plugin/cache: Fix prefetching issues (#1363)

* Improve plugin/cache metrics

* Add coredns_cache_prefetch_total metric to track number of prefetches.
* Remove unnecessary Cache.get() call which would incorrectly increment
  cache counters.
* Initialize all counters and gauges at zero.

* Allow prefetching of a single request per ttl

The original implementation didn't allow prefetching queries which are
only requested once during the duration of a TTL. The minimum amount of
queries which had to be seen was therefore capped at 2.

This change also implements a real prefetch test. The existing test was
a noop and always passed regardless of any prefetch implementation.

* Fix prefetching for items with a short TTL

The default prefetch threshold (percentage) is 10% of the lifetime of a
cache item. With the previous implementation, this disabled prefetching
for all items with a TTL < 10s (the resulting percentage would be 0, at
which point a cached item is already discarded).

This change uses a time based threshold calculation and ensures that
a prefetch is triggered at a TTL of 1 at the latest.

* Fix wrong duration reporting of cached responses

The logging and metrics plugins (among others) included the duration of
a cache prefetch in the request latency of client request. This change
fixes this wrong reporting and executes the prefetch request in a
goroutine in the background.

plugin/cache/fuzz.go

@@ -3,14 +3,10 @@
 package cache
 
 import (
-	"time"
-
 	"github.com/coredns/coredns/plugin/pkg/fuzz"
 )
 
 // Fuzz fuzzes cache.
 func Fuzz(data []byte) int {
-	c := &Cache{pcap: defaultCap, ncap: defaultCap, pttl: maxTTL, nttl: maxNTTL, prefetch: 0, duration: 1 * time.Minute}
-
-	return fuzz.Do(c, data)
+	return fuzz.Do(New(), data)
 }