diff --git a/reference/reference.go b/reference/reference.go
index 29b949aad..4723c3ecb 100644
--- a/reference/reference.go
+++ b/reference/reference.go
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@
 // Grammar
 //
 // 	reference                       := name [ ":" tag ] [ "@" digest ]
-//	name                            := [hostname '/'] component ['/' component]*
-//	hostname                        := hostcomponent ['.' hostcomponent]* [':' port-number]
-//	hostcomponent                   := /([a-zA-Z0-9]|[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9-]*[a-zA-Z0-9])/
+//	name                            := [domain '/'] path-component ['/' path-component]*
+//	domain                          := domain-component ['.' domain-component]* [':' port-number]
+//	domain-component                := /([a-zA-Z0-9]|[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9-]*[a-zA-Z0-9])/
 //	port-number                     := /[0-9]+/
-//	component                       := alpha-numeric [separator alpha-numeric]*
+//	path-component                  := alpha-numeric [separator alpha-numeric]*
 // 	alpha-numeric                   := /[a-z0-9]+/
 //	separator                       := /[_.]|__|[-]*/
 //
@@ -126,23 +126,56 @@ type Digested interface {
 }
 
 // Canonical reference is an object with a fully unique
-// name including a name with hostname and digest
+// name including a name with domain and digest
 type Canonical interface {
 	Named
 	Digest() digest.Digest
 }
 
+// NamedRepository is a reference to a repository with a name.
+// A NamedRepository has both domain and path components.
+type NamedRepository interface {
+	Named
+	Domain() string
+	Path() string
+}
+
+// Domain returns the domain part of the Named reference
+func Domain(named Named) string {
+	if r, ok := named.(NamedRepository); ok {
+		return r.Domain()
+	}
+	domain, _ := splitDomain(named.Name())
+	return domain
+}
+
+// Path returns the name without the domain part of the Named reference
+func Path(named Named) (name string) {
+	if r, ok := named.(NamedRepository); ok {
+		return r.Path()
+	}
+	_, path := splitDomain(named.Name())
+	return path
+}
+
+func splitDomain(name string) (string, string) {
+	match := anchoredNameRegexp.FindStringSubmatch(name)
+	if len(match) != 3 {
+		return "", name
+	}
+	return match[1], match[2]
+}
+
 // SplitHostname splits a named reference into a
 // hostname and name string. If no valid hostname is
 // found, the hostname is empty and the full value
 // is returned as name
+// DEPRECATED: Use Domain or Path
 func SplitHostname(named Named) (string, string) {
-	name := named.Name()
-	match := anchoredNameRegexp.FindStringSubmatch(name)
-	if len(match) != 3 {
-		return "", name
+	if r, ok := named.(NamedRepository); ok {
+		return r.Domain(), r.Path()
 	}
-	return match[1], match[2]
+	return splitDomain(named.Name())
 }
 
 // Parse parses s and returns a syntactically valid Reference.
@@ -164,9 +197,20 @@ func Parse(s string) (Reference, error) {
 		return nil, ErrNameTooLong
 	}
 
+	var repo repository
+
+	nameMatch := anchoredNameRegexp.FindStringSubmatch(matches[1])
+	if nameMatch != nil && len(nameMatch) == 3 {
+		repo.domain = nameMatch[1]
+		repo.path = nameMatch[2]
+	} else {
+		repo.domain = ""
+		repo.path = matches[1]
+	}
+
 	ref := reference{
-		name: matches[1],
-		tag:  matches[2],
+		repository: repo,
+		tag:        matches[2],
 	}
 	if matches[3] != "" {
 		var err error
@@ -207,10 +251,15 @@ func WithName(name string) (Named, error) {
 	if len(name) > NameTotalLengthMax {
 		return nil, ErrNameTooLong
 	}
-	if !anchoredNameRegexp.MatchString(name) {
+
+	match := anchoredNameRegexp.FindStringSubmatch(name)
+	if match == nil || len(match) != 3 {
 		return nil, ErrReferenceInvalidFormat
 	}
-	return repository(name), nil
+	return repository{
+		domain: match[1],
+		path:   match[2],
+	}, nil
 }
 
 // WithTag combines the name from "name" and the tag from "tag" to form a
@@ -219,16 +268,23 @@ func WithTag(name Named, tag string) (NamedTagged, error) {
 	if !anchoredTagRegexp.MatchString(tag) {
 		return nil, ErrTagInvalidFormat
 	}
+	var repo repository
+	if r, ok := name.(NamedRepository); ok {
+		repo.domain = r.Domain()
+		repo.path = r.Path()
+	} else {
+		repo.path = name.Name()
+	}
 	if canonical, ok := name.(Canonical); ok {
 		return reference{
-			name:   name.Name(),
+			repository: repo,
 			tag:    tag,
 			digest: canonical.Digest(),
 		}, nil
 	}
 	return taggedReference{
-		name: name.Name(),
-		tag:  tag,
+		repository: repo,
+		tag:        tag,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -238,16 +294,23 @@ func WithDigest(name Named, digest digest.Digest) (Canonical, error) {
 	if !anchoredDigestRegexp.MatchString(digest.String()) {
 		return nil, ErrDigestInvalidFormat
 	}
+	var repo repository
+	if r, ok := name.(NamedRepository); ok {
+		repo.domain = r.Domain()
+		repo.path = r.Path()
+	} else {
+		repo.path = name.Name()
+	}
 	if tagged, ok := name.(Tagged); ok {
 		return reference{
-			name:   name.Name(),
+			repository: repo,
 			tag:    tagged.Tag(),
 			digest: digest,
 		}, nil
 	}
 	return canonicalReference{
-		name:   name.Name(),
-		digest: digest,
+		repository: repo,
+		digest:     digest,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -267,7 +330,7 @@ func TrimNamed(ref Named) Named {
 }
 
 func getBestReferenceType(ref reference) Reference {
-	if ref.name == "" {
+	if ref.repository.path == "" {
 		// Allow digest only references
 		if ref.digest != "" {
 			return digestReference(ref.digest)
@@ -277,16 +340,16 @@ func getBestReferenceType(ref reference) Reference {
 	if ref.tag == "" {
 		if ref.digest != "" {
 			return canonicalReference{
-				name:   ref.name,
-				digest: ref.digest,
+				repository: ref.repository,
+				digest:     ref.digest,
 			}
 		}
-		return repository(ref.name)
+		return ref.repository
 	}
 	if ref.digest == "" {
 		return taggedReference{
-			name: ref.name,
-			tag:  ref.tag,
+			repository: ref.repository,
+			tag:        ref.tag,
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -294,17 +357,13 @@ func getBestReferenceType(ref reference) Reference {
 }
 
 type reference struct {
-	name   string
+	repository
 	tag    string
 	digest digest.Digest
 }
 
 func (r reference) String() string {
-	return r.name + ":" + r.tag + "@" + r.digest.String()
-}
-
-func (r reference) Name() string {
-	return r.name
+	return r.Name() + ":" + r.tag + "@" + r.digest.String()
 }
 
 func (r reference) Tag() string {
@@ -315,14 +374,28 @@ func (r reference) Digest() digest.Digest {
 	return r.digest
 }
 
-type repository string
+type repository struct {
+	domain string
+	path   string
+}
 
 func (r repository) String() string {
-	return string(r)
+	return r.Name()
 }
 
 func (r repository) Name() string {
-	return string(r)
+	if r.domain == "" {
+		return r.path
+	}
+	return r.domain + "/" + r.path
+}
+
+func (r repository) Domain() string {
+	return r.domain
+}
+
+func (r repository) Path() string {
+	return r.path
 }
 
 type digestReference digest.Digest
@@ -336,16 +409,12 @@ func (d digestReference) Digest() digest.Digest {
 }
 
 type taggedReference struct {
-	name string
-	tag  string
+	repository
+	tag string
 }
 
 func (t taggedReference) String() string {
-	return t.name + ":" + t.tag
-}
-
-func (t taggedReference) Name() string {
-	return t.name
+	return t.Name() + ":" + t.tag
 }
 
 func (t taggedReference) Tag() string {
@@ -353,16 +422,12 @@ func (t taggedReference) Tag() string {
 }
 
 type canonicalReference struct {
-	name   string
+	repository
 	digest digest.Digest
 }
 
 func (c canonicalReference) String() string {
-	return c.name + "@" + c.digest.String()
-}
-
-func (c canonicalReference) Name() string {
-	return c.name
+	return c.Name() + "@" + c.digest.String()
 }
 
 func (c canonicalReference) Digest() digest.Digest {
diff --git a/reference/reference_test.go b/reference/reference_test.go
index be708c4df..ef3d849fd 100644
--- a/reference/reference_test.go
+++ b/reference/reference_test.go
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ func TestReferenceParse(t *testing.T) {
 		err error
 		// repository is the string representation for the reference
 		repository string
-		// hostname is the hostname expected in the reference
-		hostname string
+		// domain is the domain expected in the reference
+		domain string
 		// tag is the tag for the reference
 		tag string
 		// digest is the digest for the reference (enforces digest reference)
@@ -44,37 +44,37 @@ func TestReferenceParse(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			input:      "test.com/repo:tag",
-			hostname:   "test.com",
+			domain:     "test.com",
 			repository: "test.com/repo",
 			tag:        "tag",
 		},
 		{
 			input:      "test:5000/repo",
-			hostname:   "test:5000",
+			domain:     "test:5000",
 			repository: "test:5000/repo",
 		},
 		{
 			input:      "test:5000/repo:tag",
-			hostname:   "test:5000",
+			domain:     "test:5000",
 			repository: "test:5000/repo",
 			tag:        "tag",
 		},
 		{
 			input:      "test:5000/repo@sha256:ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff",
-			hostname:   "test:5000",
+			domain:     "test:5000",
 			repository: "test:5000/repo",
 			digest:     "sha256:ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff",
 		},
 		{
 			input:      "test:5000/repo:tag@sha256:ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff",
-			hostname:   "test:5000",
+			domain:     "test:5000",
 			repository: "test:5000/repo",
 			tag:        "tag",
 			digest:     "sha256:ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff",
 		},
 		{
 			input:      "test:5000/repo",
-			hostname:   "test:5000",
+			domain:     "test:5000",
 			repository: "test:5000/repo",
 		},
 		{
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ func TestReferenceParse(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			input:      strings.Repeat("a/", 127) + "a:tag-puts-this-over-max",
-			hostname:   "a",
+			domain:     "a",
 			repository: strings.Repeat("a/", 127) + "a",
 			tag:        "tag-puts-this-over-max",
 		},
@@ -132,30 +132,30 @@ func TestReferenceParse(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			input:      "sub-dom1.foo.com/bar/baz/quux",
-			hostname:   "sub-dom1.foo.com",
+			domain:     "sub-dom1.foo.com",
 			repository: "sub-dom1.foo.com/bar/baz/quux",
 		},
 		{
 			input:      "sub-dom1.foo.com/bar/baz/quux:some-long-tag",
-			hostname:   "sub-dom1.foo.com",
+			domain:     "sub-dom1.foo.com",
 			repository: "sub-dom1.foo.com/bar/baz/quux",
 			tag:        "some-long-tag",
 		},
 		{
 			input:      "b.gcr.io/test.example.com/my-app:test.example.com",
-			hostname:   "b.gcr.io",
+			domain:     "b.gcr.io",
 			repository: "b.gcr.io/test.example.com/my-app",
 			tag:        "test.example.com",
 		},
 		{
 			input:      "xn--n3h.com/myimage:xn--n3h.com", // ☃.com in punycode
-			hostname:   "xn--n3h.com",
+			domain:     "xn--n3h.com",
 			repository: "xn--n3h.com/myimage",
 			tag:        "xn--n3h.com",
 		},
 		{
 			input:      "xn--7o8h.com/myimage:xn--7o8h.com@sha512:ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff", // 🐳.com in punycode
-			hostname:   "xn--7o8h.com",
+			domain:     "xn--7o8h.com",
 			repository: "xn--7o8h.com/myimage",
 			tag:        "xn--7o8h.com",
 			digest:     "sha512:ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff",
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ func TestReferenceParse(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			input:      "foo/foo_bar.com:8080",
-			hostname:   "foo",
+			domain:     "foo",
 			repository: "foo/foo_bar.com",
 			tag:        "8080",
 		},
@@ -198,11 +198,11 @@ func TestReferenceParse(t *testing.T) {
 			if named.Name() != testcase.repository {
 				failf("unexpected repository: got %q, expected %q", named.Name(), testcase.repository)
 			}
-			hostname, _ := SplitHostname(named)
-			if hostname != testcase.hostname {
-				failf("unexpected hostname: got %q, expected %q", hostname, testcase.hostname)
+			domain, _ := SplitHostname(named)
+			if domain != testcase.domain {
+				failf("unexpected domain: got %q, expected %q", domain, testcase.domain)
 			}
-		} else if testcase.repository != "" || testcase.hostname != "" {
+		} else if testcase.repository != "" || testcase.domain != "" {
 			failf("expected named type, got %T", repo)
 		}
 
@@ -282,39 +282,39 @@ func TestWithNameFailure(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestSplitHostname(t *testing.T) {
 	testcases := []struct {
-		input    string
-		hostname string
-		name     string
+		input  string
+		domain string
+		name   string
 	}{
 		{
-			input:    "test.com/foo",
-			hostname: "test.com",
-			name:     "foo",
+			input:  "test.com/foo",
+			domain: "test.com",
+			name:   "foo",
 		},
 		{
-			input:    "test_com/foo",
-			hostname: "",
-			name:     "test_com/foo",
+			input:  "test_com/foo",
+			domain: "",
+			name:   "test_com/foo",
 		},
 		{
-			input:    "test:8080/foo",
-			hostname: "test:8080",
-			name:     "foo",
+			input:  "test:8080/foo",
+			domain: "test:8080",
+			name:   "foo",
 		},
 		{
-			input:    "test.com:8080/foo",
-			hostname: "test.com:8080",
-			name:     "foo",
+			input:  "test.com:8080/foo",
+			domain: "test.com:8080",
+			name:   "foo",
 		},
 		{
-			input:    "test-com:8080/foo",
-			hostname: "test-com:8080",
-			name:     "foo",
+			input:  "test-com:8080/foo",
+			domain: "test-com:8080",
+			name:   "foo",
 		},
 		{
-			input:    "xn--n3h.com:18080/foo",
-			hostname: "xn--n3h.com:18080",
-			name:     "foo",
+			input:  "xn--n3h.com:18080/foo",
+			domain: "xn--n3h.com:18080",
+			name:   "foo",
 		},
 	}
 	for _, testcase := range testcases {
@@ -327,9 +327,9 @@ func TestSplitHostname(t *testing.T) {
 		if err != nil {
 			failf("error parsing name: %s", err)
 		}
-		hostname, name := SplitHostname(named)
-		if hostname != testcase.hostname {
-			failf("unexpected hostname: got %q, expected %q", hostname, testcase.hostname)
+		domain, name := SplitHostname(named)
+		if domain != testcase.domain {
+			failf("unexpected domain: got %q, expected %q", domain, testcase.domain)
 		}
 		if name != testcase.name {
 			failf("unexpected name: got %q, expected %q", name, testcase.name)
diff --git a/reference/regexp.go b/reference/regexp.go
index 9a7d366bc..5ba4de853 100644
--- a/reference/regexp.go
+++ b/reference/regexp.go
@@ -19,18 +19,18 @@ var (
 		alphaNumericRegexp,
 		optional(repeated(separatorRegexp, alphaNumericRegexp)))
 
-	// hostnameComponentRegexp restricts the registry hostname component of a
-	// repository name to start with a component as defined by hostnameRegexp
+	// domainComponentRegexp restricts the registry domain component of a
+	// repository name to start with a component as defined by domainRegexp
 	// and followed by an optional port.
-	hostnameComponentRegexp = match(`(?:[a-zA-Z0-9]|[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9-]*[a-zA-Z0-9])`)
+	domainComponentRegexp = match(`(?:[a-zA-Z0-9]|[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9-]*[a-zA-Z0-9])`)
 
-	// hostnameRegexp defines the structure of potential hostname components
+	// domainRegexp defines the structure of potential domain components
 	// that may be part of image names. This is purposely a subset of what is
 	// allowed by DNS to ensure backwards compatibility with Docker image
 	// names.
-	hostnameRegexp = expression(
-		hostnameComponentRegexp,
-		optional(repeated(literal(`.`), hostnameComponentRegexp)),
+	domainRegexp = expression(
+		domainComponentRegexp,
+		optional(repeated(literal(`.`), domainComponentRegexp)),
 		optional(literal(`:`), match(`[0-9]+`)))
 
 	// TagRegexp matches valid tag names. From docker/docker:graph/tags.go.
@@ -48,17 +48,17 @@ var (
 	anchoredDigestRegexp = anchored(DigestRegexp)
 
 	// NameRegexp is the format for the name component of references. The
-	// regexp has capturing groups for the hostname and name part omitting
+	// regexp has capturing groups for the domain and name part omitting
 	// the separating forward slash from either.
 	NameRegexp = expression(
-		optional(hostnameRegexp, literal(`/`)),
+		optional(domainRegexp, literal(`/`)),
 		nameComponentRegexp,
 		optional(repeated(literal(`/`), nameComponentRegexp)))
 
 	// anchoredNameRegexp is used to parse a name value, capturing the
-	// hostname and trailing components.
+	// domain and trailing components.
 	anchoredNameRegexp = anchored(
-		optional(capture(hostnameRegexp), literal(`/`)),
+		optional(capture(domainRegexp), literal(`/`)),
 		capture(nameComponentRegexp,
 			optional(repeated(literal(`/`), nameComponentRegexp))))
 
diff --git a/reference/regexp_test.go b/reference/regexp_test.go
index 2ec39377a..aef39bb12 100644
--- a/reference/regexp_test.go
+++ b/reference/regexp_test.go
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ func checkRegexp(t *testing.T, r *regexp.Regexp, m regexpMatch) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestHostRegexp(t *testing.T) {
+func TestDomainRegexp(t *testing.T) {
 	hostcases := []regexpMatch{
 		{
 			input: "test.com",
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ func TestHostRegexp(t *testing.T) {
 			match: true,
 		},
 	}
-	r := regexp.MustCompile(`^` + hostnameRegexp.String() + `$`)
+	r := regexp.MustCompile(`^` + domainRegexp.String() + `$`)
 	for i := range hostcases {
 		checkRegexp(t, r, hostcases[i])
 	}