package token import ( "crypto" "crypto/x509" "encoding/base64" "encoding/json" "errors" "fmt" "strings" "time" log "github.com/Sirupsen/logrus" "github.com/docker/libtrust" "github.com/docker/distribution/auth" "github.com/docker/distribution/collections" ) const ( // TokenSeparator is the value which separates the header, claims, and // signature in the compact serialization of a JSON Web Token. TokenSeparator = "." ) // Errors used by token parsing and verification. var ( ErrMalformedToken = errors.New("malformed token") ErrInvalidToken = errors.New("invalid token") ) // ResourceActions stores allowed actions on a named and typed resource. type ResourceActions struct { Type string `json:"type"` Name string `json:"name"` Actions []string `json:"actions"` } // ClaimSet describes the main section of a JSON Web Token. type ClaimSet struct { // Public claims Issuer string `json:"iss"` Subject string `json:"sub"` Audience string `json:"aud"` Expiration int64 `json:"exp"` NotBefore int64 `json:"nbf"` IssuedAt int64 `json:"iat"` JWTID string `json:"jti"` // Private claims Access []*ResourceActions } // Header describes the header section of a JSON Web Token. type Header struct { Type string `json:"typ"` SigningAlg string `json:"alg"` KeyID string `json:"kid,omitempty"` X5c []string `json:"x5c,omitempty"` RawJWK json.RawMessage `json:"jwk,omitempty"` } // Token describes a JSON Web Token. type Token struct { Raw string Header *Header Claims *ClaimSet Signature []byte } // VerifyOptions is used to specify // options when verifying a JSON Web Token. type VerifyOptions struct { TrustedIssuers collections.StringSet AcceptedAudiences collections.StringSet Roots *x509.CertPool TrustedKeys map[string]libtrust.PublicKey } // NewToken parses the given raw token string // and constructs an unverified JSON Web Token. func NewToken(rawToken string) (*Token, error) { parts := strings.Split(rawToken, TokenSeparator) if len(parts) != 3 { return nil, ErrMalformedToken } var ( rawHeader, rawClaims = parts[0], parts[1] headerJSON, claimsJSON []byte err error ) defer func() { if err != nil { log.Errorf("error while unmarshalling raw token: %s", err) } }() if headerJSON, err = joseBase64UrlDecode(rawHeader); err != nil { err = fmt.Errorf("unable to decode header: %s", err) return nil, ErrMalformedToken } if claimsJSON, err = joseBase64UrlDecode(rawClaims); err != nil { err = fmt.Errorf("unable to decode claims: %s", err) return nil, ErrMalformedToken } token := new(Token) token.Header = new(Header) token.Claims = new(ClaimSet) token.Raw = strings.Join(parts[:2], TokenSeparator) if token.Signature, err = joseBase64UrlDecode(parts[2]); err != nil { err = fmt.Errorf("unable to decode signature: %s", err) return nil, ErrMalformedToken } if err = json.Unmarshal(headerJSON, token.Header); err != nil { return nil, ErrMalformedToken } if err = json.Unmarshal(claimsJSON, token.Claims); err != nil { return nil, ErrMalformedToken } return token, nil } // Verify attempts to verify this token using the given options. // Returns a nil error if the token is valid. func (t *Token) Verify(verifyOpts VerifyOptions) error { // Verify that the Issuer claim is a trusted authority. if !verifyOpts.TrustedIssuers.Contains(t.Claims.Issuer) { log.Errorf("token from untrusted issuer: %q", t.Claims.Issuer) return ErrInvalidToken } // Verify that the Audience claim is allowed. if !verifyOpts.AcceptedAudiences.Contains(t.Claims.Audience) { log.Errorf("token intended for another audience: %q", t.Claims.Audience) return ErrInvalidToken } // Verify that the token is currently usable and not expired. currentUnixTime := time.Now().Unix() if !(t.Claims.NotBefore <= currentUnixTime && currentUnixTime <= t.Claims.Expiration) { log.Errorf("token not to be used before %d or after %d - currently %d", t.Claims.NotBefore, t.Claims.Expiration, currentUnixTime) return ErrInvalidToken } // Verify the token signature. if len(t.Signature) == 0 { log.Error("token has no signature") return ErrInvalidToken } // Verify that the signing key is trusted. signingKey, err := t.VerifySigningKey(verifyOpts) if err != nil { log.Error(err) return ErrInvalidToken } // Finally, verify the signature of the token using the key which signed it. if err := signingKey.Verify(strings.NewReader(t.Raw), t.Header.SigningAlg, t.Signature); err != nil { log.Errorf("unable to verify token signature: %s", err) return ErrInvalidToken } return nil } // VerifySigningKey attempts to get the key which was used to sign this token. // The token header should contain either of these 3 fields: // `x5c` - The x509 certificate chain for the signing key. Needs to be // verified. // `jwk` - The JSON Web Key representation of the signing key. // May contain its own `x5c` field which needs to be verified. // `kid` - The unique identifier for the key. This library interprets it // as a libtrust fingerprint. The key itself can be looked up in // the trustedKeys field of the given verify options. // Each of these methods are tried in that order of preference until the // signing key is found or an error is returned. func (t *Token) VerifySigningKey(verifyOpts VerifyOptions) (signingKey libtrust.PublicKey, err error) { // First attempt to get an x509 certificate chain from the header. var ( x5c = t.Header.X5c rawJWK = t.Header.RawJWK keyID = t.Header.KeyID ) switch { case len(x5c) > 0: signingKey, err = parseAndVerifyCertChain(x5c, verifyOpts.Roots) case len(rawJWK) > 0: signingKey, err = parseAndVerifyRawJWK(rawJWK, verifyOpts) case len(keyID) > 0: signingKey = verifyOpts.TrustedKeys[keyID] if signingKey == nil { err = fmt.Errorf("token signed by untrusted key with ID: %q", keyID) } default: err = errors.New("unable to get token signing key") } return } func parseAndVerifyCertChain(x5c []string, roots *x509.CertPool) (leafKey libtrust.PublicKey, err error) { if len(x5c) == 0 { return nil, errors.New("empty x509 certificate chain") } // Ensure the first element is encoded correctly. leafCertDer, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(x5c[0]) if err != nil { return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to decode leaf certificate: %s", err) } // And that it is a valid x509 certificate. leafCert, err := x509.ParseCertificate(leafCertDer) if err != nil { return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to parse leaf certificate: %s", err) } // The rest of the certificate chain are intermediate certificates. intermediates := x509.NewCertPool() for i := 1; i < len(x5c); i++ { intermediateCertDer, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(x5c[i]) if err != nil { return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to decode intermediate certificate: %s", err) } intermediateCert, err := x509.ParseCertificate(intermediateCertDer) if err != nil { return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to parse intermediate certificate: %s", err) } intermediates.AddCert(intermediateCert) } verifyOpts := x509.VerifyOptions{ Intermediates: intermediates, Roots: roots, KeyUsages: []x509.ExtKeyUsage{x509.ExtKeyUsageAny}, } // TODO: this call returns certificate chains which we ignore for now, but // we should check them for revocations if we have the ability later. if _, err = leafCert.Verify(verifyOpts); err != nil { return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to verify certificate chain: %s", err) } // Get the public key from the leaf certificate. leafCryptoKey, ok := leafCert.PublicKey.(crypto.PublicKey) if !ok { return nil, errors.New("unable to get leaf cert public key value") } leafKey, err = libtrust.FromCryptoPublicKey(leafCryptoKey) if err != nil { return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to make libtrust public key from leaf certificate: %s", err) } return } func parseAndVerifyRawJWK(rawJWK json.RawMessage, verifyOpts VerifyOptions) (pubKey libtrust.PublicKey, err error) { pubKey, err = libtrust.UnmarshalPublicKeyJWK([]byte(rawJWK)) if err != nil { return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to decode raw JWK value: %s", err) } // Check to see if the key includes a certificate chain. x5cVal, ok := pubKey.GetExtendedField("x5c").([]interface{}) if !ok { // The JWK should be one of the trusted root keys. if _, trusted := verifyOpts.TrustedKeys[pubKey.KeyID()]; !trusted { return nil, errors.New("untrusted JWK with no certificate chain") } // The JWK is one of the trusted keys. return } // Ensure each item in the chain is of the correct type. x5c := make([]string, len(x5cVal)) for i, val := range x5cVal { certString, ok := val.(string) if !ok || len(certString) == 0 { return nil, errors.New("malformed certificate chain") } x5c[i] = certString } // Ensure that the x509 certificate chain can // be verified up to one of our trusted roots. leafKey, err := parseAndVerifyCertChain(x5c, verifyOpts.Roots) if err != nil { return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not verify JWK certificate chain: %s", err) } // Verify that the public key in the leaf cert *is* the signing key. if pubKey.KeyID() != leafKey.KeyID() { return nil, errors.New("leaf certificate public key ID does not match JWK key ID") } return } // accessSet returns a set of actions available for the resource // actions listed in the `access` section of this token. func (t *Token) accessSet() accessSet { if t.Claims == nil { return nil } accessSet := make(accessSet, len(t.Claims.Access)) for _, resourceActions := range t.Claims.Access { resource := auth.Resource{ Type: resourceActions.Type, Name: resourceActions.Name, } set, exists := accessSet[resource] if !exists { set = newActionSet() accessSet[resource] = set } for _, action := range resourceActions.Actions { set.Add(action) } } return accessSet } func (t *Token) compactRaw() string { return fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", t.Raw, joseBase64UrlEncode(t.Signature)) }