfig struct {
HostKey string `json:"hostKey"`
UserKey string `json:"userKey"`
Keys []*SSHPublicKey `json:"keys,omitempty"`
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AddUserPrincipal string `json:"addUserPrincipal,omitempty"`
AddUserCommand string `json:"addUserCommand,omitempty"`
Bastion *Bastion `json:"bastion,omitempty"`
}
// Bastion contains the custom properties used on bastion.
type Bastion struct {
Hostname string `json:"hostname"`
User string `json:"user,omitempty"`
Port string `json:"port,omitempty"`
Command string `json:"cmd,omitempty"`
Flags string `json:"flags,omitempty"`
}
// Validate checks the fields in SSHConfig.
func (c *SSHConfig) Validate() error {
if c == nil {
return nil
}
for _, k := range c.Keys {
if err := k.Validate(); err != nil {
return err
}
}
return nil
}
// SSHPublicKey contains a public key used by federated CAs to keep old signing
// keys for this ca.
type SSHPublicKey struct {
Type string `json:"type"`
Federated bool `json:"federated"`
Key jose.JSONWebKey `json:"key"`
publicKey ssh.PublicKey
}
// Validate checks the fields in SSHPublicKey.
func (k *SSHPublicKey) Validate() error {
switch {
case k.Type == "":
return errors.New("type cannot be empty")
case k.Type != provisioner.SSHHostCert && k.Type != provisioner.SSHUserCert:
return errors.Errorf("invalid type %s, it must be user or host", k.Type)
case !k.Key.IsPublic():
return errors.New("invalid key type, it must be a public key")
}
key, err := ssh.NewPublicKey(k.Key.Key)
if err != nil {
return errors.Wrap(err, "error creating ssh key")
}
k.publicKey = key
return nil
}
// PublicKey returns the ssh public key.
func (k *SSHPublicKey) PublicKey() ssh.PublicKey {
return k.publicKey
}
// SSHKeys represents the SSH User and Host public keys.
type SSHKeys struct {
UserKeys []ssh.PublicKey
HostKeys []ssh.PublicKey
}
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// GetSSHRoots returns the SSH User and Host public keys.
func (a *Authority) GetSSHRoots() (*SSHKeys, error) {
return &SSHKeys{
HostKeys: a.sshCAHostCerts,
UserKeys: a.sshCAUserCerts,
}, nil
}
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// GetSSHFederation returns the public keys for federated SSH signers.
func (a *Authority) GetSSHFederation() (*SSHKeys, error) {
return &SSHKeys{
HostKeys: a.sshCAHostFederatedCerts,
UserKeys: a.sshCAUserFederatedCerts,
}, nil
}
// GetSSHConfig returns rendered templates for clients (user) or servers (host).
func (a *Authority) GetSSHConfig(typ string, data map[string]string) ([]templates.Output, error) {
if a.sshCAUserCertSignKey == nil && a.sshCAHostCertSignKey == nil {
return nil, &apiError{
err: errors.New("getSSHConfig: ssh is not configured"),
code: http.StatusNotFound,
}
}
var ts []templates.Template
switch typ {
case provisioner.SSHUserCert:
if a.config.Templates != nil && a.config.Templates.SSH != nil {
ts = a.config.Templates.SSH.User
}
case provisioner.SSHHostCert:
if a.config.Templates != nil && a.config.Templates.SSH != nil {
ts = a.config.Templates.SSH.Host
}
default:
return nil, &apiError{
err: errors.Errorf("getSSHConfig: type %s is not valid", typ),
code: http.StatusBadRequest,
}
}
// Merge user and default data
var mergedData map[string]interface{}
if len(data) == 0 {
mergedData = a.config.Templates.Data
} else {
mergedData = make(map[string]interface{}, len(a.config.Templates.Data)+1)
mergedData["User"] = data
for k, v := range a.config.Templates.Data {
mergedData[k] = v
}
}
// Render templates
output := []templates.Output{}
for _, t := range ts {
o, err := t.Output(mergedData)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
output = append(output, o)
}
return output, nil
}
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// GetSSHBastion returns the bastion configuration, for the given pair user,
// hostname.
func (a *Authority) GetSSHBastion(user string, hostname string) (*Bastion, error) {
if a.sshBastionFunc != nil {
return a.sshBastionFunc(user, hostname)
}
if a.config.SSH != nil {
if a.config.SSH.Bastion != nil && a.config.SSH.Bastion.Hostname != "" {
return a.config.SSH.Bastion, nil
}
return nil, nil
}
return nil, &apiError{
err: errors.New("getSSHBastion: ssh is not configured"),
code: http.StatusNotFound,
}
}
// authorizeSSHSign loads the provisioner from the token, checks that it has not
// been used again and calls the provisioner AuthorizeSSHSign method. Returns a
// list of methods to apply to the signing flow.
func (a *Authority) authorizeSSHSign(ctx context.Context, ott string) ([]provisioner.SignOption, error) {
var errContext = apiCtx{"ott": ott}
p, err := a.authorizeToken(ctx, ott)
if err != nil {
return nil, &apiError{errors.Wrap(err, "authorizeSSHSign"), http.StatusUnauthorized, errContext}
}
opts, err := p.AuthorizeSSHSign(ctx, ott)
if err != nil {
return nil, &apiError{errors.Wrap(err, "authorizeSSHSign"), http.StatusUnauthorized, errContext}
}
return opts, nil
}
// SignSSH creates a signed SSH certificate with the given public key and options.
func (a *Authority) SignSSH(key ssh.PublicKey, opts provisioner.SSHOptions, signOpts ...provisioner.SignOption) (*ssh.Certificate, error) {
var mods []provisioner.SSHCertificateModifier
var validators []provisioner.SSHCertificateValidator
// Set backdate with the configured value
opts.Backdate = a.config.AuthorityConfig.Backdate.Duration
for _, op := range signOpts {
switch o := op.(type) {
// modify the ssh.Certificate
case provisioner.SSHCertificateModifier:
mods = append(mods, o)
// modify the ssh.Certificate given the SSHOptions
case provisioner.SSHCertificateOptionModifier:
mods = append(mods, o.Option(opts))
// validate the ssh.Certificate
case provisioner.SSHCertificateValidator:
validators = append(validators, o)
// validate the given SSHOptions
case provisioner.SSHCertificateOptionsValidator:
if err := o.Valid(opts); err != nil {
return nil, &apiError{err: err, code: http.StatusForbidden}
}
default:
return nil, &apiError{
err: errors.Errorf("signSSH: invalid extra option type %T", o),
code: http.StatusInternalServerError,
}
}
}
nonce, err := randutil.ASCII(32)
if err != nil {
return nil, &apiError{err: err, code: http.StatusInternalServerError}
}
var serial uint64
if err := binary.Read(rand.Reader, binary.BigEndian, &serial); err != nil {
return nil, &apiError{
err: errors.Wrap(err, "signSSH: error reading random number"),
code: http.StatusInternalServerError,
}
}
// Build base certificate with the key and some random values
cert := &ssh.Certificate{
Nonce: []byte(nonce),
Key: key,
Serial: serial,
}
// Use opts to modify the certificate
if err := opts.Modify(cert); err != nil {
return nil, &apiError{err: err, code: http.StatusForbidden}
}
// Use provisioner modifiers
for _, m := range mods {
if err := m.Modify(cert); err != nil {
return nil, &apiError{err: err, code: http.StatusForbidden}
}
}
// Get signer from authority keys
var signer ssh.Signer
switch cert.CertType {
case ssh.UserCert:
if a.sshCAUserCertSignKey == nil {
return nil, &apiError{
err: errors.New("signSSH: user certificate signing is not enabled"),
code: http.StatusNotImplemented,
}
}
signer = a.sshCAUserCertSignKey
case ssh.HostCert:
if a.sshCAHostCertSignKey == nil {
return nil, &apiError{
err: errors.New("signSSH: host certificate signing is not enabled"),
code: http.StatusNotImplemented,
}
}
signer = a.sshCAHostCertSignKey
default:
return nil, &apiError{
err: errors.Errorf("signSSH: unexpected ssh certificate type: %d", cert.CertType),
code: http.StatusInternalServerError,
}
}
cert.SignatureKey = signer.PublicKey()
// Get bytes for signing trailing the signature length.
data := cert.Marshal()
data = data[:len(data)-4]
// Sign the certificate
sig, err := signer.Sign(rand.Reader, data)
if err != nil {
return nil, &apiError{
err: errors.Wrap(err, "signSSH: error signing certificate"),
code: http.StatusInternalServerError,
}
}
cert.Signature = sig
// User provisioners validators
for _, v := range validators {
if err := v.Valid(cert); err != nil {
return nil, &apiError{err: err, code: http.StatusForbidden}
}
}
if err = a.db.StoreSSHCertificate(cert); err != nil && err != db.ErrNotImplemented {
return nil, &apiError{
err: errors.Wrap(err, "signSSH: error storing certificate in db"),
code: http.StatusInternalServerError,
}
}
return cert, nil
}
// authorizeSSHRenew authorizes an SSH certificate renewal request, by
// validating the contents of an SSHPOP token.
func (a *Authority) authorizeSSHRenew(ctx context.Context, token string) (*ssh.Certificate, error) {
errContext := map[string]interface{}{"ott": token}
p, err := a.authorizeToken(ctx, token)
if err != nil {
return nil, &apiError{
err: errors.Wrap(err, "authorizeSSHRenew"),
code: http.StatusUnauthorized,
context: errContext,
}
}
cert, err := p.AuthorizeSSHRenew(ctx, token)
if err != nil {
return nil, &apiError{
err: errors.Wrap(err, "authorizeSSHRenew"),
code: http.StatusUnauthorized,
context: errContext,
}
}
return cert, nil
}
// RenewSSH creates a signed SSH certificate using the old SSH certificate as a template.
func (a *Authority) RenewSSH(oldCert *ssh.Certificate) (*ssh.Certificate, error) {
nonce, err := randutil.ASCII(32)
if err != nil {
return nil, &apiError{err: err, code: http.StatusInternalServerError}
}
var serial uint64
if err := binary.Read(rand.Reader, binary.BigEndian, &serial); err != nil {
return nil, &apiError{
err: errors.Wrap(err, "renewSSH: error reading random number"),
code: http.StatusInternalServerError,
}
}
if oldCert.ValidAfter == 0 || oldCert.ValidBefore == 0 {
return nil, errors.New("rewnewSSH: cannot renew certificate without validity period")
}
backdate := a.config.AuthorityConfig.Backdate.Duration
duration := time.Duration(oldCert.ValidBefore-oldCert.ValidAfter) * time.Second
now := time.Now()
va := now.Add(-1 * backdate)
vb := now.Add(duration - backdate)
// Build base certificate with the key and some random values
cert := &ssh.Certificate{
Nonce: []byte(nonce),
Key: oldCert.Key,
Serial: serial,
CertType: oldCert.CertType,
KeyId: oldCert.KeyId,
ValidPrincipals: oldCert.ValidPrincipals,
Permissions: oldCert.Permissions,
ValidAfter: uint64(va.Unix()),
ValidBefore: uint64(vb.Unix()),
}
// Get signer from authority keys
var signer ssh.Signer
switch cert.CertType {
case ssh.UserCert:
if a.sshCAUserCertSignKey == nil {
return nil, &apiError{
err: errors.New("renewSSH: user certificate signing is not enabled"),
code: http.StatusNotImplemented,
}
}
signer = a.sshCAUserCertSignKey
case ssh.HostCert:
if a.sshCAHostCertSignKey == nil {
return nil, &apiError{
err: errors.New("renewSSH: host certificate signing is not enabled"),
code: http.StatusNotImplemented,
}
}
signer = a.sshCAHostCertSignKey
default:
return nil, &apiError{
err: errors.Errorf("renewSSH: unexpected ssh certificate type: %d", cert.CertType),
code: http.StatusInternalServerError,
}
}
cert.SignatureKey = signer.PublicKey()
// Get bytes for signing trailing the signature length.
data := cert.Marshal()
data = data[:len(data)-4]
// Sign the certificate
sig, err := signer.Sign(rand.Reader, data)
if err != nil {
return nil, &apiError{
err: errors.Wrap(err, "renewSSH: error signing certificate"),
code: http.StatusInternalServerError,
}
}
cert.Signature = sig
if err = a.db.StoreSSHCertificate(cert); err != nil && err != db.ErrNotImplemented {
return nil, &apiError{
err: errors.Wrap(err, "renewSSH: error storing certificate in db"),
code: http.StatusInternalServerError,
}
}
return cert, nil
}
// authorizeSSHRekey authorizes an SSH certificate rekey request, by
// validating the contents of an SSHPOP token.
func (a *Authority) authorizeSSHRekey(ctx context.Context, token string) (*ssh.Certificate, []provisioner.SignOption, error) {
errContext := map[string]interface{}{"ott": token}
p, err := a.authorizeToken(ctx, token)
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, &apiError{
err: errors.Wrap(err, "authorizeSSHRenew"),
code: http.StatusUnauthorized,
context: errContext,
}
}
cert, opts, err := p.AuthorizeSSHRekey(ctx, token)
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, &apiError{
err: errors.Wrap(err, "authorizeSSHRekey"),
code: http.StatusUnauthorized,
context: errContext,
}
}
return cert, opts, nil
}
// RekeySSH creates a signed SSH certificate using the old SSH certificate as a template.
func (a *Authority) RekeySSH(oldCert *ssh.Certificate, pub ssh.PublicKey, signOpts ...provisioner.SignOption) (*ssh.Certificate, error) {
var validators []provisioner.SSHCertificateValidator
for _, op := range signOpts {
switch o := op.(type) {
// validate the ssh.Certificate
case provisioner.SSHCertificateValidator:
validators = append(validators, o)
default:
return nil, &apiError{
err: errors.Errorf("rekeySSH: invalid extra option type %T", o),
code: http.StatusInternalServerError,
}
}
}
nonce, err := randutil.ASCII(32)
if err != nil {
return nil, &apiError{err: err, code: http.StatusInternalServerError}
}
var serial uint64
if err := binary.Read(rand.Reader, binary.BigEndian, &serial); err != nil {
return nil, &apiError{
err: errors.Wrap(err, "rekeySSH: error reading random number"),
code: http.StatusInternalServerError,
}
}
if oldCert.ValidAfter == 0 || oldCert.ValidBefore == 0 {
return nil, errors.New("rekeySSH: cannot rekey certificate without validity period")
}
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backdate := a.config.AuthorityConfig.Backdate.Duration
duration := time.Duration(oldCert.ValidBefore-oldCert.ValidAfter) * time.Second
now := time.Now()
va := now.Add(-1 * backdate)
vb := now.Add(duration - backdate)
// Build base certificate with the key and some random values
cert := &ssh.Certificate{
Nonce: []byte(nonce),
Key: pub,
Serial: serial,
CertType: oldCert.CertType,
KeyId: oldCert.KeyId,
ValidPrincipals: oldCert.ValidPrincipals,
Permissions: oldCert.Permissions,
ValidAfter: uint64(va.Unix()),
ValidBefore: uint64(vb.Unix()),
}
// Get signer from authority keys
var signer ssh.Signer
switch cert.CertType {
case ssh.UserCert:
if a.sshCAUserCertSignKey == nil {
return nil, &apiError{
err: errors.New("rekeySSH: user certificate signing is not enabled"),
code: http.StatusNotImplemented,
}
}
signer = a.sshCAUserCertSignKey
case ssh.HostCert:
if a.sshCAHostCertSignKey == nil {
return nil, &apiError{
err: errors.New("rekeySSH: host certificate signing is not enabled"),
code: http.StatusNotImplemented,
}
}
signer = a.sshCAHostCertSignKey
default:
return nil, &apiError{
err: errors.Errorf("rekeySSH: unexpected ssh certificate type: %d", cert.CertType),
code: http.StatusInternalServerError,
}
}
cert.SignatureKey = signer.PublicKey()
// Get bytes for signing trailing the signature length.
data := cert.Marshal()
data = data[:len(data)-4]
// Sign the certificate
sig, err := signer.Sign(rand.Reader, data)
if err != nil {
return nil, &apiError{
err: errors.Wrap(err, "rekeySSH: error signing certificate"),
code: http.StatusInternalServerError,
}
}
cert.Signature = sig
// User provisioners validators
for _, v := range validators {
if err := v.Valid(cert); err != nil {
return nil, &apiError{err: err, code: http.StatusForbidden}
}
}
if err = a.db.StoreSSHCertificate(cert); err != nil && err != db.ErrNotImplemented {
return nil, &apiError{
err: errors.Wrap(err, "rekeySSH: error storing certificate in db"),
code: http.StatusInternalServerError,
}
}
return cert, nil
}
// authorizeSSHRevoke authorizes an SSH certificate revoke request, by
// validating the contents of an SSHPOP token.
func (a *Authority) authorizeSSHRevoke(ctx context.Context, token string) error {
errContext := map[string]interface{}{"ott": token}
p, err := a.authorizeToken(ctx, token)
if err != nil {
return &apiError{errors.Wrap(err, "authorizeSSHRevoke"), http.StatusUnauthorized, errContext}
}
if err = p.AuthorizeSSHRevoke(ctx, token); err != nil {
return &apiError{errors.Wrap(err, "authorizeSSHRevoke"), http.StatusUnauthorized, errContext}
}
return nil
}
// SignSSHAddUser signs a certificate that provisions a new user in a server.
func (a *Authority) SignSSHAddUser(key ssh.PublicKey, subject *ssh.Certificate) (*ssh.Certificate, error) {
if a.sshCAUserCertSignKey == nil {
return nil, &apiError{
err: errors.New("signSSHAddUser: user certificate signing is not enabled"),
code: http.StatusNotImplemented,
}
}
if subject.CertType != ssh.UserCert {
return nil, &apiError{
err: errors.New("signSSHAddUser: certificate is not a user certificate"),
code: http.StatusForbidden,
}
}
if len(subject.ValidPrincipals) != 1 {
return nil, &apiError{
err: errors.New("signSSHAddUser: certificate does not have only one principal"),
code: http.StatusForbidden,
}
}
nonce, err := randutil.ASCII(32)
if err != nil {
return nil, &apiError{err: err, code: http.StatusInternalServerError}
}
var serial uint64
if err := binary.Read(rand.Reader, binary.BigEndian, &serial); err != nil {
return nil, &apiError{
err: errors.Wrap(err, "signSSHAddUser: error reading random number"),
code: http.StatusInternalServerError,
}
}
signer := a.sshCAUserCertSignKey
principal := subject.ValidPrincipals[0]
addUserPrincipal := a.getAddUserPrincipal()
cert := &ssh.Certificate{
Nonce: []byte(nonce),
Key: key,
Serial: serial,
CertType: ssh.UserCert,
KeyId: principal + "-" + addUserPrincipal,
ValidPrincipals: []string{addUserPrincipal},
ValidAfter: subject.ValidAfter,
ValidBefore: subject.ValidBefore,
Permissions: ssh.Permissions{
CriticalOptions: map[string]string{
"force-command": a.getAddUserCommand(principal),
},
},
SignatureKey: signer.PublicKey(),
}
// Get bytes for signing trailing the signature length.
data := cert.Marshal()
data = data[:len(data)-4]
// Sign the certificate
sig, err := signer.Sign(rand.Reader, data)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
cert.Signature = sig
if err = a.db.StoreSSHCertificate(cert); err != nil && err != db.ErrNotImplemented {
return nil, &apiError{
err: errors.Wrap(err, "signSSHAddUser: error storing certificate in db"),
code: http.StatusInternalServerError,
}
}
return cert, nil
}
// CheckSSHHost checks the given principal has been registered before.
func (a *Authority) CheckSSHHost(ctx context.Context, principal string, token string) (bool, error) {
if a.sshCheckHostFunc != nil {
exists, err := a.sshCheckHostFunc(ctx, principal, token, a.GetRootCertificates())
if err != nil {
return false, errs.Wrap(http.StatusInternalServerError, err,
"checkSSHHost: error from injected checkSSHHost func")
}
return exists, nil
}
exists, err := a.db.IsSSHHost(principal)
if err != nil {
if err == db.ErrNotImplemented {
return false, errs.Wrap(http.StatusNotImplemented, err,
"checkSSHHost: isSSHHost is not implemented")
}
return false, errs.Wrap(http.StatusInternalServerError, err,
"checkSSHHost: error checking if hosts exists")
}
return exists, nil
}
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// GetSSHHosts returns a list of valid host principals.
func (a *Authority) GetSSHHosts(cert *x509.Certificate) ([]sshutil.Host, error) {
if a.sshGetHostsFunc != nil {
return a.sshGetHostsFunc(cert)
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}
hostnames, err := a.db.GetSSHHostPrincipals()
if err != nil {
return nil, &apiError{
err: errors.Wrap(err, "getSSHHosts"),
code: http.StatusInternalServerError,
}
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}
hosts := make([]sshutil.Host, len(hostnames))
for i, hn := range hostnames {
hosts[i] = sshutil.Host{Hostname: hn}
}
return hosts, nil
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}
func (a *Authority) getAddUserPrincipal() (cmd string) {
if a.config.SSH.AddUserPrincipal == "" {
return SSHAddUserPrincipal
}
return a.config.SSH.AddUserPrincipal
}
func (a *Authority) getAddUserCommand(principal string) string {
var cmd string
if a.config.SSH.AddUserCommand == "" {
cmd = SSHAddUserCommand
} else {
cmd = a.config.SSH.AddUserCommand
}
return strings.Replace(cmd, "<principal>", principal, -1)
}