package mpt import ( "bytes" "encoding/binary" "errors" "fmt" "github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/core/storage" "github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/io" "github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/util" ) // Trie is an MPT trie storing all key-value pairs. type Trie struct { Store *storage.MemCachedStore root Node refcountEnabled bool refcount map[util.Uint256]*cachedNode } type cachedNode struct { bytes []byte initial int32 refcount int32 } // ErrNotFound is returned when requested trie item is missing. var ErrNotFound = errors.New("item not found") // NewTrie returns new MPT trie. It accepts a MemCachedStore to decouple storage errors from logic errors // so that all storage errors are processed during `store.Persist()` at the caller. // This also has the benefit, that every `Put` can be considered an atomic operation. func NewTrie(root Node, enableRefCount bool, store *storage.MemCachedStore) *Trie { if root == nil { root = new(HashNode) } return &Trie{ Store: store, root: root, refcountEnabled: enableRefCount, refcount: make(map[util.Uint256]*cachedNode), } } // Get returns value for the provided key in t. func (t *Trie) Get(key []byte) ([]byte, error) { path := toNibbles(key) r, bs, err := t.getWithPath(t.root, path) if err != nil { return nil, err } t.root = r return bs, nil } // getWithPath returns value the provided path in a subtrie rooting in curr. // It also returns a current node with all hash nodes along the path // replaced to their "unhashed" counterparts. func (t *Trie) getWithPath(curr Node, path []byte) (Node, []byte, error) { switch n := curr.(type) { case *LeafNode: if len(path) == 0 { return curr, copySlice(n.value), nil } case *BranchNode: i, path := splitPath(path) r, bs, err := t.getWithPath(n.Children[i], path) if err != nil { return nil, nil, err } n.Children[i] = r return n, bs, nil case *HashNode: if !n.IsEmpty() { if r, err := t.getFromStore(n.hash); err == nil { return t.getWithPath(r, path) } } case *ExtensionNode: if bytes.HasPrefix(path, n.key) { r, bs, err := t.getWithPath(n.next, path[len(n.key):]) if err != nil { return nil, nil, err } n.next = r return curr, bs, err } default: panic("invalid MPT node type") } return curr, nil, ErrNotFound } // Put puts key-value pair in t. func (t *Trie) Put(key, value []byte) error { if len(key) == 0 { return errors.New("key is empty") } else if len(key) > MaxKeyLength { return errors.New("key is too big") } else if len(value) > MaxValueLength { return errors.New("value is too big") } if len(value) == 0 { return t.Delete(key) } path := toNibbles(key) n := NewLeafNode(value) r, err := t.putIntoNode(t.root, path, n) if err != nil { return err } t.root = r return nil } // putIntoLeaf puts val to trie if current node is a Leaf. // It returns Node if curr needs to be replaced and error if any. func (t *Trie) putIntoLeaf(curr *LeafNode, path []byte, val Node) (Node, error) { v := val.(*LeafNode) if len(path) == 0 { t.removeRef(curr.Hash(), curr.bytes) t.addRef(val.Hash(), val.Bytes()) return v, nil } b := NewBranchNode() b.Children[path[0]] = t.newSubTrie(path[1:], v, true) b.Children[lastChild] = curr t.addRef(b.Hash(), b.bytes) return b, nil } // putIntoBranch puts val to trie if current node is a Branch. // It returns Node if curr needs to be replaced and error if any. func (t *Trie) putIntoBranch(curr *BranchNode, path []byte, val Node) (Node, error) { i, path := splitPath(path) t.removeRef(curr.Hash(), curr.bytes) r, err := t.putIntoNode(curr.Children[i], path, val) if err != nil { return nil, err } curr.Children[i] = r curr.invalidateCache() t.addRef(curr.Hash(), curr.bytes) return curr, nil } // putIntoExtension puts val to trie if current node is an Extension. // It returns Node if curr needs to be replaced and error if any. func (t *Trie) putIntoExtension(curr *ExtensionNode, path []byte, val Node) (Node, error) { t.removeRef(curr.Hash(), curr.bytes) if bytes.HasPrefix(path, curr.key) { r, err := t.putIntoNode(curr.next, path[len(curr.key):], val) if err != nil { return nil, err } curr.next = r curr.invalidateCache() t.addRef(curr.Hash(), curr.bytes) return curr, nil } pref := lcp(curr.key, path) lp := len(pref) keyTail := curr.key[lp:] pathTail := path[lp:] s1 := t.newSubTrie(keyTail[1:], curr.next, false) b := NewBranchNode() b.Children[keyTail[0]] = s1 i, pathTail := splitPath(pathTail) s2 := t.newSubTrie(pathTail, val, true) b.Children[i] = s2 t.addRef(b.Hash(), b.bytes) if lp > 0 { e := NewExtensionNode(copySlice(pref), b) t.addRef(e.Hash(), e.bytes) return e, nil } return b, nil } // putIntoHash puts val to trie if current node is a HashNode. // It returns Node if curr needs to be replaced and error if any. func (t *Trie) putIntoHash(curr *HashNode, path []byte, val Node) (Node, error) { if curr.IsEmpty() { hn := t.newSubTrie(path, val, true) return hn, nil } result, err := t.getFromStore(curr.hash) if err != nil { return nil, err } return t.putIntoNode(result, path, val) } // newSubTrie create new trie containing node at provided path. func (t *Trie) newSubTrie(path []byte, val Node, newVal bool) Node { if newVal { t.addRef(val.Hash(), val.Bytes()) } if len(path) == 0 { return val } e := NewExtensionNode(path, val) t.addRef(e.Hash(), e.bytes) return e } // putIntoNode puts val with provided path inside curr and returns updated node. // Reference counters are updated for both curr and returned value. func (t *Trie) putIntoNode(curr Node, path []byte, val Node) (Node, error) { switch n := curr.(type) { case *LeafNode: return t.putIntoLeaf(n, path, val) case *BranchNode: return t.putIntoBranch(n, path, val) case *ExtensionNode: return t.putIntoExtension(n, path, val) case *HashNode: return t.putIntoHash(n, path, val) default: panic("invalid MPT node type") } } // Delete removes key from trie. // It returns no error on missing key. func (t *Trie) Delete(key []byte) error { path := toNibbles(key) r, err := t.deleteFromNode(t.root, path) if err != nil { return err } t.root = r return nil } func (t *Trie) deleteFromBranch(b *BranchNode, path []byte) (Node, error) { i, path := splitPath(path) h := b.Hash() bs := b.bytes r, err := t.deleteFromNode(b.Children[i], path) if err != nil { return nil, err } t.removeRef(h, bs) b.Children[i] = r b.invalidateCache() var count, index int for i := range b.Children { h, ok := b.Children[i].(*HashNode) if !ok || !h.IsEmpty() { index = i count++ } } // count is >= 1 because branch node had at least 2 children before deletion. if count > 1 { t.addRef(b.Hash(), b.bytes) return b, nil } c := b.Children[index] if index == lastChild { return c, nil } if h, ok := c.(*HashNode); ok { c, err = t.getFromStore(h.Hash()) if err != nil { return nil, err } } if e, ok := c.(*ExtensionNode); ok { t.removeRef(e.Hash(), e.bytes) e.key = append([]byte{byte(index)}, e.key...) e.invalidateCache() t.addRef(e.Hash(), e.bytes) return e, nil } e := NewExtensionNode([]byte{byte(index)}, c) t.addRef(e.Hash(), e.bytes) return e, nil } func (t *Trie) deleteFromExtension(n *ExtensionNode, path []byte) (Node, error) { if !bytes.HasPrefix(path, n.key) { return n, nil } h := n.Hash() bs := n.bytes r, err := t.deleteFromNode(n.next, path[len(n.key):]) if err != nil { return nil, err } t.removeRef(h, bs) switch nxt := r.(type) { case *ExtensionNode: t.removeRef(nxt.Hash(), nxt.bytes) n.key = append(n.key, nxt.key...) n.next = nxt.next case *HashNode: if nxt.IsEmpty() { return nxt, nil } n.next = nxt default: n.next = r } n.invalidateCache() t.addRef(n.Hash(), n.bytes) return n, nil } // deleteFromNode removes value with provided path from curr and returns an updated node. // Reference counters are updated for both curr and returned value. func (t *Trie) deleteFromNode(curr Node, path []byte) (Node, error) { switch n := curr.(type) { case *LeafNode: if len(path) == 0 { t.removeRef(curr.Hash(), curr.Bytes()) return new(HashNode), nil } return curr, nil case *BranchNode: return t.deleteFromBranch(n, path) case *ExtensionNode: return t.deleteFromExtension(n, path) case *HashNode: if n.IsEmpty() { return n, nil } newNode, err := t.getFromStore(n.Hash()) if err != nil { return nil, err } return t.deleteFromNode(newNode, path) default: panic("invalid MPT node type") } } // StateRoot returns root hash of t. func (t *Trie) StateRoot() util.Uint256 { if hn, ok := t.root.(*HashNode); ok && hn.IsEmpty() { return util.Uint256{} } return t.root.Hash() } func makeStorageKey(mptKey []byte) []byte { return append([]byte{byte(storage.DataMPT)}, mptKey...) } // Flush puts every node in the trie except Hash ones to the storage. // Because we care only about block-level changes, there is no need to put every // new node to storage. Normally, flush should be called with every StateRoot persist, i.e. // after every block. func (t *Trie) Flush() { for h, node := range t.refcount { if node.refcount != 0 { if node.bytes == nil { panic("item not in trie") } if t.refcountEnabled { node.initial = t.updateRefCount(h) if node.initial == 0 { delete(t.refcount, h) } } else if node.refcount > 0 { _ = t.Store.Put(makeStorageKey(h.BytesBE()), node.bytes) } node.refcount = 0 } else { delete(t.refcount, h) } } } // updateRefCount should be called only when refcounting is enabled. func (t *Trie) updateRefCount(h util.Uint256) int32 { if !t.refcountEnabled { panic("`updateRefCount` is called, but GC is disabled") } var data []byte key := makeStorageKey(h.BytesBE()) node := t.refcount[h] cnt := node.initial if cnt == 0 { // A newly created item which may be in store. var err error data, err = t.Store.Get(key) if err == nil { cnt = int32(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(data[len(data)-4:])) } } if len(data) == 0 { data = append(node.bytes, 0, 0, 0, 0) } cnt += node.refcount switch { case cnt < 0: // BUG: negative reference count panic(fmt.Sprintf("negative reference count: %s new %d, upd %d", h.StringBE(), cnt, t.refcount[h])) case cnt == 0: _ = t.Store.Delete(key) default: binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(data[len(data)-4:], uint32(cnt)) _ = t.Store.Put(key, data) } return cnt } func (t *Trie) addRef(h util.Uint256, bs []byte) { node := t.refcount[h] if node == nil { t.refcount[h] = &cachedNode{ refcount: 1, bytes: bs, } return } node.refcount++ if node.bytes == nil { node.bytes = bs } } func (t *Trie) removeRef(h util.Uint256, bs []byte) { node := t.refcount[h] if node == nil { t.refcount[h] = &cachedNode{ refcount: -1, bytes: bs, } return } node.refcount-- if node.bytes == nil { node.bytes = bs } } func (t *Trie) getFromStore(h util.Uint256) (Node, error) { data, err := t.Store.Get(makeStorageKey(h.BytesBE())) if err != nil { return nil, err } var n NodeObject r := io.NewBinReaderFromBuf(data) n.DecodeBinary(r) if r.Err != nil { return nil, r.Err } if t.refcountEnabled { data = data[:len(data)-4] node := t.refcount[h] if node != nil { node.bytes = data node.initial = int32(r.ReadU32LE()) } } n.Node.(flushedNode).setCache(data, h) return n.Node, nil } // Collapse compresses all nodes at depth n to the hash nodes. // Note: this function does not perform any kind of storage flushing so // `Flush()` should be called explicitly before invoking function. func (t *Trie) Collapse(depth int) { if depth < 0 { panic("negative depth") } t.root = collapse(depth, t.root) t.refcount = make(map[util.Uint256]*cachedNode) } func collapse(depth int, node Node) Node { if _, ok := node.(*HashNode); ok { return node } else if depth == 0 { return NewHashNode(node.Hash()) } switch n := node.(type) { case *BranchNode: for i := range n.Children { n.Children[i] = collapse(depth-1, n.Children[i]) } case *ExtensionNode: n.next = collapse(depth-1, n.next) case *LeafNode: case *HashNode: default: panic("invalid MPT node type") } return node }