Merge pull request #1343 from nspcc-dev/compiler/recover

Support `defer` statement
This commit is contained in:
Roman Khimov 2020-08-27 17:33:12 +03:00 committed by GitHub
commit 3468f97836
No known key found for this signature in database
GPG key ID: 4AEE18F83AFDEB23
12 changed files with 384 additions and 63 deletions

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@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ a dialect of Go rather than a complete port of the language:
* goroutines, channels and garbage collection are not supported and will
never be because emulating that aspects of Go runtime on top of Neo VM is
close to impossible
* even though `panic()` is supported, `recover()` is not, `panic` shuts the
VM down
* lambdas are not supported (#939)
* it's not possible to rename imported interop packages, they won't work this
way (#397, #913)
* `defer` and `recover` are supported except for cases where panic occurs in
`return` statement, because this complicates implementation and imposes runtime
overhead for all contracts. This can easily be mitigated by first storing values
in variables and returning the result.
* lambdas are supported, but closures are not.
## VM API (interop layer)
Compiler translates interop function calls into NEO VM syscalls or (for custom

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@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import (
var (
// Go language builtin functions.
goBuiltins = []string{"len", "append", "panic", "make", "copy"}
goBuiltins = []string{"len", "append", "panic", "make", "copy", "recover"}
// Custom builtin utility functions.
customBuiltins = []string{
"FromAddress", "Equals",
@ -40,23 +40,30 @@ func (c *codegen) getIdentName(pkg string, name string) string {
// and returns number of variables initialized and
// true if any init functions were encountered.
func (c *codegen) traverseGlobals() (int, bool) {
var hasDefer bool
var n int
var hasInit bool
c.ForEachFile(func(f *ast.File, _ *types.Package) {
n += countGlobals(f)
if !hasInit {
if !hasInit || !hasDefer {
ast.Inspect(f, func(node ast.Node) bool {
n, ok := node.(*ast.FuncDecl)
if ok {
switch n := node.(type) {
case *ast.FuncDecl:
if isInitFunc(n) {
hasInit = true
}
return !hasDefer
case *ast.DeferStmt:
hasDefer = true
return false
}
return true
})
}
})
if hasDefer {
n++
}
if n != 0 || hasInit {
if n > 255 {
c.prog.BinWriter.Err = errors.New("too many global variables")
@ -83,6 +90,11 @@ func (c *codegen) traverseGlobals() (int, bool) {
// encountered after will be recognized as globals.
c.scope = nil
})
// store auxiliary variables after all others.
if hasDefer {
c.exceptionIndex = len(c.globals)
c.globals["<exception>"] = c.exceptionIndex
}
}
return n, hasInit
}
@ -92,7 +104,7 @@ func (c *codegen) traverseGlobals() (int, bool) {
func countGlobals(f ast.Node) (i int) {
ast.Inspect(f, func(node ast.Node) bool {
switch n := node.(type) {
// Skip all function declarations.
// Skip all function declarations if we have already encountered `defer`.
case *ast.FuncDecl:
return false
// After skipping all funcDecls we are sure that each value spec

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@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import (
"sort"
"strings"
"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/core/interop/interopnames"
"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/encoding/address"
"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/io"
"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/vm"
@ -78,6 +77,9 @@ type codegen struct {
// packages contains packages in the order they were loaded.
packages []string
// exceptionIndex is the index of static slot where exception is stored.
exceptionIndex int
// documents contains paths to all files used by the program.
documents []string
// docIndex maps file path to an index in documents array.
@ -217,6 +219,11 @@ func getBaseOpcode(t varType) (opcode.Opcode, opcode.Opcode) {
// emitLoadVar loads specified variable to the evaluation stack.
func (c *codegen) emitLoadVar(pkg string, name string) {
t, i := c.getVarIndex(pkg, name)
c.emitLoadByIndex(t, i)
}
// emitLoadByIndex loads specified variable type with index i.
func (c *codegen) emitLoadByIndex(t varType, i int) {
base, _ := getBaseOpcode(t)
if i < 7 {
emit.Opcode(c.prog.BinWriter, base+opcode.Opcode(i))
@ -232,6 +239,11 @@ func (c *codegen) emitStoreVar(pkg string, name string) {
return
}
t, i := c.getVarIndex(pkg, name)
c.emitStoreByIndex(t, i)
}
// emitLoadByIndex stores top value in the specified variable type with index i.
func (c *codegen) emitStoreByIndex(t varType, i int) {
_, base := getBaseOpcode(t)
if i < 7 {
emit.Opcode(c.prog.BinWriter, base+opcode.Opcode(i))
@ -553,6 +565,8 @@ func (c *codegen) Visit(node ast.Node) ast.Visitor {
}
}
c.processDefers()
c.saveSequencePoint(n)
emit.Opcode(c.prog.BinWriter, opcode.RET)
return nil
@ -565,6 +579,9 @@ func (c *codegen) Visit(node ast.Node) ast.Visitor {
lElse := c.newLabel()
lElseEnd := c.newLabel()
if n.Init != nil {
ast.Walk(c, n.Init)
}
if n.Cond != nil {
c.emitBoolExpr(n.Cond, true, false, lElse)
}
@ -708,6 +725,7 @@ func (c *codegen) Visit(node ast.Node) ast.Visitor {
numArgs = len(n.Args)
isBuiltin bool
isFunc bool
isLiteral bool
)
switch fun := n.Fun.(type) {
@ -746,6 +764,8 @@ func (c *codegen) Visit(node ast.Node) ast.Visitor {
ast.Walk(c, n.Args[0])
c.emitConvert(stackitem.BufferT)
return nil
case *ast.FuncLit:
isLiteral = true
}
c.saveSequencePoint(n)
@ -798,6 +818,9 @@ func (c *codegen) Visit(node ast.Node) ast.Visitor {
c.emitLoadVar("", name)
emit.Opcode(c.prog.BinWriter, opcode.CALLA)
}
case isLiteral:
ast.Walk(c, n.Fun)
emit.Opcode(c.prog.BinWriter, opcode.CALLA)
case isSyscall(f):
c.convertSyscall(n, f.pkg.Name(), f.name)
default:
@ -820,6 +843,20 @@ func (c *codegen) Visit(node ast.Node) ast.Visitor {
return nil
case *ast.DeferStmt:
catch := c.newLabel()
finally := c.newLabel()
param := make([]byte, 8)
binary.LittleEndian.PutUint16(param[0:], catch)
binary.LittleEndian.PutUint16(param[4:], finally)
emit.Instruction(c.prog.BinWriter, opcode.TRYL, param)
c.scope.deferStack = append(c.scope.deferStack, deferInfo{
catchLabel: catch,
finallyLabel: finally,
expr: n.Call,
})
return nil
case *ast.SelectorExpr:
typ := c.typeOf(n.X)
if typ == nil {
@ -1081,6 +1118,51 @@ func (c *codegen) Visit(node ast.Node) ast.Visitor {
return c
}
// processDefers emits code for `defer` statements.
// TRY-related opcodes handle exception as follows:
// 1. CATCH block is executed only if exception has occured.
// 2. FINALLY block is always executed, but after catch block.
// Go `defer` statements are a bit different:
// 1. `defer` is always executed irregardless of whether an exception has occured.
// 2. `recover` can or can not handle a possible exception.
// Thus we use the following approach:
// 1. Throwed exception is saved in a static field X, static fields Y and is set to true.
// 2. CATCH and FINALLY blocks are the same, and both contain the same CALLs.
// 3. In CATCH block we set Y to true and emit default return values if it is the last defer.
// 4. Execute FINALLY block only if Y is false.
func (c *codegen) processDefers() {
for i := len(c.scope.deferStack) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
stmt := c.scope.deferStack[i]
after := c.newLabel()
emit.Jmp(c.prog.BinWriter, opcode.ENDTRYL, after)
c.setLabel(stmt.catchLabel)
c.emitStoreByIndex(varGlobal, c.exceptionIndex)
emit.Int(c.prog.BinWriter, 1)
c.emitStoreByIndex(varLocal, c.scope.finallyProcessedIndex)
ast.Walk(c, stmt.expr)
if i == 0 {
// After panic, default values must be returns, except for named returns,
// which we don't support here for now.
for i := len(c.scope.decl.Type.Results.List) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
c.emitDefault(c.typeOf(c.scope.decl.Type.Results.List[i].Type))
}
}
emit.Jmp(c.prog.BinWriter, opcode.ENDTRYL, after)
c.setLabel(stmt.finallyLabel)
before := c.newLabel()
c.emitLoadByIndex(varLocal, c.scope.finallyProcessedIndex)
emit.Jmp(c.prog.BinWriter, opcode.JMPIFL, before)
ast.Walk(c, stmt.expr)
c.setLabel(before)
emit.Int(c.prog.BinWriter, 0)
c.emitStoreByIndex(varLocal, c.scope.finallyProcessedIndex)
emit.Opcode(c.prog.BinWriter, opcode.ENDFINALLY)
c.setLabel(after)
}
}
func (c *codegen) rangeLoadKey() {
emit.Int(c.prog.BinWriter, 2)
emit.Opcode(c.prog.BinWriter, opcode.PICK) // load keys
@ -1428,17 +1510,11 @@ func (c *codegen) convertBuiltin(expr *ast.CallExpr) {
}
}
case "panic":
arg := expr.Args[0]
if isExprNil(arg) {
emit.Opcode(c.prog.BinWriter, opcode.DROP)
emit.Opcode(c.prog.BinWriter, opcode.THROW)
} else if isString(c.typeInfo.Types[arg].Type) {
ast.Walk(c, arg)
emit.Syscall(c.prog.BinWriter, interopnames.SystemRuntimeLog)
emit.Opcode(c.prog.BinWriter, opcode.THROW)
} else {
c.prog.Err = errors.New("panic should have string or nil argument")
}
case "recover":
c.emitLoadByIndex(varGlobal, c.exceptionIndex)
emit.Opcode(c.prog.BinWriter, opcode.PUSHNULL)
c.emitStoreByIndex(varGlobal, c.exceptionIndex)
case "ToInteger", "ToByteArray", "ToBool":
typ := stackitem.IntegerT
switch name {
@ -1482,8 +1558,6 @@ func transformArgs(fun ast.Expr, args []ast.Expr) []ast.Expr {
}
case *ast.Ident:
switch f.Name {
case "panic":
return args[1:]
case "make", "copy":
return nil
}
@ -1778,27 +1852,32 @@ func (c *codegen) writeJumps(b []byte) ([]byte, error) {
case opcode.JMP, opcode.JMPIFNOT, opcode.JMPIF, opcode.CALL,
opcode.JMPEQ, opcode.JMPNE,
opcode.JMPGT, opcode.JMPGE, opcode.JMPLE, opcode.JMPLT:
case opcode.TRYL:
nextIP := ctx.NextIP()
catchArg := b[nextIP-8:]
_, err := c.replaceLabelWithOffset(ctx.IP(), catchArg)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
finallyArg := b[nextIP-4:]
_, err = c.replaceLabelWithOffset(ctx.IP(), finallyArg)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
case opcode.JMPL, opcode.JMPIFL, opcode.JMPIFNOTL,
opcode.JMPEQL, opcode.JMPNEL,
opcode.JMPGTL, opcode.JMPGEL, opcode.JMPLEL, opcode.JMPLTL,
opcode.CALLL, opcode.PUSHA:
opcode.CALLL, opcode.PUSHA, opcode.ENDTRYL:
// we can't use arg returned by ctx.Next() because it is copied
nextIP := ctx.NextIP()
arg := b[nextIP-4:]
index := binary.LittleEndian.Uint16(arg)
if int(index) > len(c.l) {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected label number: %d (max %d)", index, len(c.l))
}
offset := c.l[index] - nextIP + 5
if offset > math.MaxInt32 || offset < math.MinInt32 {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("label offset is too big at the instruction %d: %d (max %d, min %d)",
nextIP-5, offset, math.MaxInt32, math.MinInt32)
offset, err := c.replaceLabelWithOffset(ctx.IP(), arg)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if op != opcode.PUSHA && math.MinInt8 <= offset && offset <= math.MaxInt8 {
offsets = append(offsets, ctx.IP())
}
binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(arg, uint32(offset))
}
}
// Correct function ip range.
@ -1820,6 +1899,20 @@ func (c *codegen) writeJumps(b []byte) ([]byte, error) {
return shortenJumps(b, offsets), nil
}
func (c *codegen) replaceLabelWithOffset(ip int, arg []byte) (int, error) {
index := binary.LittleEndian.Uint16(arg)
if int(index) > len(c.l) {
return 0, fmt.Errorf("unexpected label number: %d (max %d)", index, len(c.l))
}
offset := c.l[index] - ip
if offset > math.MaxInt32 || offset < math.MinInt32 {
return 0, fmt.Errorf("label offset is too big at the instruction %d: %d (max %d, min %d)",
ip, offset, math.MaxInt32, math.MinInt32)
}
binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(arg, uint32(offset))
return offset, nil
}
// longToShortRemoveCount is a difference between short and long instruction sizes in bytes.
const longToShortRemoveCount = 3
@ -1844,18 +1937,34 @@ func shortenJumps(b []byte, offsets []int) []byte {
switch op {
case opcode.JMP, opcode.JMPIFNOT, opcode.JMPIF, opcode.CALL,
opcode.JMPEQ, opcode.JMPNE,
opcode.JMPGT, opcode.JMPGE, opcode.JMPLE, opcode.JMPLT:
opcode.JMPGT, opcode.JMPGE, opcode.JMPLE, opcode.JMPLT, opcode.ENDTRY:
offset := int(int8(b[nextIP-1]))
offset += calcOffsetCorrection(ip, ip+offset, offsets)
b[nextIP-1] = byte(offset)
case opcode.TRY:
catchOffset := int(int8(b[nextIP-2]))
catchOffset += calcOffsetCorrection(ip, ip+catchOffset, offsets)
b[nextIP-1] = byte(catchOffset)
finallyOffset := int(int8(b[nextIP-1]))
finallyOffset += calcOffsetCorrection(ip, ip+finallyOffset, offsets)
b[nextIP-1] = byte(finallyOffset)
case opcode.JMPL, opcode.JMPIFL, opcode.JMPIFNOTL,
opcode.JMPEQL, opcode.JMPNEL,
opcode.JMPGTL, opcode.JMPGEL, opcode.JMPLEL, opcode.JMPLTL,
opcode.CALLL, opcode.PUSHA:
opcode.CALLL, opcode.PUSHA, opcode.ENDTRYL:
arg := b[nextIP-4:]
offset := int(int32(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(arg)))
offset += calcOffsetCorrection(ip, ip+offset, offsets)
binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(arg, uint32(offset))
case opcode.TRYL:
arg := b[nextIP-8:]
catchOffset := int(int32(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(arg)))
catchOffset += calcOffsetCorrection(ip, ip+catchOffset, offsets)
binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(arg, uint32(catchOffset))
arg = b[nextIP-4:]
finallyOffset := int(int32(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(arg)))
finallyOffset += calcOffsetCorrection(ip, ip+finallyOffset, offsets)
binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(arg, uint32(finallyOffset))
}
}
@ -1939,6 +2048,8 @@ func toShortForm(op opcode.Opcode) opcode.Opcode {
return opcode.JMPLT
case opcode.CALLL:
return opcode.CALL
case opcode.ENDTRYL:
return opcode.ENDTRY
default:
panic(fmt.Errorf("invalid opcode: %s", op))
}

139
pkg/compiler/defer_test.go Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
package compiler_test
import (
"math/big"
"testing"
)
func TestDefer(t *testing.T) {
t.Run("Simple", func(t *testing.T) {
src := `package main
var a int
func Main() int {
return h() + a
}
func h() int {
defer f()
return 1
}
func f() { a += 2 }`
eval(t, src, big.NewInt(3))
})
t.Run("ValueUnchanged", func(t *testing.T) {
src := `package main
var a int
func Main() int {
defer f()
a = 3
return a
}
func f() { a += 2 }`
eval(t, src, big.NewInt(3))
})
t.Run("Function", func(t *testing.T) {
src := `package main
var a int
func Main() int {
return h() + a
}
func h() int {
defer f()
a = 3
return g()
}
func g() int {
a++
return a
}
func f() { a += 2 }`
eval(t, src, big.NewInt(10))
})
t.Run("MultipleDefers", func(t *testing.T) {
src := `package main
var a int
func Main() int {
return h() + a
}
func h() int {
defer f()
defer g()
a = 3
return a
}
func g() { a *= 2 }
func f() { a += 2 }`
eval(t, src, big.NewInt(11))
})
t.Run("FunctionLiteral", func(t *testing.T) {
src := `package main
var a int
func Main() int {
return h() + a
}
func h() int {
defer func() {
a = 10
}()
a = 3
return a
}`
eval(t, src, big.NewInt(13))
})
}
func TestRecover(t *testing.T) {
t.Run("Panic", func(t *testing.T) {
src := `package foo
var a int
func Main() int {
return h() + a
}
func h() int {
defer func() {
if r := recover(); r != nil {
a = 3
} else {
a = 4
}
}()
a = 1
panic("msg")
return a
}`
eval(t, src, big.NewInt(3))
})
t.Run("NoPanic", func(t *testing.T) {
src := `package foo
var a int
func Main() int {
return h() + a
}
func h() int {
defer func() {
if r := recover(); r != nil {
a = 3
} else {
a = 4
}
}()
a = 1
return a
}`
eval(t, src, big.NewInt(5))
})
t.Run("PanicInDefer", func(t *testing.T) {
src := `package foo
var a int
func Main() int {
return h() + a
}
func h() int {
defer func() { a += 2; _ = recover() }()
defer func() { a *= 3; _ = recover(); panic("again") }()
a = 1
panic("msg")
return a
}`
eval(t, src, big.NewInt(5))
})
}

View file

@ -30,6 +30,12 @@ type funcScope struct {
// Variables together with it's type in neo-vm.
variables []string
// deferStack is a stack containing encountered `defer` statements.
deferStack []deferInfo
// finallyProcessed is a index of static slot with boolean flag determining
// if `defer` statement was already processed.
finallyProcessedIndex int
// Local variables
vars varScope
@ -45,6 +51,12 @@ type funcScope struct {
i int
}
type deferInfo struct {
catchLabel uint16
finallyLabel uint16
expr *ast.CallExpr
}
func (c *codegen) newFuncScope(decl *ast.FuncDecl, label uint16) *funcScope {
var name string
if decl.Name != nil {
@ -115,6 +127,7 @@ func (c *funcScope) analyzeVoidCalls(node ast.Node) bool {
func (c *funcScope) countLocals() int {
size := 0
hasDefer := false
ast.Inspect(c.decl, func(n ast.Node) bool {
switch n := n.(type) {
case *ast.FuncType:
@ -124,8 +137,11 @@ func (c *funcScope) countLocals() int {
}
case *ast.AssignStmt:
if n.Tok == token.DEFINE {
size += len(n.Rhs)
size += len(n.Lhs)
}
case *ast.DeferStmt:
hasDefer = true
return false
case *ast.ReturnStmt, *ast.IfStmt:
size++
// This handles the inline GenDecl like "var x = 2"
@ -143,6 +159,10 @@ func (c *funcScope) countLocals() int {
}
return true
})
if hasDefer {
c.finallyProcessedIndex = size
size++
}
return size
}

View file

@ -38,6 +38,18 @@ func TestMultiDeclaration(t *testing.T) {
eval(t, src, big.NewInt(6))
}
func TestCountLocal(t *testing.T) {
src := `package foo
func Main() int {
a, b, c, d := f()
return a + b + c + d
}
func f() (int, int, int, int) {
return 1, 2, 3, 4
}`
eval(t, src, big.NewInt(10))
}
func TestMultiDeclarationLocal(t *testing.T) {
src := `package foo
func Main() int {

View file

@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
package compiler_test
import (
"fmt"
"math/big"
"testing"
)
@ -91,3 +92,32 @@ func TestNestedIF(t *testing.T) {
`
eval(t, src, big.NewInt(0))
}
func TestInitIF(t *testing.T) {
t.Run("Simple", func(t *testing.T) {
src := `package foo
func Main() int {
if a := 42; true {
return a
}
return 0
}`
eval(t, src, big.NewInt(42))
})
t.Run("Shadow", func(t *testing.T) {
srcTmpl := `package foo
func Main() int {
a := 11
if a := 42; %v {
return a
}
return a
}`
t.Run("True", func(t *testing.T) {
eval(t, fmt.Sprintf(srcTmpl, true), big.NewInt(42))
})
t.Run("False", func(t *testing.T) {
eval(t, fmt.Sprintf(srcTmpl, false), big.NewInt(11))
})
})
}

View file

@ -13,3 +13,16 @@ func TestFuncLiteral(t *testing.T) {
}`
eval(t, src, big.NewInt(5))
}
func TestCallInPlace(t *testing.T) {
src := `package foo
var a int = 1
func Main() int {
func() {
a += 10
}()
a += 100
return a
}`
eval(t, src, big.NewInt(111))
}

View file

@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
package compiler_test
import (
"errors"
"fmt"
"math/big"
"testing"
"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/core/interop/interopnames"
"github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/vm"
"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
)
@ -18,26 +15,19 @@ func TestPanic(t *testing.T) {
})
t.Run("panic with message", func(t *testing.T) {
var logs []string
src := getPanicSource(true, `"execution fault"`)
v := vmAndCompile(t, src)
v.SyscallHandler = getLogHandler(&logs)
require.Error(t, v.Run())
require.True(t, v.HasFailed())
require.Equal(t, 1, len(logs))
require.Equal(t, "execution fault", logs[0])
})
t.Run("panic with nil", func(t *testing.T) {
var logs []string
src := getPanicSource(true, `nil`)
v := vmAndCompile(t, src)
v.SyscallHandler = getLogHandler(&logs)
require.Error(t, v.Run())
require.True(t, v.HasFailed())
require.Equal(t, 0, len(logs))
})
}
@ -54,16 +44,3 @@ func getPanicSource(need bool, message string) string {
}
`, need, message)
}
func getLogHandler(logs *[]string) vm.SyscallHandler {
logID := interopnames.ToID([]byte(interopnames.SystemRuntimeLog))
return func(v *vm.VM, id uint32) error {
if id != logID {
return errors.New("syscall not found")
}
msg := v.Estack().Pop().String()
*logs = append(*logs, msg)
return nil
}
}

View file

@ -160,5 +160,5 @@ func AppCallWithOperationAndArgs(w *io.BinWriter, scriptHash util.Uint160, opera
}
func isInstructionJmp(op opcode.Opcode) bool {
return opcode.JMP <= op && op <= opcode.CALLL
return opcode.JMP <= op && op <= opcode.CALLL || op == opcode.ENDTRYL
}

View file

@ -1476,6 +1476,7 @@ func (v *VM) Call(ctx *Context, offset int) {
newCtx.CheckReturn = false
newCtx.local = nil
newCtx.arguments = nil
newCtx.tryStack = NewStack("exception")
v.istack.PushVal(newCtx)
v.Jump(newCtx, offset)
}
@ -1517,7 +1518,7 @@ func (v *VM) handleException() {
pop := 0
ictx := v.istack.Peek(0).Value().(*Context)
for ictx != nil {
e := ictx.tryStack.Peek(pop)
e := ictx.tryStack.Peek(0)
for e != nil {
ectx := e.Value().(*exceptionHandlingContext)
if ectx.State == eFinally || (ectx.State == eCatch && !ectx.HasFinally()) {

View file

@ -1336,6 +1336,12 @@ func TestTRY(t *testing.T) {
checkVMFailed(t, vm)
})
})
t.Run("ThrowInCall", func(t *testing.T) {
catchP := []byte{byte(opcode.CALL), 2, byte(opcode.PUSH1), byte(opcode.ADD), byte(opcode.THROW), byte(opcode.RET)}
inner := getTRYProgram(throw, catchP, []byte{byte(opcode.PUSH2)})
// add 5 to the exception, mul to the result of inner finally (2)
getTRYTestFunc(47, inner, append(add5, byte(opcode.MUL)), add9)(t)
})
}
func TestMEMCPY(t *testing.T) {