diff --git a/acme/api/account.go b/acme/api/account.go
index ade51aef..8c8c4d97 100644
--- a/acme/api/account.go
+++ b/acme/api/account.go
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ func (u *UpdateAccountRequest) Validate() error {
 }
 
 // NewAccount is the handler resource for creating new ACME accounts.
-func (h *Handler) NewAccount(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+func NewAccount(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	ctx := r.Context()
 	payload, err := payloadFromContext(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -114,18 +114,19 @@ func (h *Handler) NewAccount(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			return
 		}
 
-		eak, err := h.validateExternalAccountBinding(ctx, &nar)
+		eak, err := validateExternalAccountBinding(ctx, &nar)
 		if err != nil {
 			render.Error(w, err)
 			return
 		}
 
+		db := acme.MustFromContext(ctx)
 		acc = &acme.Account{
 			Key:     jwk,
 			Contact: nar.Contact,
 			Status:  acme.StatusValid,
 		}
-		if err := h.db.CreateAccount(ctx, acc); err != nil {
+		if err := db.CreateAccount(ctx, acc); err != nil {
 			render.Error(w, acme.WrapErrorISE(err, "error creating account"))
 			return
 		}
@@ -136,7 +137,7 @@ func (h *Handler) NewAccount(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 				render.Error(w, err)
 				return
 			}
-			if err := h.db.UpdateExternalAccountKey(ctx, prov.ID, eak); err != nil {
+			if err := db.UpdateExternalAccountKey(ctx, prov.ID, eak); err != nil {
 				render.Error(w, acme.WrapErrorISE(err, "error updating external account binding key"))
 				return
 			}
@@ -147,14 +148,15 @@ func (h *Handler) NewAccount(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		httpStatus = http.StatusOK
 	}
 
-	h.linker.LinkAccount(ctx, acc)
+	o := optionsFromContext(ctx)
+	o.linker.LinkAccount(ctx, acc)
 
-	w.Header().Set("Location", h.linker.GetLink(r.Context(), AccountLinkType, acc.ID))
+	w.Header().Set("Location", o.linker.GetLink(r.Context(), AccountLinkType, acc.ID))
 	render.JSONStatus(w, acc, httpStatus)
 }
 
 // GetOrUpdateAccount is the api for updating an ACME account.
-func (h *Handler) GetOrUpdateAccount(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+func GetOrUpdateAccount(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	ctx := r.Context()
 	acc, err := accountFromContext(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -187,16 +189,18 @@ func (h *Handler) GetOrUpdateAccount(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 				acc.Contact = uar.Contact
 			}
 
-			if err := h.db.UpdateAccount(ctx, acc); err != nil {
+			db := acme.MustFromContext(ctx)
+			if err := db.UpdateAccount(ctx, acc); err != nil {
 				render.Error(w, acme.WrapErrorISE(err, "error updating account"))
 				return
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	h.linker.LinkAccount(ctx, acc)
+	o := optionsFromContext(ctx)
+	o.linker.LinkAccount(ctx, acc)
 
-	w.Header().Set("Location", h.linker.GetLink(ctx, AccountLinkType, acc.ID))
+	w.Header().Set("Location", o.linker.GetLink(ctx, AccountLinkType, acc.ID))
 	render.JSON(w, acc)
 }
 
@@ -210,7 +214,7 @@ func logOrdersByAccount(w http.ResponseWriter, oids []string) {
 }
 
 // GetOrdersByAccountID ACME api for retrieving the list of order urls belonging to an account.
-func (h *Handler) GetOrdersByAccountID(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+func GetOrdersByAccountID(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	ctx := r.Context()
 	acc, err := accountFromContext(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -222,13 +226,16 @@ func (h *Handler) GetOrdersByAccountID(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		render.Error(w, acme.NewError(acme.ErrorUnauthorizedType, "account ID '%s' does not match url param '%s'", acc.ID, accID))
 		return
 	}
-	orders, err := h.db.GetOrdersByAccountID(ctx, acc.ID)
+
+	db := acme.MustFromContext(ctx)
+	orders, err := db.GetOrdersByAccountID(ctx, acc.ID)
 	if err != nil {
 		render.Error(w, err)
 		return
 	}
 
-	h.linker.LinkOrdersByAccountID(ctx, orders)
+	o := optionsFromContext(ctx)
+	o.linker.LinkOrdersByAccountID(ctx, orders)
 
 	render.JSON(w, orders)
 	logOrdersByAccount(w, orders)
diff --git a/acme/api/eab.go b/acme/api/eab.go
index 3660d066..2c94a4ed 100644
--- a/acme/api/eab.go
+++ b/acme/api/eab.go
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ type ExternalAccountBinding struct {
 }
 
 // validateExternalAccountBinding validates the externalAccountBinding property in a call to new-account.
-func (h *Handler) validateExternalAccountBinding(ctx context.Context, nar *NewAccountRequest) (*acme.ExternalAccountKey, error) {
+func validateExternalAccountBinding(ctx context.Context, nar *NewAccountRequest) (*acme.ExternalAccountKey, error) {
 	acmeProv, err := acmeProvisionerFromContext(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, acme.WrapErrorISE(err, "could not load ACME provisioner from context")
@@ -47,7 +47,8 @@ func (h *Handler) validateExternalAccountBinding(ctx context.Context, nar *NewAc
 		return nil, acmeErr
 	}
 
-	externalAccountKey, err := h.db.GetExternalAccountKey(ctx, acmeProv.ID, keyID)
+	db := acme.MustFromContext(ctx)
+	externalAccountKey, err := db.GetExternalAccountKey(ctx, acmeProv.ID, keyID)
 	if err != nil {
 		if _, ok := err.(*acme.Error); ok {
 			return nil, acme.WrapError(acme.ErrorUnauthorizedType, err, "the field 'kid' references an unknown key")
diff --git a/acme/api/handler.go b/acme/api/handler.go
index 10eb22cb..04680656 100644
--- a/acme/api/handler.go
+++ b/acme/api/handler.go
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/acme"
 	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/api"
 	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/api/render"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/authority"
 	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/authority/provisioner"
 )
 
@@ -39,38 +40,89 @@ type payloadInfo struct {
 	isEmptyJSON bool
 }
 
-// Handler is the ACME API request handler.
-type Handler struct {
-	db                       acme.DB
-	backdate                 provisioner.Duration
-	ca                       acme.CertificateAuthority
-	linker                   Linker
-	validateChallengeOptions *acme.ValidateChallengeOptions
-	prerequisitesChecker     func(ctx context.Context) (bool, error)
-}
-
 // HandlerOptions required to create a new ACME API request handler.
 type HandlerOptions struct {
-	Backdate provisioner.Duration
 	// DB storage backend that impements the acme.DB interface.
+	//
+	// Deprecated: use acme.NewContex(context.Context, acme.DB)
 	DB acme.DB
+
+	// CA is the certificate authority interface.
+	//
+	// Deprecated: use authority.NewContext(context.Context, *authority.Authority)
+	CA acme.CertificateAuthority
+
+	// Backdate is the duration that the CA will substract from the current time
+	// to set the NotBefore in the certificate.
+	Backdate provisioner.Duration
+
 	// DNS the host used to generate accurate ACME links. By default the authority
 	// will use the Host from the request, so this value will only be used if
 	// request.Host is empty.
 	DNS string
+
 	// Prefix is a URL path prefix under which the ACME api is served. This
 	// prefix is required to generate accurate ACME links.
 	// E.g. https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/my-acme-provisioner/new-account --
 	// "acme" is the prefix from which the ACME api is accessed.
 	Prefix string
-	CA     acme.CertificateAuthority
+
 	// PrerequisitesChecker checks if all prerequisites for serving ACME are
 	// met by the CA configuration.
 	PrerequisitesChecker func(ctx context.Context) (bool, error)
+
+	linker                   Linker
+	validateChallengeOptions *acme.ValidateChallengeOptions
+}
+
+type optionsKey struct{}
+
+func newOptionsContext(ctx context.Context, o *HandlerOptions) context.Context {
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, optionsKey{}, o)
+}
+
+func optionsFromContext(ctx context.Context) *HandlerOptions {
+	o, ok := ctx.Value(optionsKey{}).(*HandlerOptions)
+	if !ok {
+		panic("handler options are not in the context")
+	}
+	return o
+}
+
+var mustAuthority = func(ctx context.Context) acme.CertificateAuthority {
+	return authority.MustFromContext(ctx)
+}
+
+// Handler is the ACME API request handler.
+type Handler struct {
+	opts *HandlerOptions
+}
+
+// Route traffic and implement the Router interface.
+//
+// Deprecated: Use api.Route(r Router, opts *HandlerOptions)
+func (h *Handler) Route(r api.Router) {
+	Route(r, h.opts)
 }
 
 // NewHandler returns a new ACME API handler.
+//
+// Deprecated: Use api.Route(r Router, opts *HandlerOptions)
 func NewHandler(ops HandlerOptions) api.RouterHandler {
+	return &Handler{
+		opts: &ops,
+	}
+}
+
+// Route traffic and implement the Router interface.
+func Route(r api.Router, opts *HandlerOptions) {
+	// by default all prerequisites are met
+	if opts.PrerequisitesChecker == nil {
+		opts.PrerequisitesChecker = func(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
+			return true, nil
+		}
+	}
+
 	transport := &http.Transport{
 		TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{
 			InsecureSkipVerify: true,
@@ -83,67 +135,85 @@ func NewHandler(ops HandlerOptions) api.RouterHandler {
 	dialer := &net.Dialer{
 		Timeout: 30 * time.Second,
 	}
-	prerequisitesChecker := func(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
-		// by default all prerequisites are met
-		return true, nil
-	}
-	if ops.PrerequisitesChecker != nil {
-		prerequisitesChecker = ops.PrerequisitesChecker
-	}
-	return &Handler{
-		ca:       ops.CA,
-		db:       ops.DB,
-		backdate: ops.Backdate,
-		linker:   NewLinker(ops.DNS, ops.Prefix),
-		validateChallengeOptions: &acme.ValidateChallengeOptions{
-			HTTPGet:   client.Get,
-			LookupTxt: net.LookupTXT,
-			TLSDial: func(network, addr string, config *tls.Config) (*tls.Conn, error) {
-				return tls.DialWithDialer(dialer, network, addr, config)
-			},
-		},
-		prerequisitesChecker: prerequisitesChecker,
-	}
-}
 
-// Route traffic and implement the Router interface.
-func (h *Handler) Route(r api.Router) {
-	getPath := h.linker.GetUnescapedPathSuffix
-	// Standard ACME API
-	r.MethodFunc("GET", getPath(NewNonceLinkType, "{provisionerID}"), h.baseURLFromRequest(h.lookupProvisioner(h.checkPrerequisites(h.addNonce(h.addDirLink(h.GetNonce))))))
-	r.MethodFunc("HEAD", getPath(NewNonceLinkType, "{provisionerID}"), h.baseURLFromRequest(h.lookupProvisioner(h.checkPrerequisites(h.addNonce(h.addDirLink(h.GetNonce))))))
-	r.MethodFunc("GET", getPath(DirectoryLinkType, "{provisionerID}"), h.baseURLFromRequest(h.lookupProvisioner(h.checkPrerequisites(h.GetDirectory))))
-	r.MethodFunc("HEAD", getPath(DirectoryLinkType, "{provisionerID}"), h.baseURLFromRequest(h.lookupProvisioner(h.checkPrerequisites(h.GetDirectory))))
+	opts.linker = NewLinker(opts.DNS, opts.Prefix)
+	opts.validateChallengeOptions = &acme.ValidateChallengeOptions{
+		HTTPGet:   client.Get,
+		LookupTxt: net.LookupTXT,
+		TLSDial: func(network, addr string, config *tls.Config) (*tls.Conn, error) {
+			return tls.DialWithDialer(dialer, network, addr, config)
+		},
+	}
+
+	withOptions := func(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
+		return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			ctx := r.Context()
+
+			// For backward compatibility with NewHandler.
+			if ca, ok := opts.CA.(*authority.Authority); ok && ca != nil {
+				ctx = authority.NewContext(ctx, ca)
+			}
+			if opts.DB != nil {
+				ctx = acme.NewContext(ctx, opts.DB)
+			}
+
+			ctx = newOptionsContext(ctx, opts)
+			next(w, r.WithContext(ctx))
+		}
+	}
 
 	validatingMiddleware := func(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
-		return h.baseURLFromRequest(h.lookupProvisioner(h.checkPrerequisites(h.addNonce(h.addDirLink(h.verifyContentType(h.parseJWS(h.validateJWS(next))))))))
+		return withOptions(baseURLFromRequest(lookupProvisioner(checkPrerequisites(addNonce(addDirLink(verifyContentType(parseJWS(validateJWS(next)))))))))
 	}
 	extractPayloadByJWK := func(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
-		return validatingMiddleware(h.extractJWK(h.verifyAndExtractJWSPayload(next)))
+		return withOptions(validatingMiddleware(extractJWK(verifyAndExtractJWSPayload(next))))
 	}
 	extractPayloadByKid := func(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
-		return validatingMiddleware(h.lookupJWK(h.verifyAndExtractJWSPayload(next)))
+		return withOptions(validatingMiddleware(lookupJWK(verifyAndExtractJWSPayload(next))))
 	}
 	extractPayloadByKidOrJWK := func(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
-		return validatingMiddleware(h.extractOrLookupJWK(h.verifyAndExtractJWSPayload(next)))
+		return withOptions(validatingMiddleware(extractOrLookupJWK(verifyAndExtractJWSPayload(next))))
 	}
 
-	r.MethodFunc("POST", getPath(NewAccountLinkType, "{provisionerID}"), extractPayloadByJWK(h.NewAccount))
-	r.MethodFunc("POST", getPath(AccountLinkType, "{provisionerID}", "{accID}"), extractPayloadByKid(h.GetOrUpdateAccount))
-	r.MethodFunc("POST", getPath(KeyChangeLinkType, "{provisionerID}", "{accID}"), extractPayloadByKid(h.NotImplemented))
-	r.MethodFunc("POST", getPath(NewOrderLinkType, "{provisionerID}"), extractPayloadByKid(h.NewOrder))
-	r.MethodFunc("POST", getPath(OrderLinkType, "{provisionerID}", "{ordID}"), extractPayloadByKid(h.isPostAsGet(h.GetOrder)))
-	r.MethodFunc("POST", getPath(OrdersByAccountLinkType, "{provisionerID}", "{accID}"), extractPayloadByKid(h.isPostAsGet(h.GetOrdersByAccountID)))
-	r.MethodFunc("POST", getPath(FinalizeLinkType, "{provisionerID}", "{ordID}"), extractPayloadByKid(h.FinalizeOrder))
-	r.MethodFunc("POST", getPath(AuthzLinkType, "{provisionerID}", "{authzID}"), extractPayloadByKid(h.isPostAsGet(h.GetAuthorization)))
-	r.MethodFunc("POST", getPath(ChallengeLinkType, "{provisionerID}", "{authzID}", "{chID}"), extractPayloadByKid(h.GetChallenge))
-	r.MethodFunc("POST", getPath(CertificateLinkType, "{provisionerID}", "{certID}"), extractPayloadByKid(h.isPostAsGet(h.GetCertificate)))
-	r.MethodFunc("POST", getPath(RevokeCertLinkType, "{provisionerID}"), extractPayloadByKidOrJWK(h.RevokeCert))
+	getPath := opts.linker.GetUnescapedPathSuffix
+
+	// Standard ACME API
+	r.MethodFunc("GET", getPath(NewNonceLinkType, "{provisionerID}"),
+		withOptions(baseURLFromRequest(lookupProvisioner(checkPrerequisites(addNonce(addDirLink(GetNonce)))))))
+	r.MethodFunc("HEAD", getPath(NewNonceLinkType, "{provisionerID}"),
+		withOptions(baseURLFromRequest(lookupProvisioner(checkPrerequisites(addNonce(addDirLink(GetNonce)))))))
+	r.MethodFunc("GET", getPath(DirectoryLinkType, "{provisionerID}"),
+		withOptions(baseURLFromRequest(lookupProvisioner(checkPrerequisites(GetDirectory)))))
+	r.MethodFunc("HEAD", getPath(DirectoryLinkType, "{provisionerID}"),
+		withOptions(baseURLFromRequest(lookupProvisioner(checkPrerequisites(GetDirectory)))))
+
+	r.MethodFunc("POST", getPath(NewAccountLinkType, "{provisionerID}"),
+		extractPayloadByJWK(NewAccount))
+	r.MethodFunc("POST", getPath(AccountLinkType, "{provisionerID}", "{accID}"),
+		extractPayloadByKid(GetOrUpdateAccount))
+	r.MethodFunc("POST", getPath(KeyChangeLinkType, "{provisionerID}", "{accID}"),
+		extractPayloadByKid(NotImplemented))
+	r.MethodFunc("POST", getPath(NewOrderLinkType, "{provisionerID}"),
+		extractPayloadByKid(NewOrder))
+	r.MethodFunc("POST", getPath(OrderLinkType, "{provisionerID}", "{ordID}"),
+		extractPayloadByKid(isPostAsGet(GetOrder)))
+	r.MethodFunc("POST", getPath(OrdersByAccountLinkType, "{provisionerID}", "{accID}"),
+		extractPayloadByKid(isPostAsGet(GetOrdersByAccountID)))
+	r.MethodFunc("POST", getPath(FinalizeLinkType, "{provisionerID}", "{ordID}"),
+		extractPayloadByKid(FinalizeOrder))
+	r.MethodFunc("POST", getPath(AuthzLinkType, "{provisionerID}", "{authzID}"),
+		extractPayloadByKid(isPostAsGet(GetAuthorization)))
+	r.MethodFunc("POST", getPath(ChallengeLinkType, "{provisionerID}", "{authzID}", "{chID}"),
+		extractPayloadByKid(GetChallenge))
+	r.MethodFunc("POST", getPath(CertificateLinkType, "{provisionerID}", "{certID}"),
+		extractPayloadByKid(isPostAsGet(GetCertificate)))
+	r.MethodFunc("POST", getPath(RevokeCertLinkType, "{provisionerID}"),
+		extractPayloadByKidOrJWK(RevokeCert))
 }
 
 // GetNonce just sets the right header since a Nonce is added to each response
 // by middleware by default.
-func (h *Handler) GetNonce(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+func GetNonce(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	if r.Method == "HEAD" {
 		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
 	} else {
@@ -179,8 +249,10 @@ func (d *Directory) ToLog() (interface{}, error) {
 
 // GetDirectory is the ACME resource for returning a directory configuration
 // for client configuration.
-func (h *Handler) GetDirectory(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+func GetDirectory(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	ctx := r.Context()
+	o := optionsFromContext(ctx)
+
 	acmeProv, err := acmeProvisionerFromContext(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		render.Error(w, err)
@@ -188,11 +260,11 @@ func (h *Handler) GetDirectory(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	}
 
 	render.JSON(w, &Directory{
-		NewNonce:   h.linker.GetLink(ctx, NewNonceLinkType),
-		NewAccount: h.linker.GetLink(ctx, NewAccountLinkType),
-		NewOrder:   h.linker.GetLink(ctx, NewOrderLinkType),
-		RevokeCert: h.linker.GetLink(ctx, RevokeCertLinkType),
-		KeyChange:  h.linker.GetLink(ctx, KeyChangeLinkType),
+		NewNonce:   o.linker.GetLink(ctx, NewNonceLinkType),
+		NewAccount: o.linker.GetLink(ctx, NewAccountLinkType),
+		NewOrder:   o.linker.GetLink(ctx, NewOrderLinkType),
+		RevokeCert: o.linker.GetLink(ctx, RevokeCertLinkType),
+		KeyChange:  o.linker.GetLink(ctx, KeyChangeLinkType),
 		Meta: Meta{
 			ExternalAccountRequired: acmeProv.RequireEAB,
 		},
@@ -201,19 +273,22 @@ func (h *Handler) GetDirectory(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 // NotImplemented returns a 501 and is generally a placeholder for functionality which
 // MAY be added at some point in the future but is not in any way a guarantee of such.
-func (h *Handler) NotImplemented(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+func NotImplemented(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	render.Error(w, acme.NewError(acme.ErrorNotImplementedType, "this API is not implemented"))
 }
 
 // GetAuthorization ACME api for retrieving an Authz.
-func (h *Handler) GetAuthorization(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+func GetAuthorization(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	ctx := r.Context()
+	o := optionsFromContext(ctx)
+	db := acme.MustFromContext(ctx)
+
 	acc, err := accountFromContext(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		render.Error(w, err)
 		return
 	}
-	az, err := h.db.GetAuthorization(ctx, chi.URLParam(r, "authzID"))
+	az, err := db.GetAuthorization(ctx, chi.URLParam(r, "authzID"))
 	if err != nil {
 		render.Error(w, acme.WrapErrorISE(err, "error retrieving authorization"))
 		return
@@ -223,20 +298,23 @@ func (h *Handler) GetAuthorization(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			"account '%s' does not own authorization '%s'", acc.ID, az.ID))
 		return
 	}
-	if err = az.UpdateStatus(ctx, h.db); err != nil {
+	if err = az.UpdateStatus(ctx, db); err != nil {
 		render.Error(w, acme.WrapErrorISE(err, "error updating authorization status"))
 		return
 	}
 
-	h.linker.LinkAuthorization(ctx, az)
+	o.linker.LinkAuthorization(ctx, az)
 
-	w.Header().Set("Location", h.linker.GetLink(ctx, AuthzLinkType, az.ID))
+	w.Header().Set("Location", o.linker.GetLink(ctx, AuthzLinkType, az.ID))
 	render.JSON(w, az)
 }
 
 // GetChallenge ACME api for retrieving a Challenge.
-func (h *Handler) GetChallenge(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+func GetChallenge(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	ctx := r.Context()
+	o := optionsFromContext(ctx)
+	db := acme.MustFromContext(ctx)
+
 	acc, err := accountFromContext(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		render.Error(w, err)
@@ -257,7 +335,7 @@ func (h *Handler) GetChallenge(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	// we'll just ignore the body.
 
 	azID := chi.URLParam(r, "authzID")
-	ch, err := h.db.GetChallenge(ctx, chi.URLParam(r, "chID"), azID)
+	ch, err := db.GetChallenge(ctx, chi.URLParam(r, "chID"), azID)
 	if err != nil {
 		render.Error(w, acme.WrapErrorISE(err, "error retrieving challenge"))
 		return
@@ -273,29 +351,31 @@ func (h *Handler) GetChallenge(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		render.Error(w, err)
 		return
 	}
-	if err = ch.Validate(ctx, h.db, jwk, h.validateChallengeOptions); err != nil {
+	if err = ch.Validate(ctx, db, jwk, o.validateChallengeOptions); err != nil {
 		render.Error(w, acme.WrapErrorISE(err, "error validating challenge"))
 		return
 	}
 
-	h.linker.LinkChallenge(ctx, ch, azID)
+	o.linker.LinkChallenge(ctx, ch, azID)
 
-	w.Header().Add("Link", link(h.linker.GetLink(ctx, AuthzLinkType, azID), "up"))
-	w.Header().Set("Location", h.linker.GetLink(ctx, ChallengeLinkType, azID, ch.ID))
+	w.Header().Add("Link", link(o.linker.GetLink(ctx, AuthzLinkType, azID), "up"))
+	w.Header().Set("Location", o.linker.GetLink(ctx, ChallengeLinkType, azID, ch.ID))
 	render.JSON(w, ch)
 }
 
 // GetCertificate ACME api for retrieving a Certificate.
-func (h *Handler) GetCertificate(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+func GetCertificate(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	ctx := r.Context()
+	db := acme.MustFromContext(ctx)
+
 	acc, err := accountFromContext(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		render.Error(w, err)
 		return
 	}
-	certID := chi.URLParam(r, "certID")
 
-	cert, err := h.db.GetCertificate(ctx, certID)
+	certID := chi.URLParam(r, "certID")
+	cert, err := db.GetCertificate(ctx, certID)
 	if err != nil {
 		render.Error(w, acme.WrapErrorISE(err, "error retrieving certificate"))
 		return
diff --git a/acme/api/middleware.go b/acme/api/middleware.go
index 10f7841f..564a16f5 100644
--- a/acme/api/middleware.go
+++ b/acme/api/middleware.go
@@ -31,15 +31,15 @@ func logNonce(w http.ResponseWriter, nonce string) {
 	}
 }
 
-// baseURLFromRequest determines the base URL which should be used for
+// getBaseURLFromRequest determines the base URL which should be used for
 // constructing link URLs in e.g. the ACME directory result by taking the
 // request Host into consideration.
 //
 // If the Request.Host is an empty string, we return an empty string, to
 // indicate that the configured URL values should be used instead.  If this
-// function returns a non-empty result, then this should be used in
-// constructing ACME link URLs.
-func baseURLFromRequest(r *http.Request) *url.URL {
+// function returns a non-empty result, then this should be used in constructing
+// ACME link URLs.
+func getBaseURLFromRequest(r *http.Request) *url.URL {
 	// NOTE: See https://github.com/letsencrypt/boulder/blob/master/web/relative.go
 	// for an implementation that allows HTTP requests using the x-forwarded-proto
 	// header.
@@ -53,17 +53,18 @@ func baseURLFromRequest(r *http.Request) *url.URL {
 // baseURLFromRequest is a middleware that extracts and caches the baseURL
 // from the request.
 // E.g. https://ca.smallstep.com/
-func (h *Handler) baseURLFromRequest(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
+func baseURLFromRequest(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		ctx := context.WithValue(r.Context(), baseURLContextKey, baseURLFromRequest(r))
+		ctx := context.WithValue(r.Context(), baseURLContextKey, getBaseURLFromRequest(r))
 		next(w, r.WithContext(ctx))
 	}
 }
 
 // addNonce is a middleware that adds a nonce to the response header.
-func (h *Handler) addNonce(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
+func addNonce(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		nonce, err := h.db.CreateNonce(r.Context())
+		db := acme.MustFromContext(r.Context())
+		nonce, err := db.CreateNonce(r.Context())
 		if err != nil {
 			render.Error(w, err)
 			return
@@ -77,25 +78,31 @@ func (h *Handler) addNonce(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
 
 // addDirLink is a middleware that adds a 'Link' response reader with the
 // directory index url.
-func (h *Handler) addDirLink(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
+func addDirLink(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		w.Header().Add("Link", link(h.linker.GetLink(r.Context(), DirectoryLinkType), "index"))
+		ctx := r.Context()
+		opts := optionsFromContext(ctx)
+
+		w.Header().Add("Link", link(opts.linker.GetLink(ctx, DirectoryLinkType), "index"))
 		next(w, r)
 	}
 }
 
 // verifyContentType is a middleware that verifies that content type is
 // application/jose+json.
-func (h *Handler) verifyContentType(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
+func verifyContentType(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		var expected []string
-		p, err := provisionerFromContext(r.Context())
+		ctx := r.Context()
+		opts := optionsFromContext(ctx)
+
+		p, err := provisionerFromContext(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
 			render.Error(w, err)
 			return
 		}
 
-		u := url.URL{Path: h.linker.GetUnescapedPathSuffix(CertificateLinkType, p.GetName(), "")}
+		u := url.URL{Path: opts.linker.GetUnescapedPathSuffix(CertificateLinkType, p.GetName(), "")}
 		if strings.Contains(r.URL.String(), u.EscapedPath()) {
 			// GET /certificate requests allow a greater range of content types.
 			expected = []string{"application/jose+json", "application/pkix-cert", "application/pkcs7-mime"}
@@ -117,7 +124,7 @@ func (h *Handler) verifyContentType(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
 }
 
 // parseJWS is a middleware that parses a request body into a JSONWebSignature struct.
-func (h *Handler) parseJWS(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
+func parseJWS(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		body, err := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -149,10 +156,12 @@ func (h *Handler) parseJWS(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
 //   * “nonce” (defined in Section 6.5)
 //   * “url” (defined in Section 6.4)
 //   * Either “jwk” (JSON Web Key) or “kid” (Key ID) as specified below<Paste>
-func (h *Handler) validateJWS(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
+func validateJWS(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		ctx := r.Context()
-		jws, err := jwsFromContext(r.Context())
+		db := acme.MustFromContext(ctx)
+
+		jws, err := jwsFromContext(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
 			render.Error(w, err)
 			return
@@ -202,7 +211,7 @@ func (h *Handler) validateJWS(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
 		}
 
 		// Check the validity/freshness of the Nonce.
-		if err := h.db.DeleteNonce(ctx, acme.Nonce(hdr.Nonce)); err != nil {
+		if err := db.DeleteNonce(ctx, acme.Nonce(hdr.Nonce)); err != nil {
 			render.Error(w, err)
 			return
 		}
@@ -235,10 +244,12 @@ func (h *Handler) validateJWS(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
 // extractJWK is a middleware that extracts the JWK from the JWS and saves it
 // in the context. Make sure to parse and validate the JWS before running this
 // middleware.
-func (h *Handler) extractJWK(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
+func extractJWK(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		ctx := r.Context()
-		jws, err := jwsFromContext(r.Context())
+		db := acme.MustFromContext(ctx)
+
+		jws, err := jwsFromContext(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
 			render.Error(w, err)
 			return
@@ -264,7 +275,7 @@ func (h *Handler) extractJWK(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
 		ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, jwkContextKey, jwk)
 
 		// Get Account OR continue to generate a new one OR continue Revoke with certificate private key
-		acc, err := h.db.GetAccountByKeyID(ctx, jwk.KeyID)
+		acc, err := db.GetAccountByKeyID(ctx, jwk.KeyID)
 		switch {
 		case errors.Is(err, acme.ErrNotFound):
 			// For NewAccount and Revoke requests ...
@@ -285,7 +296,7 @@ func (h *Handler) extractJWK(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
 
 // lookupProvisioner loads the provisioner associated with the request.
 // Responds 404 if the provisioner does not exist.
-func (h *Handler) lookupProvisioner(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
+func lookupProvisioner(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		ctx := r.Context()
 		nameEscaped := chi.URLParam(r, "provisionerID")
@@ -294,7 +305,7 @@ func (h *Handler) lookupProvisioner(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
 			render.Error(w, acme.WrapErrorISE(err, "error url unescaping provisioner name '%s'", nameEscaped))
 			return
 		}
-		p, err := h.ca.LoadProvisionerByName(name)
+		p, err := mustAuthority(r.Context()).LoadProvisionerByName(name)
 		if err != nil {
 			render.Error(w, err)
 			return
@@ -311,10 +322,12 @@ func (h *Handler) lookupProvisioner(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
 
 // checkPrerequisites checks if all prerequisites for serving ACME
 // are met by the CA configuration.
-func (h *Handler) checkPrerequisites(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
+func checkPrerequisites(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		ctx := r.Context()
-		ok, err := h.prerequisitesChecker(ctx)
+		opts := optionsFromContext(ctx)
+
+		ok, err := opts.PrerequisitesChecker(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
 			render.Error(w, acme.WrapErrorISE(err, "error checking acme provisioner prerequisites"))
 			return
@@ -330,16 +343,19 @@ func (h *Handler) checkPrerequisites(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
 // lookupJWK loads the JWK associated with the acme account referenced by the
 // kid parameter of the signed payload.
 // Make sure to parse and validate the JWS before running this middleware.
-func (h *Handler) lookupJWK(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
+func lookupJWK(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		ctx := r.Context()
+		opts := optionsFromContext(ctx)
+		db := acme.MustFromContext(ctx)
+
 		jws, err := jwsFromContext(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
 			render.Error(w, err)
 			return
 		}
 
-		kidPrefix := h.linker.GetLink(ctx, AccountLinkType, "")
+		kidPrefix := opts.linker.GetLink(ctx, AccountLinkType, "")
 		kid := jws.Signatures[0].Protected.KeyID
 		if !strings.HasPrefix(kid, kidPrefix) {
 			render.Error(w, acme.NewError(acme.ErrorMalformedType,
@@ -349,7 +365,7 @@ func (h *Handler) lookupJWK(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
 		}
 
 		accID := strings.TrimPrefix(kid, kidPrefix)
-		acc, err := h.db.GetAccount(ctx, accID)
+		acc, err := db.GetAccount(ctx, accID)
 		switch {
 		case nosql.IsErrNotFound(err):
 			render.Error(w, acme.NewError(acme.ErrorAccountDoesNotExistType, "account with ID '%s' not found", accID))
@@ -372,7 +388,7 @@ func (h *Handler) lookupJWK(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
 
 // extractOrLookupJWK forwards handling to either extractJWK or
 // lookupJWK based on the presence of a JWK or a KID, respectively.
-func (h *Handler) extractOrLookupJWK(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
+func extractOrLookupJWK(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		ctx := r.Context()
 		jws, err := jwsFromContext(ctx)
@@ -385,13 +401,13 @@ func (h *Handler) extractOrLookupJWK(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
 		// and it can be used to check if a JWK exists. This flow is used when the ACME client
 		// signed the payload with a certificate private key.
 		if canExtractJWKFrom(jws) {
-			h.extractJWK(next)(w, r)
+			extractJWK(next)(w, r)
 			return
 		}
 
 		// default to looking up the JWK based on KeyID. This flow is used when the ACME client
 		// signed the payload with an account private key.
-		h.lookupJWK(next)(w, r)
+		lookupJWK(next)(w, r)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -408,7 +424,7 @@ func canExtractJWKFrom(jws *jose.JSONWebSignature) bool {
 
 // verifyAndExtractJWSPayload extracts the JWK from the JWS and saves it in the context.
 // Make sure to parse and validate the JWS before running this middleware.
-func (h *Handler) verifyAndExtractJWSPayload(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
+func verifyAndExtractJWSPayload(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		ctx := r.Context()
 		jws, err := jwsFromContext(ctx)
@@ -440,7 +456,7 @@ func (h *Handler) verifyAndExtractJWSPayload(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
 }
 
 // isPostAsGet asserts that the request is a PostAsGet (empty JWS payload).
-func (h *Handler) isPostAsGet(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
+func isPostAsGet(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		payload, err := payloadFromContext(r.Context())
 		if err != nil {
diff --git a/acme/api/order.go b/acme/api/order.go
index 99eb0e95..ebd0c7f5 100644
--- a/acme/api/order.go
+++ b/acme/api/order.go
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ var defaultOrderExpiry = time.Hour * 24
 var defaultOrderBackdate = time.Minute
 
 // NewOrder ACME api for creating a new order.
-func (h *Handler) NewOrder(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+func NewOrder(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	ctx := r.Context()
 	acc, err := accountFromContext(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ func (h *Handler) NewOrder(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			ExpiresAt:  o.ExpiresAt,
 			Status:     acme.StatusPending,
 		}
-		if err := h.newAuthorization(ctx, az); err != nil {
+		if err := newAuthorization(ctx, az); err != nil {
 			render.Error(w, err)
 			return
 		}
@@ -136,18 +136,20 @@ func (h *Handler) NewOrder(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		o.NotBefore = o.NotBefore.Add(-defaultOrderBackdate)
 	}
 
-	if err := h.db.CreateOrder(ctx, o); err != nil {
+	db := acme.MustFromContext(ctx)
+	if err := db.CreateOrder(ctx, o); err != nil {
 		render.Error(w, acme.WrapErrorISE(err, "error creating order"))
 		return
 	}
 
-	h.linker.LinkOrder(ctx, o)
+	opts := optionsFromContext(ctx)
+	opts.linker.LinkOrder(ctx, o)
 
-	w.Header().Set("Location", h.linker.GetLink(ctx, OrderLinkType, o.ID))
+	w.Header().Set("Location", opts.linker.GetLink(ctx, OrderLinkType, o.ID))
 	render.JSONStatus(w, o, http.StatusCreated)
 }
 
-func (h *Handler) newAuthorization(ctx context.Context, az *acme.Authorization) error {
+func newAuthorization(ctx context.Context, az *acme.Authorization) error {
 	if strings.HasPrefix(az.Identifier.Value, "*.") {
 		az.Wildcard = true
 		az.Identifier = acme.Identifier{
@@ -163,6 +165,8 @@ func (h *Handler) newAuthorization(ctx context.Context, az *acme.Authorization)
 	if err != nil {
 		return acme.WrapErrorISE(err, "error generating random alphanumeric ID")
 	}
+
+	db := acme.MustFromContext(ctx)
 	az.Challenges = make([]*acme.Challenge, len(chTypes))
 	for i, typ := range chTypes {
 		ch := &acme.Challenge{
@@ -172,19 +176,19 @@ func (h *Handler) newAuthorization(ctx context.Context, az *acme.Authorization)
 			Token:     az.Token,
 			Status:    acme.StatusPending,
 		}
-		if err := h.db.CreateChallenge(ctx, ch); err != nil {
+		if err := db.CreateChallenge(ctx, ch); err != nil {
 			return acme.WrapErrorISE(err, "error creating challenge")
 		}
 		az.Challenges[i] = ch
 	}
-	if err = h.db.CreateAuthorization(ctx, az); err != nil {
+	if err = db.CreateAuthorization(ctx, az); err != nil {
 		return acme.WrapErrorISE(err, "error creating authorization")
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
 // GetOrder ACME api for retrieving an order.
-func (h *Handler) GetOrder(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+func GetOrder(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	ctx := r.Context()
 	acc, err := accountFromContext(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -196,7 +200,9 @@ func (h *Handler) GetOrder(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		render.Error(w, err)
 		return
 	}
-	o, err := h.db.GetOrder(ctx, chi.URLParam(r, "ordID"))
+
+	db := acme.MustFromContext(ctx)
+	o, err := db.GetOrder(ctx, chi.URLParam(r, "ordID"))
 	if err != nil {
 		render.Error(w, acme.WrapErrorISE(err, "error retrieving order"))
 		return
@@ -211,19 +217,20 @@ func (h *Handler) GetOrder(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			"provisioner '%s' does not own order '%s'", prov.GetID(), o.ID))
 		return
 	}
-	if err = o.UpdateStatus(ctx, h.db); err != nil {
+	if err = o.UpdateStatus(ctx, db); err != nil {
 		render.Error(w, acme.WrapErrorISE(err, "error updating order status"))
 		return
 	}
 
-	h.linker.LinkOrder(ctx, o)
+	opts := optionsFromContext(ctx)
+	opts.linker.LinkOrder(ctx, o)
 
-	w.Header().Set("Location", h.linker.GetLink(ctx, OrderLinkType, o.ID))
+	w.Header().Set("Location", opts.linker.GetLink(ctx, OrderLinkType, o.ID))
 	render.JSON(w, o)
 }
 
 // FinalizeOrder attemptst to finalize an order and create a certificate.
-func (h *Handler) FinalizeOrder(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+func FinalizeOrder(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	ctx := r.Context()
 	acc, err := accountFromContext(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -251,7 +258,8 @@ func (h *Handler) FinalizeOrder(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	o, err := h.db.GetOrder(ctx, chi.URLParam(r, "ordID"))
+	db := acme.MustFromContext(ctx)
+	o, err := db.GetOrder(ctx, chi.URLParam(r, "ordID"))
 	if err != nil {
 		render.Error(w, acme.WrapErrorISE(err, "error retrieving order"))
 		return
@@ -266,14 +274,17 @@ func (h *Handler) FinalizeOrder(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			"provisioner '%s' does not own order '%s'", prov.GetID(), o.ID))
 		return
 	}
-	if err = o.Finalize(ctx, h.db, fr.csr, h.ca, prov); err != nil {
+
+	ca := mustAuthority(ctx)
+	if err = o.Finalize(ctx, db, fr.csr, ca, prov); err != nil {
 		render.Error(w, acme.WrapErrorISE(err, "error finalizing order"))
 		return
 	}
 
-	h.linker.LinkOrder(ctx, o)
+	opts := optionsFromContext(ctx)
+	opts.linker.LinkOrder(ctx, o)
 
-	w.Header().Set("Location", h.linker.GetLink(ctx, OrderLinkType, o.ID))
+	w.Header().Set("Location", opts.linker.GetLink(ctx, OrderLinkType, o.ID))
 	render.JSON(w, o)
 }
 
diff --git a/acme/api/revoke.go b/acme/api/revoke.go
index 4b71bc22..55774aea 100644
--- a/acme/api/revoke.go
+++ b/acme/api/revoke.go
@@ -26,8 +26,7 @@ type revokePayload struct {
 }
 
 // RevokeCert attempts to revoke a certificate.
-func (h *Handler) RevokeCert(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-
+func RevokeCert(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	ctx := r.Context()
 	jws, err := jwsFromContext(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -68,8 +67,9 @@ func (h *Handler) RevokeCert(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	db := acme.MustFromContext(ctx)
 	serial := certToBeRevoked.SerialNumber.String()
-	dbCert, err := h.db.GetCertificateBySerial(ctx, serial)
+	dbCert, err := db.GetCertificateBySerial(ctx, serial)
 	if err != nil {
 		render.Error(w, acme.WrapErrorISE(err, "error retrieving certificate by serial"))
 		return
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ func (h *Handler) RevokeCert(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			render.Error(w, err)
 			return
 		}
-		acmeErr := h.isAccountAuthorized(ctx, dbCert, certToBeRevoked, account)
+		acmeErr := isAccountAuthorized(ctx, dbCert, certToBeRevoked, account)
 		if acmeErr != nil {
 			render.Error(w, acmeErr)
 			return
@@ -103,7 +103,8 @@ func (h *Handler) RevokeCert(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	hasBeenRevokedBefore, err := h.ca.IsRevoked(serial)
+	ca := mustAuthority(ctx)
+	hasBeenRevokedBefore, err := ca.IsRevoked(serial)
 	if err != nil {
 		render.Error(w, acme.WrapErrorISE(err, "error retrieving revocation status of certificate"))
 		return
@@ -130,14 +131,15 @@ func (h *Handler) RevokeCert(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	}
 
 	options := revokeOptions(serial, certToBeRevoked, reasonCode)
-	err = h.ca.Revoke(ctx, options)
+	err = ca.Revoke(ctx, options)
 	if err != nil {
 		render.Error(w, wrapRevokeErr(err))
 		return
 	}
 
 	logRevoke(w, options)
-	w.Header().Add("Link", link(h.linker.GetLink(ctx, DirectoryLinkType), "index"))
+	o := optionsFromContext(ctx)
+	w.Header().Add("Link", link(o.linker.GetLink(ctx, DirectoryLinkType), "index"))
 	w.Write(nil)
 }
 
@@ -148,7 +150,7 @@ func (h *Handler) RevokeCert(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 // the identifiers in the certificate are extracted and compared against the (valid) Authorizations
 // that are stored for the ACME Account. If these sets match, the Account is considered authorized
 // to revoke the certificate. If this check fails, the client will receive an unauthorized error.
-func (h *Handler) isAccountAuthorized(ctx context.Context, dbCert *acme.Certificate, certToBeRevoked *x509.Certificate, account *acme.Account) *acme.Error {
+func isAccountAuthorized(ctx context.Context, dbCert *acme.Certificate, certToBeRevoked *x509.Certificate, account *acme.Account) *acme.Error {
 	if !account.IsValid() {
 		return wrapUnauthorizedError(certToBeRevoked, nil, fmt.Sprintf("account '%s' has status '%s'", account.ID, account.Status), nil)
 	}