# NeoGo CLI interface NeoGo CLI provides all functionality from one binary. It's used to run a node, create/compile/deploy/invoke/debug smart contracts, run vm and operate with a wallet. Standard setup assumes that you run a node as a separate process, and it doesn't provide any CLI of its own. Instead, it just makes RPC interface available for you. To perform any actions, you invoke NeoGo as a client that connects to this RPC node and does things you want it to do (like transferring some NEP-17 asset). All CLI commands have corresponding help messages, use `--help` option to get them, for example: ``` ./bin/neo-go db --help ``` ## Running node Use `node` command to run a NeoGo node, it will be configured using a YAML file that contains network parameters as well as node settings. ### Configuration All config files are located in `./config` and they are differentiated according to the network type: - `protocol.mainnet.yml` belongs to `--mainnet` network mode (`-m` short option) - `protocol.privnet.yml` belongs to `--privnet` network mode (`-p` short option) and is used by default - `protocol.testnet.yml` belongs to `--testnet` network mode (`-t` short option) - `protocol.unit_testnet.yml` is used by unit tests If you want to use some non-default configuration directory path, specify `--config-path` flag: `./bin/neo-go node --config-path /user/yourConfigPath` The file loaded is chosen automatically depending on network mode flag. Refer to the [node configuration documentation](./node-configuration.md) for detailed configuration file description. ### Starting a node To start Neo node on private network, use: ``` ./bin/neo-go node ``` Or specify a different network with an appropriate flag like this: ``` ./bin/neo-go node --mainnet ``` By default, the node will run in the foreground using current standard output for logging. ### Node synchronization Most of the services (state validation, oracle, consensus and RPC if configured with `StartWhenSynchronized` option) are only started after the node is completely synchronizaed because running them before that is either pointless or even dangerous. The node considers itself to be fully synchronized with the network if it has more than `MinPeers` neighbours and if at least 2/3 of them are known to have a height less than or equal to the current height of the node. ### Restarting node services On Unix-like platforms HUP, USR1 and USR2 signals can be used to control node services. Upon receiving any of these signals node rereads the configuration file, checks for its compatibility (ProtocolConfiguration can't be changed and ApplicationConfiguration can only be changed for services) and then stops/starts services according to the old and new configurations. Services are broadly split into three main categories: * client-oriented These provide some service to clients: RPC, Pprof and Prometheus servers. They're controlled with the HUP signal. * network-oriented These provide some service to the network: Oracle, State validation and P2P Notary. They're controlled with the USR1 signal. * consensus That's dBFT, it's a special one and it's controlled with USR2. HUP signal also reconfigures logging level if it's changed in the configuration file (LogLevel option in ApplicationConfig). Typical scenarios when this can be useful (without full node restart): * enabling some service * changing RPC configuration * updating TLS certificates for the RPC server * resolving operational issues ### DB import/exports/reset Node operates using some database as a backend to store blockchain data. NeoGo allows to dump chain into a file from the database (when node is stopped) or to import blocks from a file into the database (also when node is stopped). Use `db` command for that. NeoGo allows to reset the node state to a particular point. It is possible for those nodes that do store complete chain state or for nodes with `RemoveUntraceableBlocks` setting on that are not yet reached `MaxTraceableBlocks` number of blocks. Use `db reset` command with the target block specified to roll back all the changes made since the target block (not including changes made by the specified block acceptance). The set of changes to be removed includes blocks, transactions, execution results, contract storage changes, MPT-related auxiliary data and NEP transfers data. Some stale MPT nodes may be left in storage after reset. Once DB reset is finished, the node can be started in a regular manner. ## Smart contracts Use `contract` command to create/compile/deploy/invoke/debug smart contracts, see [compiler documentation](compiler.md). ## Wallet operations `wallet` command provides interface for all operations requiring a wallet (except contract deployment and invocations that are done via `contract deploy` and `contract invokefunction`). Wallet management (creating wallet, adding addresses/keys to it) is available there as well as wallet-related functions like NEP-17 transfers, NEO votes, multi-signature signing and other things. All commands (with few exceptions) accepting wallet via `-w` (or `--wallet`) parameter (and providing an interactive password prompt if needed) can also alternatively work with YAML configuration file passed via the `--wallet-config` parameter. This file uses a format similar to node's wallet-related configuration sections: ``` Path: "/path/to/wallet.json" Password: "pass" ``` For all commands requiring read-only wallet (like `dump-keys`) a special `-` path can be used to read the wallet from the standard input. ### Wallet management #### Create wallet Use `wallet init` command to create a new wallet: ``` ./bin/neo-go wallet init -w wallet.nep6 { "version": "1.0", "accounts": [], "scrypt": { "n": 16384, "r": 8, "p": 8 }, "extra": { "Tokens": null } } wallet successfully created, file location is wallet.nep6 ``` where "wallet.nep6" is a wallet file name. This wallet will be empty. To generate a new key pair and add an account for it, use `-a` option: ``` ./bin/neo-go wallet init -w wallet.nep6 -a Enter the name of the account > Name Enter passphrase > Confirm passphrase > { "version": "1.0", "accounts": [ { "address": "NMe64G6j6nkPZby26JAgpaCNrn1Ee4wW6E", "key": "6PYL2UrC11nWFJWSLiqsPKCNm9u4zr4ttX1ZbV9f2fLDqXsePioVxEsYdg", "label": "Name", "contract": { "script": "DCEDzs1j19gSDDsZTDsogN1Kr+FHXFfkDIUoctcwVhUlgUBBdHR2qg==", "parameters": [ { "name": "parameter0", "type": "Signature" } ], "deployed": false }, "lock": false, "isDefault": false } ], "scrypt": { "n": 16384, "r": 8, "p": 8 }, "extra": { "Tokens": null } } wallet successfully created, file location is wallet.nep6 ``` or use `wallet create` command to create a new account in an existing wallet: ``` ./bin/neo-go wallet create -w wallet.nep6 Enter the name of the account > Joe Random Enter passphrase > Confirm passphrase > ``` #### Convert Neo Legacy wallets to Neo N3 Use `wallet convert` to update addresses in NEP-6 wallets used with Neo Legacy. New wallet is specified in `-o` option, it will have the same keys with Neo N3 addresses (notice that it doesn't do anything to your assets, it just allows to reuse the old key on N3 network). ``` ./bin/neo-go wallet convert -w old.nep6 -o new.nep6 ``` #### Check wallet contents `wallet dump` can be used to see wallet contents in a more user-friendly way, its output is the same NEP-6 JSON, but better formatted. You can also decrypt keys at the same time with `-d` option (you'll be prompted for password): ``` ./bin/neo-go wallet dump -w wallet.nep6 -d Enter wallet password > { "version": "1.0", "accounts": [ { "address": "NMe64G6j6nkPZby26JAgpaCNrn1Ee4wW6E", "key": "6PYL2UrC11nWFJWSLiqsPKCNm9u4zr4ttX1ZbV9f2fLDqXsePioVxEsYdg", "label": "Name", "contract": { "script": "DCEDzs1j19gSDDsZTDsogN1Kr+FHXFfkDIUoctcwVhUlgUBBdHR2qg==", "parameters": [ { "name": "parameter0", "type": "Signature" } ], "deployed": false }, "lock": false, "isDefault": false } ], "scrypt": { "n": 16384, "r": 8, "p": 8 }, "extra": { "Tokens": null } } ``` You can also get public keys for addresses stored in your wallet with `wallet dump-keys` command: ``` ./bin/neo-go wallet dump-keys -w wallet.nep6 NMe64G6j6nkPZby26JAgpaCNrn1Ee4wW6E (simple signature contract): 03cecd63d7d8120c3b194c3b2880dd4aafe1475c57e40c852872d7305615258140 ``` #### Private key export `wallet export` allows you to export a private key in NEP-2 encrypted or WIF (unencrypted) form (`-d` flag). ``` $ ./bin/neo-go wallet export -w wallet.nep6 -d NMe64G6j6nkPZby26JAgpaCNrn1Ee4wW6E Enter password > KyswN8r48dhsvyQJVy97RWnZmKgYLrXv9mCL81Kb4vAagZiCsePv ``` #### Private key import You can import NEP-2 or WIF private key along with verification contract (if it's non-standard): ``` ./bin/neo-go wallet import --wif KwYgW8gcxj1JWJXhPSu4Fqwzfhp5Yfi42mdYmMa4XqK7NJxXUSK7 -w wallet.nep6 Provided WIF was unencrypted. Wallet can contain only encrypted keys. Enter the name of the account > New Account Enter passphrase > Confirm passphrase > ``` #### Special accounts Multisignature accounts can be imported with `wallet import-multisig`, you'll need all public keys and one private key to do that. Then, you could sign transactions for this multisignature account with the imported key. `wallet import-deployed` can be used to create wallet accounts for deployed contracts. They also can have WIF keys associated with them (in case your contract's `verify` method needs some signature). #### Strip keys from accounts `wallet strip-keys` allows you to remove private keys from the wallet, but let it be used for other purposes (like creating transactions for subsequent offline signing). Use with care, don't lose your keys with it. ### Neo voting `wallet candidate` provides commands to register or unregister a committee (and therefore validator) candidate key: ``` ./bin/neo-go wallet candidate register -a NMe64G6j6nkPZby26JAgpaCNrn1Ee4wW6E -w wallet.json -r http://localhost:20332 ``` You can also vote for candidates if you own NEO: ``` ./bin/neo-go wallet candidate vote -a NMe64G6j6nkPZby26JAgpaCNrn1Ee4wW6E -w wallet.json -r http://localhost:20332 -c 03cecd63d7d8120c3b194c3b2880dd4aafe1475c57e40c852872d7305615258140 ``` Do not provide candidate argument to perform unvoting: ``` ./bin/neo-go wallet candidate vote -a NMe64G6j6nkPZby26JAgpaCNrn1Ee4wW6E -w wallet.json -r http://localhost:20332 ``` ### Getting data from chain #### Node height/validated height `query height` returns the latest block and validated state height: ``` $ ./bin/neo-go query height -r http://localhost:20332 Latest block: 11926 Validated state: 11926 ``` #### Transaction status `query tx` provides convenient wrapper over RPC calls to query transaction status. ``` ./bin/neo-go query tx --rpc-endpoint http://localhost:20332 aaf87628851e0c03ee086ff88596bc24de87082e9e5c73d75bb1c740d1d68088 Hash: aaf87628851e0c03ee086ff88596bc24de87082e9e5c73d75bb1c740d1d68088 OnChain: true BlockHash: fabcd46e93b8f4e1bc5689e3e0cc59704320494f7a0265b91ae78b4d747ee93b Success: true ``` `OnChain` is true if the transaction has been included in the block; and `Success` is true if it has been executed successfully. #### Committee members `query commitee` returns a list of current committee members: ``` $ ./bin/neo-go query committee -r http://localhost:20332 03009b7540e10f2562e5fd8fac9eaec25166a58b26e412348ff5a86927bfac22a2 030205e9cefaea5a1dfc580af20c8d5aa2468bb0148f1a5e4605fc622c80e604ba 0207da870cedb777fceff948641021714ec815110ca111ccc7a54c168e065bda70 02147c1b1d5728e1954958daff2f88ee2fa50a06890a8a9db3fa9e972b66ae559f 0214baf0ceea3a66f17e7e1e839ea25fd8bed6cd82e6bb6e68250189065f44ff01 03184b018d6b2bc093e535519732b3fd3f7551c8cffaf4621dd5a0b89482ca66c9 0231edee3978d46c335e851c76059166eb8878516f459e085c0dd092f0f1d51c21 023e9b32ea89b94d066e649b124fd50e396ee91369e8e2a6ae1b11c170d022256d 03408dcd416396f64783ac587ea1e1593c57d9fea880c8a6a1920e92a259477806 035056669864feea401d8c31e447fb82dd29f342a9476cfd449584ce2a6165e4d7 025831cee3708e87d78211bec0d1bfee9f4c85ae784762f042e7f31c0d40c329b8 026328aae34f149853430f526ecaa9cf9c8d78a4ea82d08bdf63dd03c4d0693be6 0370c75c54445565df62cfe2e76fbec4ba00d1298867972213530cae6d418da636 03840415b0a0fcf066bcc3dc92d8349ebd33a6ab1402ef649bae00e5d9f5840828 03957af9e77282ae3263544b7b2458903624adc3f5dee303957cb6570524a5f254 02a7834be9b32e2981d157cb5bbd3acb42cfd11ea5c3b10224d7a44e98c5910f1b 02ba2c70f5996f357a43198705859fae2cfea13e1172962800772b3d588a9d4abd 03c609bea5a4825908027e4ab217e7efc06e311f19ecad9d417089f14927a173d5 02c69a8d084ee7319cfecf5161ff257aa2d1f53e79bf6c6f164cff5d94675c38b3 02cf9dc6e85d581480d91e88e8cbeaa0c153a046e89ded08b4cefd851e1d7325b5 03d84d22b8753cf225d263a3a782a4e16ca72ef323cfde04977c74f14873ab1e4c ``` #### Candidate/voting data `query candidates` returns all current candidates, number of votes for them and their committee/consensus status: ``` $ ./bin/neo-go query candidates -r http://localhost:20332 Key Votes Committee Consensus 03009b7540e10f2562e5fd8fac9eaec25166a58b26e412348ff5a86927bfac22a2 2000000 true true 030205e9cefaea5a1dfc580af20c8d5aa2468bb0148f1a5e4605fc622c80e604ba 2000000 true true 0214baf0ceea3a66f17e7e1e839ea25fd8bed6cd82e6bb6e68250189065f44ff01 2000000 true true 023e9b32ea89b94d066e649b124fd50e396ee91369e8e2a6ae1b11c170d022256d 2000000 true true 03408dcd416396f64783ac587ea1e1593c57d9fea880c8a6a1920e92a259477806 2000000 true true 02a7834be9b32e2981d157cb5bbd3acb42cfd11ea5c3b10224d7a44e98c5910f1b 2000000 true true 02ba2c70f5996f357a43198705859fae2cfea13e1172962800772b3d588a9d4abd 2000000 true true 025664cef0abcba7787ad5fb12f3af31c5cdc7a479068aa2ad8ee78804768bffe9 1000000 false false 03650a684461a64bf46bee561d9981a4c57adc6ccbd3a9512b83701480b30218ab 1000000 false false 026a10aa2b4d7639c5deafa4ff081467db10b5d00432749a2a5ee1d2bfed23e1c0 1000000 false false 02d5786a9214a8a3f1757d7596fd10f5241205e2c0d68362f4766579bac6189249 1000000 false false 033d8e35f8cd9a33852280b6d93093c7292ed5ce90d90f149fa2da50ba6168dfce 100000 false false 0349c7ef0b4aaf181f0a3e1350c527b136cc5b42498cb83ab8880c05ed95167e1c 100000 false false 035b4f9be2b853e06eb5a09c167e038b96b4804235961510423252f2ee3dbba583 100000 false false 027e459b264b6f7e325ab4b0bb0fa641081fb68517fd613ebd7a94cb79d3081e4f 100000 false false 0288cad442a877960c76b4f688f4be30f768256d9a3da2492b0180b91243918b4f 100000 false false 02a40c552798f79636095817ec88924fc6cb7094e5a3cb059a9b3bc91ea3bf0d3d 100000 false false 02db79e69c518ae9254e314b6f5f4b63e914cdd4b2574dc2f9236c01c1fc1d8973 100000 false false 02ec143f00b88524caf36a0121c2de09eef0519ddbe1c710a00f0e2663201ee4c0 100000 false false 03d8d58d2257ca6cb14522b76513d4783f7d481801695893794c2186515c6de76f 0 false false ``` #### Voter data `query voter` returns additional data about NEO holder: the amount of NEO he has, the candidate it voted for (if any) and the block number of the last transactions involving NEO on this account: ``` $ ./bin/neo-go query voter -r http://localhost:20332 Nj91C8TxQSxW1jCE1ytFre6mg5qxTypg1Y Voted: 0214baf0ceea3a66f17e7e1e839ea25fd8bed6cd82e6bb6e68250189065f44ff01 (Nj91C8TxQSxW1jCE1ytFre6mg5qxTypg1Y) Amount : 2000000 Block: 3970 ``` ### Transaction signing `wallet sign` command allows to sign arbitary transactions stored in JSON format (also known as ContractParametersContext). Usually it's used in one of the two cases: multisignature signing (when you don't have all keys for an account and need to share the context with others until enough signatures collected) or offline signing (when the node with a key is completely offline and can't interact with the RPC node directly). #### Multisignature collection For example, you have a four-node default network setup and want to set some key for the oracle role, you create transaction with: ``` $ neo-go contract invokefunction -w .docker/wallets/wallet1.json --out some.part.json -a NVTiAjNgagDkTr5HTzDmQP9kPwPHN5BgVq -r http://localhost:30333 0x49cf4e5378ffcd4dec034fd98a174c5491e395e2 designateAsRole 8 \[ 02b3622bf4017bdfe317c58aed5f4c753f206b7db896046fa7d774bbc4bf7f8dc2 \] -- NVTiAjNgagDkTr5HTzDmQP9kPwPHN5BgVq:CalledByEntry ``` And then sign it with two more keys: ``` $ neo-go wallet sign -w .docker/wallets/wallet2.json --in some.part.json --out some.part.json -a NVTiAjNgagDkTr5HTzDmQP9kPwPHN5BgVq $ neo-go wallet sign -w .docker/wallets/wallet3.json --in some.part.json -r http://localhost:30333 -a NVTiAjNgagDkTr5HTzDmQP9kPwPHN5BgVq ``` Notice that the last command sends the transaction (which has a complete set of singatures for 3/4 multisignature account by that time) to the network. #### Offline signing You want to do a transfer from a single-key account, but the key is on a different (offline) machine. Create a stripped wallet first on the key-holding machine: ``` $ cp wallet.json wallet.stripped.json # don't lose the original wallet $ neo-go wallet strip-keys --wallet wallet.stripped.json ``` This wallet has no keys inside (but has appropriate scripts/addresses), so it can be safely shared with anyone or transferred to network-enabled machine where you then can create a transfer transaction: ``` $ neo-go wallet nep17 transfer --rpc-endpoint http://localhost:20332 \ --wallet wallet.stripped.json --from NjEQfanGEXihz85eTnacQuhqhNnA6LxpLp \ --to Nj91C8TxQSxW1jCE1ytFre6mg5qxTypg1Y --token NEO --amount 1 --out context.json ``` `context.json` can now be transferred to the machine with the `wallet.json` containing proper keys and signed: ``` $ neo-go wallet sign --wallet wallet.json \ -address NjEQfanGEXihz85eTnacQuhqhNnA6LxpLp --in context.json --out context.json ``` Now `context.json` contains a transaction with a complete set of signatures (just one in this case, but of course you can do multisignature collection as well). It can be transferred to network-enabled machine again and the transaction can be sent to the network: ``` $ neo-go util sendtx --rpc-endpoint http://localhost:20332 context.json ``` ### NEP-17 token functions `wallet nep17` contains a set of commands to use for NEP-17 tokens. #### Token metadata NEP-17 commands are designed to work with any NEP-17 tokens, but NeoGo needs some metadata for these tokens to function properly. Native NEO or GAS are known to NeoGo by default, but other tokens are not. NeoGo can get this metadata from the specified RPC server, but that's an additional request to make. So, if you care about command processing delay, you can import token metadata into the wallet with `wallet nep17 import` command. It'll be stored in the `extra` section of the wallet. ``` ./bin/neo-go wallet nep17 import -w wallet.nep6 -r http://localhost:20332 -t abcdefc189f30098b0ba6a2eb90b3a925800ffff ``` You can later see what token data you have in your wallet with `wallet nep17 info` command and remove tokens you don't need with `wallet nep17 remove`. #### Balance Getting balance is easy: ``` ./bin/neo-go wallet nep17 balance -w /etc/neo-go/wallet.json -r http://localhost:20332 ``` By default, you'll get data for all tokens that are owned by all accounts stored in the given wallet. You can specify a particular address with `-a` flag and/or select token with `--token` flag (token hash, address, name or symbol can be used as a parameter). #### Transfers `wallet nep17 transfer` creates a token transfer transaction and pushes it to the RPC server (or saves to file if it needs to be signed by multiple parties). For example, transferring 100 GAS looks like this: ``` ./bin/neo-go wallet nep17 transfer -w wallet.nep6 -r http://localhost:20332 --to NjEQfanGEXihz85eTnacQuhqhNnA6LxpLp --from NMe64G6j6nkPZby26JAgpaCNrn1Ee4wW6E --token GAS --amount 100 ``` You can omit `--from` parameter (default wallet's address will be used in this case), you can add `--gas` for extra network fee (raising priority of your transaction). And you can save the transaction to a file with `--out` instead of sending it to the network if it needs to be signed by multiple parties. To add optional `data` transfer parameter, specify `data` positional argument after all required flags. Refer to `wallet nep17 transfer --help` command description for details. One `transfer` invocation creates one transaction. In case you need to do many transfers, you can save on network fees by doing multiple token moves with one transaction by using `wallet nep17 multitransfer` command. It can transfer things from one account to many, its syntax differs from `transfer` in that you don't have `--token`, `--to` and `--amount` options, but instead you can specify multiple "token:addr:amount" sets after all other options. The same transfer as above can be done with `multitransfer` by doing this: ``` ./bin/neo-go wallet nep17 multitransfer -w wallet.nep6 -r http://localhost:20332 --from NMe64G6j6nkPZby26JAgpaCNrn1Ee4wW6E GAS:NjEQfanGEXihz85eTnacQuhqhNnA6LxpLp:100 ``` #### GAS claims While Neo N3 doesn't have any notion of "claim transaction" and has GAS automatically distributed with every NEO transfer for NEO owners, you still won't get GAS if you don't do any actions. So the old `wallet claim` command was updated to be an easier way to do NEO "flipping" when you send a transaction that transfers all of your NEO to yourself thereby triggering GAS distribution. ### NEP-11 token functions `wallet nep11` contains a set of commands to use for NEP-11 tokens. Token metadata related commands (`info`, `import` and `remove`) works the same way as for NEP-17 tokens. The syntax of other commands is very similar to NEP-17 commands with the following adjustments. #### Balance Specify token ID via `--id` flag to get data for a particular NFT: ``` ./bin/neo-go wallet nep11 balance -w /etc/neo-go/wallet.json --token 67ecb7766dba4acf7c877392207984d1b4d15731 --id 7e244ffd6aa85fb1579d2ed22e9b761ab62e3486 -r http://localhost:20332 ``` By default, no token ID specified, i.e all NFTs returned by the server are listed. #### Transfers Specify token ID via `--id` flag to transfer NEP-11 token. Specify the amount to transfer divisible NEP-11 token: ``` ./bin/neo-go wallet nep11 transfer -w wallet.nep6 -r http://localhost:20332 --to NjEQfanGEXihz85eTnacQuhqhNnA6LxpLp --from NMe64G6j6nkPZby26JAgpaCNrn1Ee4wW6E --token 67ecb7766dba4acf7c877392207984d1b4d15731 --id R5OREI5BU+Uyd23/MuV/xzI3F+Q= --amount 5 ``` By default, no amount is specified, i.e. the whole token is transferred for non-divisible tokens and 100% of the token is transferred if there is only one owner of this token for divisible tokens. Unlike NEP-17 tokens functionality, `multitransfer` command is currently not supported on NEP-11 tokens. #### Tokens Of To print token IDs owned by the specified owner, use `tokensOf` command with `--token` and `--address` flags: ``` ./bin/neo-go wallet nep11 tokensOf -r http://localhost:20332 --token 67ecb7766dba4acf7c877392207984d1b4d15731 --address NbrUYaZgyhSkNoRo9ugRyEMdUZxrhkNaWB ``` #### Owner Of For non-divisible NEP-11 tokens only. To print owner of non-divisible NEP-11 token use `ownerOf` method, specify token hash via `--token` flag and token ID via `--id` flag: ``` ./bin/neo-go wallet nep11 ownerOf -r http://localhost:20332 --token 67ecb7766dba4acf7c877392207984d1b4d15731 --id R5OREI5BU+Uyd23/MuV/xzI3F+Q= ``` #### Optional methods ##### 1. Properties If NEP-11 token supports optional `properties` method, specify token hash via `--token` flag and token ID via `--id` flag to print properties: ``` ./bin/neo-go wallet nep11 properties -r http://localhost:20332 --token 67ecb7766dba4acf7c877392207984d1b4d15731 --id 7V5gjT2WwjP3pBCQMKGMfyZsp/w= ``` ##### 2. Tokens If NEP-11 token supports optional `tokens` method, specify token hash via `--token` flag to print the list of token IDs minted by the specified NFT: ``` ./bin/neo-go wallet nep11 tokens -r http://localhost:20332 --token 67ecb7766dba4acf7c877392207984d1b4d15731 ``` ## Utility commands ### Value conversion NeoGo provides conversion utility command to reverse data, convert script hashes to/from address, convert public keys to hashes/addresses, convert data to/from hexadecimal or base64 representation. All of this is done by a single `util convert` command like this: ``` $ ./bin/neo-go util convert deee79c189f30098b0ba6a2eb90b3a9258a6c7ff BE ScriptHash to Address NgEisvCqr2h8wpRxQb7bVPWUZdbVCY8Uo6 LE ScriptHash to Address NjEQfanGEXihz85eTnacQuhqhNnA6LxpLp Hex to String "\xde\xeey\xc1\x89\xf3\x00\x98\xb0\xbaj.\xb9\v:\x92X\xa6\xc7\xff" Hex to Integer -1256651697634605895065630637163547727407485218 Swap Endianness ffc7a658923a0bb92e6abab09800f389c179eede Base64 to String "u\xe7\x9e\xef\xd75\xf3\xd7\xf7\xd3O|oF\xda魞o\xdd\x1bݯv\xe7ƺs\xb7\xdf" Base64 to BigInteger -222811771454869584930239486728381018152491835874567723544539443409000587 String to Hex 64656565373963313839663330303938623062613661326562393062336139323538613663376666 String to Base64 ZGVlZTc5YzE4OWYzMDA5OGIwYmE2YTJlYjkwYjNhOTI1OGE2YzdmZg== ``` ### Transaction dumps/test invocations If you have a transaction signing context saved in a file (and many commands like `wallet nep17 transfer` or `contract invokefunction` can give you one with the `--out` parameter) you may want to check the contents before signing it. This can be done with the `util txdump` command: ``` $ ./bin/neo-go util txdump -r http://localhost:30333 some.part.json Hash: f143059e0c03546db006608e0a0ad4b621b311a48d7fc62bb7062e405ab8e588 OnChain: false ValidUntil: 6004 Signer: NVTiAjNgagDkTr5HTzDmQP9kPwPHN5BgVq (CalledByEntry) SystemFee: 0.0208983 GAS NetworkFee: 0.044159 GAS Script: DCECs2Ir9AF73+MXxYrtX0x1PyBrfbiWBG+n13S7xL9/jcIRwBgSwB8MD2Rlc2lnbmF0ZUFzUm9sZQwU4pXjkVRMF4rZTwPsTc3/eFNOz0lBYn1bUg== INDEX OPCODE PARAMETER 0 PUSHDATA1 02b3622bf4017bdfe317c58aed5f4c753f206b7db896046fa7d774bbc4bf7f8dc2 << 35 PUSH1 36 PACK 37 PUSH8 38 PUSH2 39 PACK 40 PUSH15 41 PUSHDATA1 64657369676e6174654173526f6c65 ("designateAsRole") 58 PUSHDATA1 e295e391544c178ad94f03ec4dcdff78534ecf49 80 SYSCALL System.Contract.Call (627d5b52) { "state": "HALT", "gasconsumed": "2089830", "script": "DCECs2Ir9AF73+MXxYrtX0x1PyBrfbiWBG+n13S7xL9/jcIRwBgSwB8MD2Rlc2lnbmF0ZUFzUm9sZQwU4pXjkVRMF4rZTwPsTc3/eFNOz0lBYn1bUg==", "stack": [ { "type": "Any" } ], "exception": null, "notifications": [ { "contract": "0x49cf4e5378ffcd4dec034fd98a174c5491e395e2", "eventname": "Designation", "state": { "type": "Array", "value": [ { "type": "Integer", "value": "8" }, { "type": "Integer", "value": "245" } ] } } ] } ``` It always outputs the basic data and also can perform test-invocation if an RPC endpoint is given to it. ### Sending signed transaction to the network If you have a completely finished (with all signatures collected) transaction signing context saved in a file you can send it to the network (without any wallet) using `util sendtx` command: ``` $ ./bin/neo-go util sendtx -r http://localhost:30333 some.part.json ``` This is useful in offline signing scenario, where the signing party doesn't have any network access, so you can make a signature there, transfer the file to another machine that has network access and then push the transaction out to the network. ## VM CLI There is a VM CLI that you can use to load/analyze/run/step through some code: ``` ./bin/neo-go vm ``` Some basic commands available there: - `loadgo` -- loads smart contract `NEO-GO-VM > loadgo TestContract/main.go` - `ops` -- show the opcodes of currently loaded contract - `run` -- executes currently loaded contract Use `help` command to get more detailed information on all options and particular commands. Note that this VM is completely disconnected from the blockchain, so you won't have all interop functionality available for smart contracts (use test invocations via RPC for that).