neo-go/pkg/core/interop_system_test.go

package core

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"math"
	"math/big"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"testing"

	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/internal/random"
	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/internal/testchain"
	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/config"
	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/config/netmode"
	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/core/block"
	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/core/dao"
	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/core/interop"
	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/core/interop/contract"
	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/core/interop/interopnames"
	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/core/interop/iterator"
	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/core/interop/runtime"
	istorage "github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/core/interop/storage"
	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/core/native"
	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/core/state"
	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/core/storage"
	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/core/transaction"
	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/crypto/hash"
	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/crypto/keys"
	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/io"
	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/smartcontract"
	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/smartcontract/callflag"
	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/smartcontract/manifest"
	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/smartcontract/nef"
	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/smartcontract/trigger"
	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/util"
	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/vm"
	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/vm/emit"
	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/vm/opcode"
	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/vm/stackitem"
	"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/wallet"
	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
)

// Tests are taken from
// https://github.com/neo-project/neo/blob/master/tests/neo.UnitTests/SmartContract/UT_ApplicationEngine.Runtime.cs
func TestRuntimeGetRandomCompatibility(t *testing.T) {
	bc := newTestChain(t)

	b := getSharpTestGenesis(t)
	tx := getSharpTestTx(util.Uint160{})
	ic := bc.newInteropContext(trigger.Application, bc.dao.GetWrapped(), b, tx)
	ic.Network = 5195086 // Old mainnet magic used by C# tests.

	ic.VM = vm.New()
	ic.VM.LoadScript([]byte{0x01})

	require.NoError(t, runtime.GetRandom(ic))
	require.Equal(t, "225932872514876835587448704843370203748", ic.VM.Estack().Pop().BigInt().String())

	require.NoError(t, runtime.GetRandom(ic))
	require.Equal(t, "190129535548110356450238097068474508661", ic.VM.Estack().Pop().BigInt().String())

	require.NoError(t, runtime.GetRandom(ic))
	require.Equal(t, "48930406787011198493485648810190184269", ic.VM.Estack().Pop().BigInt().String())

	require.NoError(t, runtime.GetRandom(ic))
	require.Equal(t, "66199389469641263539889463157823839112", ic.VM.Estack().Pop().BigInt().String())

	require.NoError(t, runtime.GetRandom(ic))
	require.Equal(t, "217172703763162599519098299724476526911", ic.VM.Estack().Pop().BigInt().String())
}

func TestRuntimeGetRandomDifferentTransactions(t *testing.T) {
	bc := newTestChain(t)
	b, _ := bc.GetBlock(bc.GetHeaderHash(0))

	tx1 := transaction.New([]byte{byte(opcode.PUSH1)}, 0)
	ic1 := bc.newInteropContext(trigger.Application, bc.dao.GetWrapped(), b, tx1)
	ic1.VM = vm.New()
	ic1.VM.LoadScript(tx1.Script)

	tx2 := transaction.New([]byte{byte(opcode.PUSH2)}, 0)
	ic2 := bc.newInteropContext(trigger.Application, bc.dao.GetWrapped(), b, tx2)
	ic2.VM = vm.New()
	ic2.VM.LoadScript(tx2.Script)

	require.NoError(t, runtime.GetRandom(ic1))
	require.NoError(t, runtime.GetRandom(ic2))
	require.NotEqual(t, ic1.VM.Estack().Pop().BigInt(), ic2.VM.Estack().Pop().BigInt())

	require.NoError(t, runtime.GetRandom(ic1))
	require.NoError(t, runtime.GetRandom(ic2))
	require.NotEqual(t, ic1.VM.Estack().Pop().BigInt(), ic2.VM.Estack().Pop().BigInt())
}

func getSharpTestTx(sender util.Uint160) *transaction.Transaction {
	tx := transaction.New([]byte{byte(opcode.PUSH2)}, 0)
	tx.Nonce = 0
	tx.Signers = append(tx.Signers, transaction.Signer{
		Account: sender,
		Scopes:  transaction.CalledByEntry,
	})
	tx.Scripts = append(tx.Scripts, transaction.Witness{})
	return tx
}

func getSharpTestGenesis(t *testing.T) *block.Block {
	const configPath = "../../config"

	cfg, err := config.Load(configPath, netmode.MainNet)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	b, err := createGenesisBlock(cfg.ProtocolConfiguration)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	return b
}

func TestContractCreateAccount(t *testing.T) {
	v, ic, _ := createVM(t)
	t.Run("Good", func(t *testing.T) {
		priv, err := keys.NewPrivateKey()
		require.NoError(t, err)
		pub := priv.PublicKey()
		v.Estack().PushVal(pub.Bytes())
		require.NoError(t, contractCreateStandardAccount(ic))

		value := v.Estack().Pop().Bytes()
		u, err := util.Uint160DecodeBytesBE(value)
		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Equal(t, pub.GetScriptHash(), u)
	})
	t.Run("InvalidKey", func(t *testing.T) {
		v.Estack().PushVal([]byte{1, 2, 3})
		require.Error(t, contractCreateStandardAccount(ic))
	})
}

func TestContractCreateMultisigAccount(t *testing.T) {
	v, ic, _ := createVM(t)
	t.Run("Good", func(t *testing.T) {
		m, n := 3, 5
		pubs := make(keys.PublicKeys, n)
		arr := make([]stackitem.Item, n)
		for i := range pubs {
			pk, err := keys.NewPrivateKey()
			require.NoError(t, err)
			pubs[i] = pk.PublicKey()
			arr[i] = stackitem.Make(pubs[i].Bytes())
		}
		v.Estack().PushVal(stackitem.Make(arr))
		v.Estack().PushVal(m)
		require.NoError(t, contractCreateMultisigAccount(ic))

		expected, err := smartcontract.CreateMultiSigRedeemScript(m, pubs)
		require.NoError(t, err)
		value := v.Estack().Pop().Bytes()
		u, err := util.Uint160DecodeBytesBE(value)
		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Equal(t, hash.Hash160(expected), u)
	})
	t.Run("InvalidKey", func(t *testing.T) {
		v.Estack().PushVal(stackitem.Make([]stackitem.Item{stackitem.Make([]byte{1, 2, 3})}))
		v.Estack().PushVal(1)
		require.Error(t, contractCreateMultisigAccount(ic))
	})
	t.Run("Invalid m", func(t *testing.T) {
		pk, err := keys.NewPrivateKey()
		require.NoError(t, err)
		v.Estack().PushVal(stackitem.Make([]stackitem.Item{stackitem.Make(pk.PublicKey().Bytes())}))
		v.Estack().PushVal(2)
		require.Error(t, contractCreateMultisigAccount(ic))
	})
	t.Run("m overflows int64", func(t *testing.T) {
		pk, err := keys.NewPrivateKey()
		require.NoError(t, err)
		v.Estack().PushVal(stackitem.Make([]stackitem.Item{stackitem.Make(pk.PublicKey().Bytes())}))
		m := big.NewInt(math.MaxInt64)
		m.Add(m, big.NewInt(1))
		v.Estack().PushVal(stackitem.NewBigInteger(m))
		require.Error(t, contractCreateMultisigAccount(ic))
	})
}

func TestRuntimeGasLeft(t *testing.T) {
	v, ic, _ := createVM(t)

	v.GasLimit = 100
	v.AddGas(58)
	require.NoError(t, runtime.GasLeft(ic))
	require.EqualValues(t, 42, v.Estack().Pop().BigInt().Int64())
}

func TestRuntimeGetNotifications(t *testing.T) {
	v, ic, _ := createVM(t)

	ic.Notifications = []state.NotificationEvent{
		{ScriptHash: util.Uint160{1}, Name: "Event1", Item: stackitem.NewArray([]stackitem.Item{stackitem.NewByteArray([]byte{11})})},
		{ScriptHash: util.Uint160{2}, Name: "Event2", Item: stackitem.NewArray([]stackitem.Item{stackitem.NewByteArray([]byte{22})})},
		{ScriptHash: util.Uint160{1}, Name: "Event1", Item: stackitem.NewArray([]stackitem.Item{stackitem.NewByteArray([]byte{33})})},
	}

	t.Run("NoFilter", func(t *testing.T) {
		v.Estack().PushVal(stackitem.Null{})
		require.NoError(t, runtime.GetNotifications(ic))

		arr := v.Estack().Pop().Array()
		require.Equal(t, len(ic.Notifications), len(arr))
		for i := range arr {
			elem := arr[i].Value().([]stackitem.Item)
			require.Equal(t, ic.Notifications[i].ScriptHash.BytesBE(), elem[0].Value())
			name, err := stackitem.ToString(elem[1])
			require.NoError(t, err)
			require.Equal(t, ic.Notifications[i].Name, name)
			require.Equal(t, ic.Notifications[i].Item, elem[2])
		}
	})

	t.Run("WithFilter", func(t *testing.T) {
		h := util.Uint160{2}.BytesBE()
		v.Estack().PushVal(h)
		require.NoError(t, runtime.GetNotifications(ic))

		arr := v.Estack().Pop().Array()
		require.Equal(t, 1, len(arr))
		elem := arr[0].Value().([]stackitem.Item)
		require.Equal(t, h, elem[0].Value())
		name, err := stackitem.ToString(elem[1])
		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Equal(t, ic.Notifications[1].Name, name)
		require.Equal(t, ic.Notifications[1].Item, elem[2])
	})
}

func TestRuntimeGetInvocationCounter(t *testing.T) {
	v, ic, bc := createVM(t)

	cs, _ := getTestContractState(t, 4, 5, random.Uint160()) // sender and IDs are not important for the test
	require.NoError(t, bc.contracts.Management.PutContractState(ic.DAO, cs))

	ic.Invocations[hash.Hash160([]byte{2})] = 42

	t.Run("No invocations", func(t *testing.T) {
		v.Load([]byte{1})
		// do not return an error in this case.
		require.NoError(t, runtime.GetInvocationCounter(ic))
		require.EqualValues(t, 1, v.Estack().Pop().BigInt().Int64())
	})
	t.Run("NonZero", func(t *testing.T) {
		v.Load([]byte{2})
		require.NoError(t, runtime.GetInvocationCounter(ic))
		require.EqualValues(t, 42, v.Estack().Pop().BigInt().Int64())
	})
	t.Run("Contract", func(t *testing.T) {
		w := io.NewBufBinWriter()
		emit.AppCall(w.BinWriter, cs.Hash, "invocCounter", callflag.All)
		v.LoadWithFlags(w.Bytes(), callflag.All)
		require.NoError(t, v.Run())
		require.EqualValues(t, 1, v.Estack().Pop().BigInt().Int64())
	})
}

func TestStoragePut(t *testing.T) {
	_, cs, ic, bc := createVMAndContractState(t)

	require.NoError(t, bc.contracts.Management.PutContractState(ic.DAO, cs))

	initVM := func(t *testing.T, key, value []byte, gas int64) {
		v := ic.SpawnVM()
		v.LoadScript(cs.NEF.Script)
		v.GasLimit = gas
		v.Estack().PushVal(value)
		v.Estack().PushVal(key)
		require.NoError(t, storageGetContext(ic))
	}

	t.Run("create, not enough gas", func(t *testing.T) {
		initVM(t, []byte{1}, []byte{2, 3}, 2*native.DefaultStoragePrice)
		err := storagePut(ic)
		require.True(t, errors.Is(err, errGasLimitExceeded), "got: %v", err)
	})

	initVM(t, []byte{4}, []byte{5, 6}, 3*native.DefaultStoragePrice)
	require.NoError(t, storagePut(ic))

	t.Run("update", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Run("not enough gas", func(t *testing.T) {
			initVM(t, []byte{4}, []byte{5, 6, 7, 8}, native.DefaultStoragePrice)
			err := storagePut(ic)
			require.True(t, errors.Is(err, errGasLimitExceeded), "got: %v", err)
		})
		initVM(t, []byte{4}, []byte{5, 6, 7, 8}, 3*native.DefaultStoragePrice)
		require.NoError(t, storagePut(ic))
		initVM(t, []byte{4}, []byte{5, 6}, native.DefaultStoragePrice)
		require.NoError(t, storagePut(ic))
	})

	t.Run("check limits", func(t *testing.T) {
		initVM(t, make([]byte, storage.MaxStorageKeyLen), make([]byte, storage.MaxStorageValueLen), -1)
		require.NoError(t, storagePut(ic))
	})

	t.Run("bad", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Run("readonly context", func(t *testing.T) {
			initVM(t, []byte{1}, []byte{1}, -1)
			require.NoError(t, storageContextAsReadOnly(ic))
			require.Error(t, storagePut(ic))
		})
		t.Run("big key", func(t *testing.T) {
			initVM(t, make([]byte, storage.MaxStorageKeyLen+1), []byte{1}, -1)
			require.Error(t, storagePut(ic))
		})
		t.Run("big value", func(t *testing.T) {
			initVM(t, []byte{1}, make([]byte, storage.MaxStorageValueLen+1), -1)
			require.Error(t, storagePut(ic))
		})
	})
}

func TestStorageDelete(t *testing.T) {
	v, cs, ic, bc := createVMAndContractState(t)

	require.NoError(t, bc.contracts.Management.PutContractState(ic.DAO, cs))
	v.LoadScriptWithHash(cs.NEF.Script, cs.Hash, callflag.All)
	put := func(key, value string, flag int) {
		v.Estack().PushVal(value)
		v.Estack().PushVal(key)
		require.NoError(t, storageGetContext(ic))
		require.NoError(t, storagePut(ic))
	}
	put("key1", "value1", 0)
	put("key2", "value2", 0)
	put("key3", "value3", 0)

	t.Run("good", func(t *testing.T) {
		v.Estack().PushVal("key1")
		require.NoError(t, storageGetContext(ic))
		require.NoError(t, storageDelete(ic))
	})
	t.Run("readonly context", func(t *testing.T) {
		v.Estack().PushVal("key2")
		require.NoError(t, storageGetReadOnlyContext(ic))
		require.Error(t, storageDelete(ic))
	})
	t.Run("readonly context (from normal)", func(t *testing.T) {
		v.Estack().PushVal("key3")
		require.NoError(t, storageGetContext(ic))
		require.NoError(t, storageContextAsReadOnly(ic))
		require.Error(t, storageDelete(ic))
	})
}

func BenchmarkStorageFind(b *testing.B) {
	for count := 10; count <= 10000; count *= 10 {
		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%dElements", count), func(b *testing.B) {
			v, contractState, context, chain := createVMAndContractState(b)
			require.NoError(b, chain.contracts.Management.PutContractState(chain.dao, contractState))

			items := make(map[string]state.StorageItem)
			for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
				items["abc"+random.String(10)] = random.Bytes(10)
			}
			for k, v := range items {
				context.DAO.PutStorageItem(contractState.ID, []byte(k), v)
				context.DAO.PutStorageItem(contractState.ID+1, []byte(k), v)
			}
			changes, err := context.DAO.Persist()
			require.NoError(b, err)
			require.NotEqual(b, 0, changes)

			b.ResetTimer()
			b.ReportAllocs()
			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
				b.StopTimer()
				v.Estack().PushVal(istorage.FindDefault)
				v.Estack().PushVal("abc")
				v.Estack().PushVal(stackitem.NewInterop(&StorageContext{ID: contractState.ID}))
				b.StartTimer()
				err := storageFind(context)
				if err != nil {
					b.FailNow()
				}
				b.StopTimer()
				context.Finalize()
			}
		})
	}
}

func BenchmarkStorageFindIteratorNext(b *testing.B) {
	for count := 10; count <= 10000; count *= 10 {
		cases := map[string]int{
			"Pick1":    1,
			"PickHalf": count / 2,
			"PickAll":  count,
		}
		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%dElements", count), func(b *testing.B) {
			for name, last := range cases {
				b.Run(name, func(b *testing.B) {
					v, contractState, context, chain := createVMAndContractState(b)
					require.NoError(b, chain.contracts.Management.PutContractState(chain.dao, contractState))

					items := make(map[string]state.StorageItem)
					for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
						items["abc"+random.String(10)] = random.Bytes(10)
					}
					for k, v := range items {
						context.DAO.PutStorageItem(contractState.ID, []byte(k), v)
						context.DAO.PutStorageItem(contractState.ID+1, []byte(k), v)
					}
					changes, err := context.DAO.Persist()
					require.NoError(b, err)
					require.NotEqual(b, 0, changes)
					b.ReportAllocs()
					b.ResetTimer()
					for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
						b.StopTimer()
						v.Estack().PushVal(istorage.FindDefault)
						v.Estack().PushVal("abc")
						v.Estack().PushVal(stackitem.NewInterop(&StorageContext{ID: contractState.ID}))
						b.StartTimer()
						err := storageFind(context)
						b.StopTimer()
						if err != nil {
							b.FailNow()
						}
						res := context.VM.Estack().Pop().Item()
						for i := 0; i < last; i++ {
							context.VM.Estack().PushVal(res)
							b.StartTimer()
							require.NoError(b, iterator.Next(context))
							b.StopTimer()
							require.True(b, context.VM.Estack().Pop().Bool())
						}

						context.VM.Estack().PushVal(res)
						require.NoError(b, iterator.Next(context))
						actual := context.VM.Estack().Pop().Bool()
						if last == count {
							require.False(b, actual)
						} else {
							require.True(b, actual)
						}
						context.Finalize()
					}
				})
			}
		})
	}
}

func TestStorageFind(t *testing.T) {
	v, contractState, context, chain := createVMAndContractState(t)

	arr := []stackitem.Item{
		stackitem.NewBigInteger(big.NewInt(42)),
		stackitem.NewByteArray([]byte("second")),
		stackitem.Null{},
	}
	rawArr, err := stackitem.Serialize(stackitem.NewArray(arr))
	require.NoError(t, err)
	rawArr0, err := stackitem.Serialize(stackitem.NewArray(arr[:0]))
	require.NoError(t, err)
	rawArr1, err := stackitem.Serialize(stackitem.NewArray(arr[:1]))
	require.NoError(t, err)

	skeys := [][]byte{{0x01, 0x02}, {0x02, 0x01}, {0x01, 0x01},
		{0x04, 0x00}, {0x05, 0x00}, {0x06}, {0x07}, {0x08},
		{0x09, 0x12, 0x34}, {0x09, 0x12, 0x56},
	}
	items := []state.StorageItem{
		[]byte{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04},
		[]byte{0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01},
		[]byte{0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06},
		[]byte{byte(stackitem.ByteArrayT), 2, 0xCA, 0xFE},
		[]byte{0xFF, 0xFF},
		rawArr,
		rawArr0,
		rawArr1,
		[]byte{111},
		[]byte{222},
	}

	require.NoError(t, chain.contracts.Management.PutContractState(chain.dao, contractState))

	id := contractState.ID

	for i := range skeys {
		context.DAO.PutStorageItem(id, skeys[i], items[i])
	}

	testFind := func(t *testing.T, prefix []byte, opts int64, expected []stackitem.Item) {
		v.Estack().PushVal(opts)
		v.Estack().PushVal(prefix)
		v.Estack().PushVal(stackitem.NewInterop(&StorageContext{ID: id}))

		err := storageFind(context)
		require.NoError(t, err)

		var iter *stackitem.Interop
		require.NotPanics(t, func() { iter = v.Estack().Pop().Interop() })

		for i := range expected { // sorted indices with mathing prefix
			v.Estack().PushVal(iter)
			require.NoError(t, iterator.Next(context))
			require.True(t, v.Estack().Pop().Bool())

			v.Estack().PushVal(iter)
			if expected[i] == nil {
				require.Panics(t, func() { _ = iterator.Value(context) })
				return
			}
			require.NoError(t, iterator.Value(context))
			require.Equal(t, expected[i], v.Estack().Pop().Item())
		}

		v.Estack().PushVal(iter)
		require.NoError(t, iterator.Next(context))
		require.False(t, v.Estack().Pop().Bool())
	}

	t.Run("normal invocation", func(t *testing.T) {
		testFind(t, []byte{0x01}, istorage.FindDefault, []stackitem.Item{
			stackitem.NewStruct([]stackitem.Item{
				stackitem.NewByteArray(skeys[2]),
				stackitem.NewByteArray(items[2]),
			}),
			stackitem.NewStruct([]stackitem.Item{
				stackitem.NewByteArray(skeys[0]),
				stackitem.NewByteArray(items[0]),
			}),
		})
	})

	t.Run("keys only", func(t *testing.T) {
		testFind(t, []byte{0x01}, istorage.FindKeysOnly, []stackitem.Item{
			stackitem.NewByteArray(skeys[2]),
			stackitem.NewByteArray(skeys[0]),
		})
	})
	t.Run("remove prefix", func(t *testing.T) {
		testFind(t, []byte{0x01}, istorage.FindKeysOnly|istorage.FindRemovePrefix, []stackitem.Item{
			stackitem.NewByteArray(skeys[2][1:]),
			stackitem.NewByteArray(skeys[0][1:]),
		})
		testFind(t, []byte{0x09, 0x12}, istorage.FindKeysOnly|istorage.FindRemovePrefix, []stackitem.Item{
			stackitem.NewByteArray(skeys[8][2:]),
			stackitem.NewByteArray(skeys[9][2:]),
		})
	})
	t.Run("values only", func(t *testing.T) {
		testFind(t, []byte{0x01}, istorage.FindValuesOnly, []stackitem.Item{
			stackitem.NewByteArray(items[2]),
			stackitem.NewByteArray(items[0]),
		})
	})
	t.Run("deserialize values", func(t *testing.T) {
		testFind(t, []byte{0x04}, istorage.FindValuesOnly|istorage.FindDeserialize, []stackitem.Item{
			stackitem.NewByteArray(items[3][2:]),
		})
		t.Run("invalid", func(t *testing.T) {
			v.Estack().PushVal(istorage.FindDeserialize)
			v.Estack().PushVal([]byte{0x05})
			v.Estack().PushVal(stackitem.NewInterop(&StorageContext{ID: id}))
			err := storageFind(context)
			require.NoError(t, err)

			var iter *stackitem.Interop
			require.NotPanics(t, func() { iter = v.Estack().Pop().Interop() })

			v.Estack().PushVal(iter)
			require.NoError(t, iterator.Next(context))

			v.Estack().PushVal(iter)
			require.Panics(t, func() { _ = iterator.Value(context) })
		})
	})
	t.Run("PickN", func(t *testing.T) {
		testFind(t, []byte{0x06}, istorage.FindPick0|istorage.FindValuesOnly|istorage.FindDeserialize, arr[:1])
		testFind(t, []byte{0x06}, istorage.FindPick1|istorage.FindValuesOnly|istorage.FindDeserialize, arr[1:2])
		// Array with 0 elements.
		testFind(t, []byte{0x07}, istorage.FindPick0|istorage.FindValuesOnly|istorage.FindDeserialize,
			[]stackitem.Item{nil})
		// Array with 1 element.
		testFind(t, []byte{0x08}, istorage.FindPick1|istorage.FindValuesOnly|istorage.FindDeserialize,
			[]stackitem.Item{nil})
		// Not an array, but serialized ByteArray.
		testFind(t, []byte{0x04}, istorage.FindPick1|istorage.FindValuesOnly|istorage.FindDeserialize,
			[]stackitem.Item{nil})
	})

	t.Run("normal invocation, empty result", func(t *testing.T) {
		testFind(t, []byte{0x03}, istorage.FindDefault, nil)
	})

	t.Run("invalid options", func(t *testing.T) {
		invalid := []int64{
			istorage.FindKeysOnly | istorage.FindValuesOnly,
			^istorage.FindAll,
			istorage.FindKeysOnly | istorage.FindDeserialize,
			istorage.FindPick0,
			istorage.FindPick0 | istorage.FindPick1 | istorage.FindDeserialize,
			istorage.FindPick0 | istorage.FindPick1,
		}
		for _, opts := range invalid {
			v.Estack().PushVal(opts)
			v.Estack().PushVal([]byte{0x01})
			v.Estack().PushVal(stackitem.NewInterop(&StorageContext{ID: id}))
			require.Error(t, storageFind(context))
		}
	})
	t.Run("invalid type for StorageContext", func(t *testing.T) {
		v.Estack().PushVal(istorage.FindDefault)
		v.Estack().PushVal([]byte{0x01})
		v.Estack().PushVal(stackitem.NewInterop(nil))

		require.Error(t, storageFind(context))
	})

	t.Run("invalid id", func(t *testing.T) {
		invalidID := id + 1

		v.Estack().PushVal(istorage.FindDefault)
		v.Estack().PushVal([]byte{0x01})
		v.Estack().PushVal(stackitem.NewInterop(&StorageContext{ID: invalidID}))

		require.NoError(t, storageFind(context))
		require.NoError(t, iterator.Next(context))
		require.False(t, v.Estack().Pop().Bool())
	})
}

// Helper functions to create VM, InteropContext, TX, Account, Contract.

func createVM(t *testing.T) (*vm.VM, *interop.Context, *Blockchain) {
	chain := newTestChain(t)
	context := chain.newInteropContext(trigger.Application,
		dao.NewSimple(storage.NewMemoryStore(), chain.config.StateRootInHeader, chain.config.P2PSigExtensions), nil, nil)
	v := context.SpawnVM()
	return v, context, chain
}

func createVMAndContractState(t testing.TB) (*vm.VM, *state.Contract, *interop.Context, *Blockchain) {
	script := []byte("testscript")
	m := manifest.NewManifest("Test")
	ne, err := nef.NewFile(script)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	contractState := &state.Contract{
		ContractBase: state.ContractBase{
			NEF:      *ne,
			Hash:     hash.Hash160(script),
			Manifest: *m,
			ID:       123,
		},
	}

	chain := newTestChain(t)
	d := dao.NewSimple(storage.NewMemoryStore(), chain.config.StateRootInHeader, chain.config.P2PSigExtensions)
	context := chain.newInteropContext(trigger.Application, d, nil, nil)
	v := context.SpawnVM()
	return v, contractState, context, chain
}

var (
	helper1ContractNEFPath      = filepath.Join("test_data", "management_helper", "management_helper1.nef")
	helper1ContractManifestPath = filepath.Join("test_data", "management_helper", "management_helper1.manifest.json")
	helper2ContractNEFPath      = filepath.Join("test_data", "management_helper", "management_helper2.nef")
	helper2ContractManifestPath = filepath.Join("test_data", "management_helper", "management_helper2.manifest.json")
)

// TestGenerateManagementHelperContracts generates 2 helper contracts second of which is
// allowed to call the first. It uses test chain to define Management and StdLib
// native hashes and saves generated NEF and manifest to ../test_data/management_contract folder.
// Set `saveState` flag to true and run the test to rewrite NEF and manifest files.
func TestGenerateManagementHelperContracts(t *testing.T) {
	const saveState = false

	bc := newTestChain(t)
	mgmtHash := bc.contracts.Management.Hash
	stdHash := bc.contracts.Std.Hash
	neoHash := bc.contracts.NEO.Hash
	singleChainValidator := testchain.PrivateKey(testchain.IDToOrder(0))
	acc := wallet.NewAccountFromPrivateKey(singleChainValidator)
	require.NoError(t, acc.ConvertMultisig(1, keys.PublicKeys{singleChainValidator.PublicKey()}))
	singleChainValidatorHash := acc.Contract.ScriptHash()

	w := io.NewBufBinWriter()
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.ABORT)
	addOff := w.Len()
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.ADD, opcode.RET)
	addMultiOff := w.Len()
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.ADD, opcode.ADD, opcode.RET)
	ret7Off := w.Len()
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.PUSH7, opcode.RET)
	dropOff := w.Len()
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.DROP, opcode.RET)
	initOff := w.Len()
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.INITSSLOT, 1, opcode.PUSH3, opcode.STSFLD0, opcode.RET)
	add3Off := w.Len()
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.LDSFLD0, opcode.ADD, opcode.RET)
	invalidRetOff := w.Len()
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.PUSH1, opcode.PUSH2, opcode.RET)
	justRetOff := w.Len()
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.RET)
	verifyOff := w.Len()
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.LDSFLD0, opcode.SUB,
		opcode.CONVERT, opcode.Opcode(stackitem.BooleanT), opcode.RET)
	deployOff := w.Len()
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.SWAP, opcode.JMPIF, 2+8+1+1+1+1+39+3)
	emit.String(w.BinWriter, "create")                                  // 8 bytes
	emit.Int(w.BinWriter, 2)                                            // 1 byte
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.PACK)                              // 1 byte
	emit.Int(w.BinWriter, 1)                                            // 1 byte (args count for `serialize`)
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.PACK)                              // 1 byte (pack args into array for `serialize`)
	emit.AppCallNoArgs(w.BinWriter, stdHash, "serialize", callflag.All) // 39 bytes
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.CALL, 3+8+1+1+1+1+39+3, opcode.RET)
	emit.String(w.BinWriter, "update")                                  // 8 bytes
	emit.Int(w.BinWriter, 2)                                            // 1 byte
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.PACK)                              // 1 byte
	emit.Int(w.BinWriter, 1)                                            // 1 byte (args count for `serialize`)
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.PACK)                              // 1 byte (pack args into array for `serialize`)
	emit.AppCallNoArgs(w.BinWriter, stdHash, "serialize", callflag.All) // 39 bytes
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.CALL, 3, opcode.RET)
	putValOff := w.Len()
	emit.String(w.BinWriter, "initial")
	emit.Syscall(w.BinWriter, interopnames.SystemStorageGetContext)
	emit.Syscall(w.BinWriter, interopnames.SystemStoragePut)
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.RET)
	getValOff := w.Len()
	emit.String(w.BinWriter, "initial")
	emit.Syscall(w.BinWriter, interopnames.SystemStorageGetContext)
	emit.Syscall(w.BinWriter, interopnames.SystemStorageGet)
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.RET)
	delValOff := w.Len()
	emit.Syscall(w.BinWriter, interopnames.SystemStorageGetContext)
	emit.Syscall(w.BinWriter, interopnames.SystemStorageDelete)
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.RET)
	onNEP17PaymentOff := w.Len()
	emit.Syscall(w.BinWriter, interopnames.SystemRuntimeGetCallingScriptHash)
	emit.Int(w.BinWriter, 4)
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.PACK)
	emit.String(w.BinWriter, "LastPayment")
	emit.Syscall(w.BinWriter, interopnames.SystemRuntimeNotify)
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.RET)
	onNEP11PaymentOff := w.Len()
	emit.Syscall(w.BinWriter, interopnames.SystemRuntimeGetCallingScriptHash)
	emit.Int(w.BinWriter, 5)
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.PACK)
	emit.String(w.BinWriter, "LostPayment")
	emit.Syscall(w.BinWriter, interopnames.SystemRuntimeNotify)
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.RET)
	update3Off := w.Len()
	emit.Int(w.BinWriter, 3)
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.JMP, 2+1)
	updateOff := w.Len()
	emit.Int(w.BinWriter, 2)
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.PACK)
	emit.AppCallNoArgs(w.BinWriter, mgmtHash, "update", callflag.All)
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.DROP)
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.RET)
	destroyOff := w.Len()
	emit.AppCall(w.BinWriter, mgmtHash, "destroy", callflag.All)
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.DROP)
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.RET)
	invalidStackOff := w.Len()
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.NEWARRAY0, opcode.DUP, opcode.DUP, opcode.APPEND) // recursive array
	emit.Syscall(w.BinWriter, interopnames.SystemStorageGetReadOnlyContext)            // interop item
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.RET)
	callT0Off := w.Len()
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.CALLT, 0, 0, opcode.PUSH1, opcode.ADD, opcode.RET)
	callT1Off := w.Len()
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.CALLT, 1, 0, opcode.RET)
	callT2Off := w.Len()
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.CALLT, 0, 0, opcode.RET)
	burnGasOff := w.Len()
	emit.Syscall(w.BinWriter, interopnames.SystemRuntimeBurnGas)
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.RET)
	invocCounterOff := w.Len()
	emit.Syscall(w.BinWriter, interopnames.SystemRuntimeGetInvocationCounter)
	emit.Opcodes(w.BinWriter, opcode.RET)

	script := w.Bytes()
	m := manifest.NewManifest("TestMain")
	m.ABI.Methods = []manifest.Method{
		{
			Name:   "add",
			Offset: addOff,
			Parameters: []manifest.Parameter{
				manifest.NewParameter("addend1", smartcontract.IntegerType),
				manifest.NewParameter("addend2", smartcontract.IntegerType),
			},
			ReturnType: smartcontract.IntegerType,
		},
		{
			Name:   "add",
			Offset: addMultiOff,
			Parameters: []manifest.Parameter{
				manifest.NewParameter("addend1", smartcontract.IntegerType),
				manifest.NewParameter("addend2", smartcontract.IntegerType),
				manifest.NewParameter("addend3", smartcontract.IntegerType),
			},
			ReturnType: smartcontract.IntegerType,
		},
		{
			Name:       "ret7",
			Offset:     ret7Off,
			Parameters: []manifest.Parameter{},
			ReturnType: smartcontract.IntegerType,
		},
		{
			Name:       "drop",
			Offset:     dropOff,
			ReturnType: smartcontract.VoidType,
		},
		{
			Name:       manifest.MethodInit,
			Offset:     initOff,
			ReturnType: smartcontract.VoidType,
		},
		{
			Name:   "add3",
			Offset: add3Off,
			Parameters: []manifest.Parameter{
				manifest.NewParameter("addend", smartcontract.IntegerType),
			},
			ReturnType: smartcontract.IntegerType,
		},
		{
			Name:       "invalidReturn",
			Offset:     invalidRetOff,
			ReturnType: smartcontract.IntegerType,
		},
		{
			Name:       "justReturn",
			Offset:     justRetOff,
			ReturnType: smartcontract.VoidType,
		},
		{
			Name:       manifest.MethodVerify,
			Offset:     verifyOff,
			ReturnType: smartcontract.BoolType,
		},
		{
			Name:   manifest.MethodDeploy,
			Offset: deployOff,
			Parameters: []manifest.Parameter{
				manifest.NewParameter("data", smartcontract.AnyType),
				manifest.NewParameter("isUpdate", smartcontract.BoolType),
			},
			ReturnType: smartcontract.VoidType,
		},
		{
			Name:       "getValue",
			Offset:     getValOff,
			ReturnType: smartcontract.StringType,
		},
		{
			Name:   "putValue",
			Offset: putValOff,
			Parameters: []manifest.Parameter{
				manifest.NewParameter("value", smartcontract.StringType),
			},
			ReturnType: smartcontract.VoidType,
		},
		{
			Name:   "delValue",
			Offset: delValOff,
			Parameters: []manifest.Parameter{
				manifest.NewParameter("key", smartcontract.StringType),
			},
			ReturnType: smartcontract.VoidType,
		},
		{
			Name:   manifest.MethodOnNEP11Payment,
			Offset: onNEP11PaymentOff,
			Parameters: []manifest.Parameter{
				manifest.NewParameter("from", smartcontract.Hash160Type),
				manifest.NewParameter("amount", smartcontract.IntegerType),
				manifest.NewParameter("tokenid", smartcontract.ByteArrayType),
				manifest.NewParameter("data", smartcontract.AnyType),
			},
			ReturnType: smartcontract.VoidType,
		},
		{
			Name:   manifest.MethodOnNEP17Payment,
			Offset: onNEP17PaymentOff,
			Parameters: []manifest.Parameter{
				manifest.NewParameter("from", smartcontract.Hash160Type),
				manifest.NewParameter("amount", smartcontract.IntegerType),
				manifest.NewParameter("data", smartcontract.AnyType),
			},
			ReturnType: smartcontract.VoidType,
		},
		{
			Name:   "update",
			Offset: updateOff,
			Parameters: []manifest.Parameter{
				manifest.NewParameter("nef", smartcontract.ByteArrayType),
				manifest.NewParameter("manifest", smartcontract.ByteArrayType),
			},
			ReturnType: smartcontract.VoidType,
		},
		{
			Name:   "update",
			Offset: update3Off,
			Parameters: []manifest.Parameter{
				manifest.NewParameter("nef", smartcontract.ByteArrayType),
				manifest.NewParameter("manifest", smartcontract.ByteArrayType),
				manifest.NewParameter("data", smartcontract.AnyType),
			},
			ReturnType: smartcontract.VoidType,
		},
		{
			Name:       "destroy",
			Offset:     destroyOff,
			ReturnType: smartcontract.VoidType,
		},
		{
			Name:       "invalidStack",
			Offset:     invalidStackOff,
			ReturnType: smartcontract.VoidType,
		},
		{
			Name:   "callT0",
			Offset: callT0Off,
			Parameters: []manifest.Parameter{
				manifest.NewParameter("address", smartcontract.Hash160Type),
			},
			ReturnType: smartcontract.IntegerType,
		},
		{
			Name:       "callT1",
			Offset:     callT1Off,
			ReturnType: smartcontract.IntegerType,
		},
		{
			Name:       "callT2",
			Offset:     callT2Off,
			ReturnType: smartcontract.IntegerType,
		},
		{
			Name:   "burnGas",
			Offset: burnGasOff,
			Parameters: []manifest.Parameter{
				manifest.NewParameter("amount", smartcontract.IntegerType),
			},
			ReturnType: smartcontract.VoidType,
		},
		{
			Name:       "invocCounter",
			Offset:     invocCounterOff,
			ReturnType: smartcontract.IntegerType,
		},
	}
	m.Permissions = make([]manifest.Permission, 2)
	m.Permissions[0].Contract.Type = manifest.PermissionHash
	m.Permissions[0].Contract.Value = bc.contracts.NEO.Hash
	m.Permissions[0].Methods.Add("balanceOf")

	m.Permissions[1].Contract.Type = manifest.PermissionHash
	m.Permissions[1].Contract.Value = util.Uint160{}
	m.Permissions[1].Methods.Add("method")

	// Generate NEF file.
	ne, err := nef.NewFile(script)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	ne.Tokens = []nef.MethodToken{
		{
			Hash:       neoHash,
			Method:     "balanceOf",
			ParamCount: 1,
			HasReturn:  true,
			CallFlag:   callflag.ReadStates,
		},
		{
			Hash:      util.Uint160{},
			Method:    "method",
			HasReturn: true,
			CallFlag:  callflag.ReadStates,
		},
	}
	ne.Checksum = ne.CalculateChecksum()

	// Write first NEF file.
	bytes, err := ne.Bytes()
	require.NoError(t, err)
	if saveState {
		err = ioutil.WriteFile(helper1ContractNEFPath, bytes, os.ModePerm)
		require.NoError(t, err)
	}

	// Write first manifest file.
	mData, err := json.Marshal(m)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	if saveState {
		err = ioutil.WriteFile(helper1ContractManifestPath, mData, os.ModePerm)
		require.NoError(t, err)
	}

	// Create hash of the first contract assuming that sender is single-chain validator.
	h := state.CreateContractHash(singleChainValidatorHash, ne.Checksum, m.Name)

	currScript := []byte{byte(opcode.RET)}
	m = manifest.NewManifest("TestAux")
	perm := manifest.NewPermission(manifest.PermissionHash, h)
	perm.Methods.Add("add")
	perm.Methods.Add("drop")
	perm.Methods.Add("add3")
	perm.Methods.Add("invalidReturn")
	perm.Methods.Add("justReturn")
	perm.Methods.Add("getValue")
	m.Permissions = append(m.Permissions, *perm)
	ne, err = nef.NewFile(currScript)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	// Write second NEF file.
	bytes, err = ne.Bytes()
	require.NoError(t, err)
	if saveState {
		err = ioutil.WriteFile(helper2ContractNEFPath, bytes, os.ModePerm)
		require.NoError(t, err)
	}

	// Write second manifest file.
	mData, err = json.Marshal(m)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	if saveState {
		err = ioutil.WriteFile(helper2ContractManifestPath, mData, os.ModePerm)
		require.NoError(t, err)
	}

	require.False(t, saveState)
}

// getTestContractState returns 2 contracts second of which is allowed to call the first.
func getTestContractState(t *testing.T, id1, id2 int32, sender2 util.Uint160) (*state.Contract, *state.Contract) {
	errNotFound := errors.New("auto-generated oracle contract is not found, use TestGenerateOracleContract to regenerate")

	neBytes, err := ioutil.ReadFile(helper1ContractNEFPath)
	require.NoError(t, err, fmt.Errorf("nef1: %w", errNotFound))
	ne, err := nef.FileFromBytes(neBytes)
	require.NoError(t, err)

	mBytes, err := ioutil.ReadFile(helper1ContractManifestPath)
	require.NoError(t, err, fmt.Errorf("manifest1: %w", errNotFound))
	m := &manifest.Manifest{}
	err = json.Unmarshal(mBytes, m)
	require.NoError(t, err)

	cs1 := &state.Contract{
		ContractBase: state.ContractBase{
			NEF:      ne,
			Manifest: *m,
			ID:       id1,
		},
	}

	neBytes, err = ioutil.ReadFile(helper2ContractNEFPath)
	require.NoError(t, err, fmt.Errorf("nef2: %w", errNotFound))
	ne, err = nef.FileFromBytes(neBytes)
	require.NoError(t, err)

	mBytes, err = ioutil.ReadFile(helper2ContractManifestPath)
	require.NoError(t, err, fmt.Errorf("manifest2: %w", errNotFound))
	m = &manifest.Manifest{}
	err = json.Unmarshal(mBytes, m)
	require.NoError(t, err)

	// Retrieve hash of the first contract from the permissions of the second contract.
	require.Equal(t, 1, len(m.Permissions))
	require.Equal(t, manifest.PermissionHash, m.Permissions[0].Contract.Type)
	cs1.Hash = m.Permissions[0].Contract.Hash()

	cs2 := &state.Contract{
		ContractBase: state.ContractBase{
			NEF:      ne,
			Manifest: *m,
			ID:       id2,
			Hash:     state.CreateContractHash(sender2, ne.Checksum, m.Name),
		},
	}

	return cs1, cs2
}

func loadScript(ic *interop.Context, script []byte, args ...interface{}) {
	ic.SpawnVM()
	ic.VM.LoadScriptWithFlags(script, callflag.AllowCall)
	for i := range args {
		ic.VM.Estack().PushVal(args[i])
	}
	ic.VM.GasLimit = -1
}

func loadScriptWithHashAndFlags(ic *interop.Context, script []byte, hash util.Uint160, f callflag.CallFlag, args ...interface{}) {
	ic.SpawnVM()
	ic.VM.LoadScriptWithHash(script, hash, f)
	for i := range args {
		ic.VM.Estack().PushVal(args[i])
	}
	ic.VM.GasLimit = -1
}

func TestContractCall(t *testing.T) {
	_, ic, bc := createVM(t)

	cs, currCs := getTestContractState(t, 4, 5, random.Uint160()) // sender and IDs are not important for the test
	require.NoError(t, bc.contracts.Management.PutContractState(ic.DAO, cs))
	require.NoError(t, bc.contracts.Management.PutContractState(ic.DAO, currCs))

	currScript := currCs.NEF.Script
	h := cs.Hash

	addArgs := stackitem.NewArray([]stackitem.Item{stackitem.Make(1), stackitem.Make(2)})
	t.Run("Good", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Run("2 arguments", func(t *testing.T) {
			loadScript(ic, currScript, 42)
			ic.VM.Estack().PushVal(addArgs)
			ic.VM.Estack().PushVal(callflag.All)
			ic.VM.Estack().PushVal("add")
			ic.VM.Estack().PushVal(h.BytesBE())
			require.NoError(t, contract.Call(ic))
			require.NoError(t, ic.VM.Run())
			require.Equal(t, 2, ic.VM.Estack().Len())
			require.Equal(t, big.NewInt(3), ic.VM.Estack().Pop().Value())
			require.Equal(t, big.NewInt(42), ic.VM.Estack().Pop().Value())
		})
		t.Run("3 arguments", func(t *testing.T) {
			loadScript(ic, currScript, 42)
			ic.VM.Estack().PushVal(stackitem.NewArray(
				append(addArgs.Value().([]stackitem.Item), stackitem.Make(3))))
			ic.VM.Estack().PushVal(callflag.All)
			ic.VM.Estack().PushVal("add")
			ic.VM.Estack().PushVal(h.BytesBE())
			require.NoError(t, contract.Call(ic))
			require.NoError(t, ic.VM.Run())
			require.Equal(t, 2, ic.VM.Estack().Len())
			require.Equal(t, big.NewInt(6), ic.VM.Estack().Pop().Value())
			require.Equal(t, big.NewInt(42), ic.VM.Estack().Pop().Value())
		})
	})

	t.Run("CallExInvalidFlag", func(t *testing.T) {
		loadScript(ic, currScript, 42)
		ic.VM.Estack().PushVal(addArgs)
		ic.VM.Estack().PushVal(byte(0xFF))
		ic.VM.Estack().PushVal("add")
		ic.VM.Estack().PushVal(h.BytesBE())
		require.Error(t, contract.Call(ic))
	})

	runInvalid := func(args ...interface{}) func(t *testing.T) {
		return func(t *testing.T) {
			loadScriptWithHashAndFlags(ic, currScript, h, callflag.All, 42)
			for i := range args {
				ic.VM.Estack().PushVal(args[i])
			}
			// interops can both return error and panic,
			// we don't care which kind of error has occurred
			require.Panics(t, func() {
				err := contract.Call(ic)
				if err != nil {
					panic(err)
				}
			})
		}
	}

	t.Run("Invalid", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Run("Hash", runInvalid(addArgs, "add", h.BytesBE()[1:]))
		t.Run("MissingHash", runInvalid(addArgs, "add", util.Uint160{}.BytesBE()))
		t.Run("Method", runInvalid(addArgs, stackitem.NewInterop("add"), h.BytesBE()))
		t.Run("MissingMethod", runInvalid(addArgs, "sub", h.BytesBE()))
		t.Run("DisallowedMethod", runInvalid(stackitem.NewArray(nil), "ret7", h.BytesBE()))
		t.Run("Arguments", runInvalid(1, "add", h.BytesBE()))
		t.Run("NotEnoughArguments", runInvalid(
			stackitem.NewArray([]stackitem.Item{stackitem.Make(1)}), "add", h.BytesBE()))
		t.Run("TooMuchArguments", runInvalid(
			stackitem.NewArray([]stackitem.Item{
				stackitem.Make(1), stackitem.Make(2), stackitem.Make(3), stackitem.Make(4)}),
			"add", h.BytesBE()))
	})

	t.Run("ReturnValues", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Run("Many", func(t *testing.T) {
			loadScript(ic, currScript, 42)
			ic.VM.Estack().PushVal(stackitem.NewArray(nil))
			ic.VM.Estack().PushVal(callflag.All)
			ic.VM.Estack().PushVal("invalidReturn")
			ic.VM.Estack().PushVal(h.BytesBE())
			require.NoError(t, contract.Call(ic))
			require.Error(t, ic.VM.Run())
		})
		t.Run("Void", func(t *testing.T) {
			loadScript(ic, currScript, 42)
			ic.VM.Estack().PushVal(stackitem.NewArray(nil))
			ic.VM.Estack().PushVal(callflag.All)
			ic.VM.Estack().PushVal("justReturn")
			ic.VM.Estack().PushVal(h.BytesBE())
			require.NoError(t, contract.Call(ic))
			require.NoError(t, ic.VM.Run())
			require.Equal(t, 2, ic.VM.Estack().Len())
			require.Equal(t, stackitem.Null{}, ic.VM.Estack().Pop().Item())
			require.Equal(t, big.NewInt(42), ic.VM.Estack().Pop().Value())
		})
	})

	t.Run("IsolatedStack", func(t *testing.T) {
		loadScript(ic, currScript, 42)
		ic.VM.Estack().PushVal(stackitem.NewArray(nil))
		ic.VM.Estack().PushVal(callflag.All)
		ic.VM.Estack().PushVal("drop")
		ic.VM.Estack().PushVal(h.BytesBE())
		require.NoError(t, contract.Call(ic))
		require.Error(t, ic.VM.Run())
	})

	t.Run("CallInitialize", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Run("Directly", runInvalid(stackitem.NewArray([]stackitem.Item{}), "_initialize", h.BytesBE()))

		loadScript(ic, currScript, 42)
		ic.VM.Estack().PushVal(stackitem.NewArray([]stackitem.Item{stackitem.Make(5)}))
		ic.VM.Estack().PushVal(callflag.All)
		ic.VM.Estack().PushVal("add3")
		ic.VM.Estack().PushVal(h.BytesBE())
		require.NoError(t, contract.Call(ic))
		require.NoError(t, ic.VM.Run())
		require.Equal(t, 2, ic.VM.Estack().Len())
		require.Equal(t, big.NewInt(8), ic.VM.Estack().Pop().Value())
		require.Equal(t, big.NewInt(42), ic.VM.Estack().Pop().Value())
	})
}

func TestContractGetCallFlags(t *testing.T) {
	v, ic, _ := createVM(t)

	v.LoadScriptWithHash([]byte{byte(opcode.RET)}, util.Uint160{1, 2, 3}, callflag.All)
	require.NoError(t, contractGetCallFlags(ic))
	require.Equal(t, int64(callflag.All), v.Estack().Pop().Value().(*big.Int).Int64())
}

func TestRuntimeCheckWitness(t *testing.T) {
	_, ic, bc := createVM(t)

	script := []byte{byte(opcode.RET)}
	scriptHash := hash.Hash160(script)
	check := func(t *testing.T, ic *interop.Context, arg interface{}, shouldFail bool, expected ...bool) {
		ic.VM.Estack().PushVal(arg)
		err := runtime.CheckWitness(ic)
		if shouldFail {
			require.Error(t, err)
		} else {
			require.NoError(t, err)
			require.NotNil(t, expected)
			actual, ok := ic.VM.Estack().Pop().Value().(bool)
			require.True(t, ok)
			require.Equal(t, expected[0], actual)
		}
	}
	t.Run("error", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Run("not a hash or key", func(t *testing.T) {
			check(t, ic, []byte{1, 2, 3}, true)
		})
		t.Run("script container is not a transaction", func(t *testing.T) {
			loadScriptWithHashAndFlags(ic, script, scriptHash, callflag.ReadStates)
			check(t, ic, random.Uint160().BytesBE(), true)
		})
		t.Run("check scope", func(t *testing.T) {
			t.Run("CustomGroups, missing ReadStates flag", func(t *testing.T) {
				hash := random.Uint160()
				tx := &transaction.Transaction{
					Signers: []transaction.Signer{
						{
							Account:       hash,
							Scopes:        transaction.CustomGroups,
							AllowedGroups: []*keys.PublicKey{},
						},
					},
				}
				ic.Tx = tx
				callingScriptHash := scriptHash
				loadScriptWithHashAndFlags(ic, script, callingScriptHash, callflag.All)
				ic.VM.LoadScriptWithHash([]byte{0x1}, random.Uint160(), callflag.AllowCall)
				check(t, ic, hash.BytesBE(), true)
			})
			t.Run("Rules, missing ReadStates flag", func(t *testing.T) {
				hash := random.Uint160()
				pk, err := keys.NewPrivateKey()
				require.NoError(t, err)
				tx := &transaction.Transaction{
					Signers: []transaction.Signer{
						{
							Account: hash,
							Scopes:  transaction.Rules,
							Rules: []transaction.WitnessRule{{
								Action:    transaction.WitnessAllow,
								Condition: (*transaction.ConditionGroup)(pk.PublicKey()),
							}},
						},
					},
				}
				ic.Tx = tx
				callingScriptHash := scriptHash
				loadScriptWithHashAndFlags(ic, script, callingScriptHash, callflag.All)
				ic.VM.LoadScriptWithHash([]byte{0x1}, random.Uint160(), callflag.AllowCall)
				check(t, ic, hash.BytesBE(), true)
			})
		})
	})
	t.Run("positive", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Run("calling scripthash", func(t *testing.T) {
			t.Run("hashed witness", func(t *testing.T) {
				callingScriptHash := scriptHash
				loadScriptWithHashAndFlags(ic, script, callingScriptHash, callflag.All)
				ic.VM.LoadScriptWithHash([]byte{0x1}, random.Uint160(), callflag.All)
				check(t, ic, callingScriptHash.BytesBE(), false, true)
			})
			t.Run("keyed witness", func(t *testing.T) {
				pk, err := keys.NewPrivateKey()
				require.NoError(t, err)
				callingScriptHash := pk.PublicKey().GetScriptHash()
				loadScriptWithHashAndFlags(ic, script, callingScriptHash, callflag.All)
				ic.VM.LoadScriptWithHash([]byte{0x1}, random.Uint160(), callflag.All)
				check(t, ic, pk.PublicKey().Bytes(), false, true)
			})
		})
		t.Run("check scope", func(t *testing.T) {
			t.Run("Global", func(t *testing.T) {
				hash := random.Uint160()
				tx := &transaction.Transaction{
					Signers: []transaction.Signer{
						{
							Account: hash,
							Scopes:  transaction.Global,
						},
					},
				}
				loadScriptWithHashAndFlags(ic, script, scriptHash, callflag.ReadStates)
				ic.Tx = tx
				check(t, ic, hash.BytesBE(), false, true)
			})
			t.Run("CalledByEntry", func(t *testing.T) {
				hash := random.Uint160()
				tx := &transaction.Transaction{
					Signers: []transaction.Signer{
						{
							Account: hash,
							Scopes:  transaction.CalledByEntry,
						},
					},
				}
				loadScriptWithHashAndFlags(ic, script, scriptHash, callflag.ReadStates)
				ic.Tx = tx
				check(t, ic, hash.BytesBE(), false, true)
			})
			t.Run("CustomContracts", func(t *testing.T) {
				hash := random.Uint160()
				tx := &transaction.Transaction{
					Signers: []transaction.Signer{
						{
							Account:          hash,
							Scopes:           transaction.CustomContracts,
							AllowedContracts: []util.Uint160{scriptHash},
						},
					},
				}
				loadScriptWithHashAndFlags(ic, script, scriptHash, callflag.ReadStates)
				ic.Tx = tx
				check(t, ic, hash.BytesBE(), false, true)
			})
			t.Run("CustomGroups", func(t *testing.T) {
				t.Run("unknown scripthash", func(t *testing.T) {
					hash := random.Uint160()
					tx := &transaction.Transaction{
						Signers: []transaction.Signer{
							{
								Account:       hash,
								Scopes:        transaction.CustomGroups,
								AllowedGroups: []*keys.PublicKey{},
							},
						},
					}
					loadScriptWithHashAndFlags(ic, script, scriptHash, callflag.ReadStates)
					ic.Tx = tx
					check(t, ic, hash.BytesBE(), false, false)
				})
				t.Run("positive", func(t *testing.T) {
					targetHash := random.Uint160()
					pk, err := keys.NewPrivateKey()
					require.NoError(t, err)
					tx := &transaction.Transaction{
						Signers: []transaction.Signer{
							{
								Account:       targetHash,
								Scopes:        transaction.CustomGroups,
								AllowedGroups: []*keys.PublicKey{pk.PublicKey()},
							},
						},
					}
					contractScript := []byte{byte(opcode.PUSH1), byte(opcode.RET)}
					contractScriptHash := hash.Hash160(contractScript)
					ne, err := nef.NewFile(contractScript)
					require.NoError(t, err)
					contractState := &state.Contract{
						ContractBase: state.ContractBase{
							ID:   15,
							Hash: contractScriptHash,
							NEF:  *ne,
							Manifest: manifest.Manifest{
								Groups: []manifest.Group{{PublicKey: pk.PublicKey(), Signature: make([]byte, keys.SignatureLen)}},
							},
						},
					}
					require.NoError(t, bc.contracts.Management.PutContractState(ic.DAO, contractState))
					loadScriptWithHashAndFlags(ic, contractScript, contractScriptHash, callflag.All)
					ic.Tx = tx
					check(t, ic, targetHash.BytesBE(), false, true)
				})
			})
			t.Run("Rules", func(t *testing.T) {
				t.Run("no match", func(t *testing.T) {
					hash := random.Uint160()
					tx := &transaction.Transaction{
						Signers: []transaction.Signer{
							{
								Account: hash,
								Scopes:  transaction.Rules,
								Rules: []transaction.WitnessRule{{
									Action:    transaction.WitnessAllow,
									Condition: (*transaction.ConditionScriptHash)(&hash),
								}},
							},
						},
					}
					loadScriptWithHashAndFlags(ic, script, scriptHash, callflag.ReadStates)
					ic.Tx = tx
					check(t, ic, hash.BytesBE(), false, false)
				})
				t.Run("allow", func(t *testing.T) {
					hash := random.Uint160()
					var cond = true
					tx := &transaction.Transaction{
						Signers: []transaction.Signer{
							{
								Account: hash,
								Scopes:  transaction.Rules,
								Rules: []transaction.WitnessRule{{
									Action:    transaction.WitnessAllow,
									Condition: (*transaction.ConditionBoolean)(&cond),
								}},
							},
						},
					}
					loadScriptWithHashAndFlags(ic, script, scriptHash, callflag.ReadStates)
					ic.Tx = tx
					check(t, ic, hash.BytesBE(), false, true)
				})
				t.Run("deny", func(t *testing.T) {
					hash := random.Uint160()
					var cond = true
					tx := &transaction.Transaction{
						Signers: []transaction.Signer{
							{
								Account: hash,
								Scopes:  transaction.Rules,
								Rules: []transaction.WitnessRule{{
									Action:    transaction.WitnessDeny,
									Condition: (*transaction.ConditionBoolean)(&cond),
								}},
							},
						},
					}
					loadScriptWithHashAndFlags(ic, script, scriptHash, callflag.ReadStates)
					ic.Tx = tx
					check(t, ic, hash.BytesBE(), false, false)
				})
			})
			t.Run("bad scope", func(t *testing.T) {
				hash := random.Uint160()
				tx := &transaction.Transaction{
					Signers: []transaction.Signer{
						{
							Account: hash,
							Scopes:  transaction.None,
						},
					},
				}
				loadScriptWithHashAndFlags(ic, script, scriptHash, callflag.ReadStates)
				ic.Tx = tx
				check(t, ic, hash.BytesBE(), false, false)
			})
		})
	})
}

func TestLoadToken(t *testing.T) {
	bc := newTestChain(t)

	cs, _ := getTestContractState(t, 4, 5, random.Uint160()) // sender and IDs are not important for the test
	require.NoError(t, bc.contracts.Management.PutContractState(bc.dao, cs))

	t.Run("good", func(t *testing.T) {
		aer, err := invokeContractMethod(bc, 1_00000000, cs.Hash, "callT0", neoOwner.BytesBE())
		require.NoError(t, err)
		realBalance, _ := bc.GetGoverningTokenBalance(neoOwner)
		checkResult(t, aer, stackitem.Make(realBalance.Int64()+1))
	})
	t.Run("invalid param count", func(t *testing.T) {
		aer, err := invokeContractMethod(bc, 1_00000000, cs.Hash, "callT2")
		require.NoError(t, err)
		checkFAULTState(t, aer)
	})
	t.Run("invalid contract", func(t *testing.T) {
		aer, err := invokeContractMethod(bc, 1_00000000, cs.Hash, "callT1")
		require.NoError(t, err)
		checkFAULTState(t, aer)
	})
}

func TestRuntimeGetNetwork(t *testing.T) {
	bc := newTestChain(t)

	w := io.NewBufBinWriter()
	emit.Syscall(w.BinWriter, interopnames.SystemRuntimeGetNetwork)
	require.NoError(t, w.Err)

	tx := transaction.New(w.Bytes(), 10_000)
	tx.ValidUntilBlock = bc.BlockHeight() + 1
	addSigners(neoOwner, tx)
	require.NoError(t, testchain.SignTx(bc, tx))

	require.NoError(t, bc.AddBlock(bc.newBlock(tx)))

	aer, err := bc.GetAppExecResults(tx.Hash(), trigger.Application)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	checkResult(t, &aer[0], stackitem.Make(uint32(bc.config.Magic)))
}

func TestRuntimeBurnGas(t *testing.T) {
	bc := newTestChain(t)

	cs, _ := getTestContractState(t, 4, 5, random.Uint160()) // sender and IDs are not important for the test
	require.NoError(t, bc.contracts.Management.PutContractState(bc.dao, cs))

	const sysFee = 2_000000

	t.Run("good", func(t *testing.T) {
		aer, err := invokeContractMethod(bc, sysFee, cs.Hash, "burnGas", int64(1))
		require.NoError(t, err)
		require.Equal(t, vm.HaltState, aer.VMState)

		t.Run("gas limit exceeded", func(t *testing.T) {
			aer, err = invokeContractMethod(bc, aer.GasConsumed, cs.Hash, "burnGas", int64(2))
			require.NoError(t, err)
			require.Equal(t, vm.FaultState, aer.VMState)
		})
	})
	t.Run("too big integer", func(t *testing.T) {
		gas := big.NewInt(math.MaxInt64)
		gas.Add(gas, big.NewInt(1))

		aer, err := invokeContractMethod(bc, sysFee, cs.Hash, "burnGas", gas)
		require.NoError(t, err)
		checkFAULTState(t, aer)
	})
	t.Run("zero GAS", func(t *testing.T) {
		aer, err := invokeContractMethod(bc, sysFee, cs.Hash, "burnGas", int64(0))
		require.NoError(t, err)
		checkFAULTState(t, aer)
	})
}