2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
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---
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2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
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title: "Rclone Filtering"
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description: "Rclone filtering, includes and excludes"
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versionIntroduced: "v1.22"
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2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
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---
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2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
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# Filtering, includes and excludes
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Filter flags determine which files rclone `sync`, `move`, `ls`, `lsl`,
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`md5sum`, `sha1sum`, `size`, `delete`, `check` and similar commands
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apply to.
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They are specified in terms of path/file name patterns; path/file
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lists; file age and size, or presence of a file in a directory. Bucket
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based remotes without the concept of directory apply filters to object
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key, age and size in an analogous way.
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Rclone `purge` does not obey filters.
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To test filters without risk of damage to data, apply them to `rclone
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ls`, or with the `--dry-run` and `-vv` flags.
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Rclone filter patterns can only be used in filter command line options, not
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in the specification of a remote.
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E.g. `rclone copy "remote:dir*.jpg" /path/to/dir` does not have a filter effect.
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`rclone copy remote:dir /path/to/dir --include "*.jpg"` does.
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**Important** Avoid mixing any two of `--include...`, `--exclude...` or
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`--filter...` flags in an rclone command. The results may not be what
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you expect. Instead use a `--filter...` flag.
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## Patterns for matching path/file names
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2022-08-04 17:19:05 +00:00
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### Pattern syntax {#patterns}
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Here is a formal definition of the pattern syntax,
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[examples](#examples) are below.
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Rclone matching rules follow a glob style:
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* matches any sequence of non-separator (/) characters
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** matches any sequence of characters including / separators
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? matches any single non-separator (/) character
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[ [ ! ] { character-range } ]
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character class (must be non-empty)
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{ pattern-list }
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pattern alternatives
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{{ regexp }}
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regular expression to match
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c matches character c (c != *, **, ?, \, [, {, })
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\c matches reserved character c (c = *, **, ?, \, [, {, }) or character class
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character-range:
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c matches character c (c != \, -, ])
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\c matches reserved character c (c = \, -, ])
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lo - hi matches character c for lo <= c <= hi
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pattern-list:
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pattern { , pattern }
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comma-separated (without spaces) patterns
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character classes (see [Go regular expression reference](https://golang.org/pkg/regexp/syntax/)) include:
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Named character classes (e.g. [\d], [^\d], [\D], [^\D])
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Perl character classes (e.g. \s, \S, \w, \W)
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ASCII character classes (e.g. [[:alnum:]], [[:alpha:]], [[:punct:]], [[:xdigit:]])
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regexp for advanced users to insert a regular expression - see [below](#regexp) for more info:
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Any re2 regular expression not containing `}}`
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If the filter pattern starts with a `/` then it only matches
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at the top level of the directory tree,
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**relative to the root of the remote** (not necessarily the root
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of the drive). If it does not start with `/` then it is matched
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starting at the **end of the path/file name** but it only matches
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a complete path element - it must match from a `/`
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separator or the beginning of the path/file.
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file.jpg - matches "file.jpg"
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- matches "directory/file.jpg"
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- doesn't match "afile.jpg"
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- doesn't match "directory/afile.jpg"
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/file.jpg - matches "file.jpg" in the root directory of the remote
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- doesn't match "afile.jpg"
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- doesn't match "directory/file.jpg"
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2021-02-10 18:09:48 +00:00
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The top level of the remote may not be the top level of the drive.
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E.g. for a Microsoft Windows local directory structure
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F:
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├── bkp
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├── data
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│ ├── excl
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│ │ ├── 123.jpg
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│ │ └── 456.jpg
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│ ├── incl
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│ │ └── document.pdf
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To copy the contents of folder `data` into folder `bkp` excluding the contents of subfolder
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`excl`the following command treats `F:\data` and `F:\bkp` as top level for filtering.
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`rclone copy F:\data\ F:\bkp\ --exclude=/excl/**`
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**Important** Use `/` in path/file name patterns and not `\` even if
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running on Microsoft Windows.
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Simple patterns are case sensitive unless the `--ignore-case` flag is used.
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Without `--ignore-case` (default)
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potato - matches "potato"
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- doesn't match "POTATO"
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With `--ignore-case`
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potato - matches "potato"
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- matches "POTATO"
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2021-10-09 11:56:23 +00:00
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## Using regular expressions in filter patterns {#regexp}
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The syntax of filter patterns is glob style matching (like `bash`
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uses) to make things easy for users. However this does not provide
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absolute control over the matching, so for advanced users rclone also
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provides a regular expression syntax.
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The regular expressions used are as defined in the [Go regular
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expression reference](https://golang.org/pkg/regexp/syntax/). Regular
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expressions should be enclosed in `{{` `}}`. They will match only the
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last path segment if the glob doesn't start with `/` or the whole path
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name if it does. Note that rclone does not attempt to parse the
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supplied regular expression, meaning that using any regular expression
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filter will prevent rclone from using [directory filter rules](#directory_filter),
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as it will instead check every path against
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the supplied regular expression(s).
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Here is how the `{{regexp}}` is transformed into an full regular
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expression to match the entire path:
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{{regexp}} becomes (^|/)(regexp)$
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/{{regexp}} becomes ^(regexp)$
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Regexp syntax can be mixed with glob syntax, for example
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*.{{jpe?g}} to match file.jpg, file.jpeg but not file.png
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You can also use regexp flags - to set case insensitive, for example
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*.{{(?i)jpg}} to match file.jpg, file.JPG but not file.png
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Be careful with wildcards in regular expressions - you don't want them
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to match path separators normally. To match any file name starting
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with `start` and ending with `end` write
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{{start[^/]*end\.jpg}}
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Not
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{{start.*end\.jpg}}
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Which will match a directory called `start` with a file called
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`end.jpg` in it as the `.*` will match `/` characters.
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Note that you can use `-vv --dump filters` to show the filter patterns
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in regexp format - rclone implements the glob patters by transforming
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them into regular expressions.
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## Filter pattern examples {#examples}
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| Description | Pattern | Matches | Does not match |
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| ----------- |-------- | ------- | -------------- |
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| Wildcard | `*.jpg` | `/file.jpg` | `/file.png` |
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| | | `/dir/file.jpg` | `/dir/file.png` |
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| Rooted | `/*.jpg` | `/file.jpg` | `/file.png` |
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| | | `/file2.jpg` | `/dir/file.jpg` |
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| Alternates | `*.{jpg,png}` | `/file.jpg` | `/file.gif` |
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| | | `/dir/file.png` | `/dir/file.gif` |
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| Path Wildcard | `dir/**` | `/dir/anyfile` | `file.png` |
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| | | `/subdir/dir/subsubdir/anyfile` | `/subdir/file.png` |
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| Any Char | `*.t?t` | `/file.txt` | `/file.qxt` |
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| | | `/dir/file.tzt` | `/dir/file.png` |
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| Range | `*.[a-z]` | `/file.a` | `/file.0` |
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| | | `/dir/file.b` | `/dir/file.1` |
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| Escape | `*.\?\?\?` | `/file.???` | `/file.abc` |
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| | | `/dir/file.???` | `/dir/file.def` |
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| Class | `*.\d\d\d` | `/file.012` | `/file.abc` |
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| | | `/dir/file.345` | `/dir/file.def` |
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| Regexp | `*.{{jpe?g}}` | `/file.jpeg` | `/file.png` |
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| | | `/dir/file.jpg` | `/dir/file.jpeeg` |
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| Rooted Regexp | `/{{.*\.jpe?g}}` | `/file.jpeg` | `/file.png` |
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| | | `/file.jpg` | `/dir/file.jpg` |
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2022-08-04 17:19:05 +00:00
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## How filter rules are applied to files {#how-filter-rules-work}
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Rclone path/file name filters are made up of one or more of the following flags:
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* `--include`
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* `--include-from`
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* `--exclude`
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* `--exclude-from`
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* `--filter`
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* `--filter-from`
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There can be more than one instance of individual flags.
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Rclone internally uses a combined list of all the include and exclude
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rules. The order in which rules are processed can influence the result
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of the filter.
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All flags of the same type are processed together in the order
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above, regardless of what order the different types of flags are
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included on the command line.
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Multiple instances of the same flag are processed from left
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to right according to their position in the command line.
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To mix up the order of processing includes and excludes use `--filter...`
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flags.
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Within `--include-from`, `--exclude-from` and `--filter-from` flags
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rules are processed from top to bottom of the referenced file.
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If there is an `--include` or `--include-from` flag specified, rclone
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implies a `- **` rule which it adds to the bottom of the internal rule
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list. Specifying a `+` rule with a `--filter...` flag does not imply
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that rule.
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Each path/file name passed through rclone is matched against the
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combined filter list. At first match to a rule the path/file name
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is included or excluded and no further filter rules are processed for
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that path/file.
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If rclone does not find a match, after testing against all rules
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(including the implied rule if appropriate), the path/file name
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is included.
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Any path/file included at that stage is processed by the rclone
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command.
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`--files-from` and `--files-from-raw` flags over-ride and cannot be
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combined with other filter options.
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To see the internal combined rule list, in regular expression form,
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for a command add the `--dump filters` flag. Running an rclone command
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with `--dump filters` and `-vv` flags lists the internal filter elements
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and shows how they are applied to each source path/file. There is not
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currently a means provided to pass regular expression filter options into
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rclone directly though character class filter rules contain character
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classes. [Go regular expression reference](https://golang.org/pkg/regexp/syntax/)
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2022-06-07 14:05:24 +00:00
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### How filter rules are applied to directories {#directory_filter}
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Rclone commands are applied to path/file names not
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directories. The entire contents of a directory can be matched
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to a filter by the pattern `directory/*` or recursively by
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`directory/**`.
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Directory filter rules are defined with a closing `/` separator.
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E.g. `/directory/subdirectory/` is an rclone directory filter rule.
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Rclone commands can use directory filter rules to determine whether they
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recurse into subdirectories. This potentially optimises access to a remote
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by avoiding listing unnecessary directories. Whether optimisation is
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desirable depends on the specific filter rules and source remote content.
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If any [regular expression filters](#regexp) are in use, then no
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directory recursion optimisation is possible, as rclone must check
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every path against the supplied regular expression(s).
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Directory recursion optimisation occurs if either:
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* A source remote does not support the rclone `ListR` primitive. local,
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|
sftp, Microsoft OneDrive and WebDAV do not support `ListR`. Google
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
Drive and most bucket type storage do. [Full list](https://rclone.org/overview/#optional-features)
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-02-18 11:11:56 +00:00
|
|
|
* On other remotes (those that support `ListR`), if the rclone command is not naturally recursive, and
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
provided it is not run with the `--fast-list` flag. `ls`, `lsf -R` and
|
2021-02-10 18:21:41 +00:00
|
|
|
`size` are naturally recursive but `sync`, `copy` and `move` are not.
|
2016-05-16 16:14:04 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
* Whenever the `--disable ListR` flag is applied to an rclone command.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
Rclone commands imply directory filter rules from path/file filter
|
|
|
|
rules. To view the directory filter rules rclone has implied for a
|
|
|
|
command specify the `--dump filters` flag.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
E.g. for an include rule
|
2016-12-07 13:37:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
/a/*.jpg
|
2016-12-07 13:37:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
Rclone implies the directory include rule
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/a/
|
2016-12-07 13:37:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
Directory filter rules specified in an rclone command can limit
|
|
|
|
the scope of an rclone command but path/file filters still have
|
|
|
|
to be specified.
|
2017-11-20 22:33:54 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
E.g. `rclone ls remote: --include /directory/` will not match any
|
|
|
|
files. Because it is an `--include` option the `--exclude **` rule
|
2021-02-10 18:21:41 +00:00
|
|
|
is implied, and the `/directory/` pattern serves only to optimise
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
access to the remote by ignoring everything outside of that directory.
|
2016-12-07 13:37:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
E.g. `rclone ls remote: --filter-from filter-list.txt` with a file
|
|
|
|
`filter-list.txt`:
|
2016-12-07 13:37:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
- /dir1/
|
|
|
|
- /dir2/
|
|
|
|
+ *.pdf
|
|
|
|
- **
|
2016-12-07 13:37:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
All files in directories `dir1` or `dir2` or their subdirectories
|
|
|
|
are completely excluded from the listing. Only files of suffix
|
2021-02-10 18:21:41 +00:00
|
|
|
`pdf` in the root of `remote:` or its subdirectories are listed.
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
The `- **` rule prevents listing of any path/files not previously
|
|
|
|
matched by the rules above.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
Option `exclude-if-present` creates a directory exclude rule based
|
|
|
|
on the presence of a file in a directory and takes precedence over
|
|
|
|
other rclone directory filter rules.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-03-17 13:34:46 +00:00
|
|
|
When using pattern list syntax, if a pattern item contains either
|
|
|
|
`/` or `**`, then rclone will not able to imply a directory filter rule
|
|
|
|
from this pattern list.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E.g. for an include rule
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
{dir1/**,dir2/**}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rclone will match files below directories `dir1` or `dir2` only,
|
|
|
|
but will not be able to use this filter to exclude a directory `dir3`
|
|
|
|
from being traversed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Directory recursion optimisation may affect performance, but normally
|
|
|
|
not the result. One exception to this is sync operations with option
|
|
|
|
`--create-empty-src-dirs`, where any traversed empty directories will
|
|
|
|
be created. With the pattern list example `{dir1/**,dir2/**}` above,
|
|
|
|
this would create an empty directory `dir3` on destination (when it exists
|
|
|
|
on source). Changing the filter to `{dir1,dir2}/**`, or splitting it into
|
|
|
|
two include rules `--include dir1/** --include dir2/**`, will match the
|
|
|
|
same files while also filtering directories, with the result that an empty
|
|
|
|
directory `dir3` will no longer be created.
|
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
### `--exclude` - Exclude files matching pattern
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Excludes path/file names from an rclone command based on a single exclude
|
|
|
|
rule.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This flag can be repeated. See above for the order filter flags are
|
2016-12-07 13:37:40 +00:00
|
|
|
processed in.
|
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
`--exclude` should not be used with `--include`, `--include-from`,
|
|
|
|
`--filter` or `--filter-from` flags.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
`--exclude` has no effect when combined with `--files-from` or
|
|
|
|
`--files-from-raw` flags.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
E.g. `rclone ls remote: --exclude *.bak` excludes all .bak files
|
|
|
|
from listing.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
E.g. `rclone size remote: "--exclude /dir/**"` returns the total size of
|
|
|
|
all files on `remote:` excluding those in root directory `dir` and sub
|
|
|
|
directories.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E.g. on Microsoft Windows `rclone ls remote: --exclude "*\[{JP,KR,HK}\]*"`
|
|
|
|
lists the files in `remote:` with `[JP]` or `[KR]` or `[HK]` in
|
2021-02-10 18:21:41 +00:00
|
|
|
their name. Quotes prevent the shell from interpreting the `\`
|
|
|
|
characters.`\` characters escape the `[` and `]` so an rclone filter
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
treats them literally rather than as a character-range. The `{` and `}`
|
|
|
|
define an rclone pattern list. For other operating systems single quotes are
|
|
|
|
required ie `rclone ls remote: --exclude '*\[{JP,KR,HK}\]*'`
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### `--exclude-from` - Read exclude patterns from file
|
2016-12-07 13:37:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
Excludes path/file names from an rclone command based on rules in a
|
|
|
|
named file. The file contains a list of remarks and pattern rules.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For an example `exclude-file.txt`:
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# a sample exclude rule file
|
|
|
|
*.bak
|
|
|
|
file2.jpg
|
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
`rclone ls remote: --exclude-from exclude-file.txt` lists the files on
|
|
|
|
`remote:` except those named `file2.jpg` or with a suffix `.bak`. That is
|
|
|
|
equivalent to `rclone ls remote: --exclude file2.jpg --exclude "*.bak"`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This flag can be repeated. See above for the order filter flags are
|
|
|
|
processed in.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The `--exclude-from` flag is useful where multiple exclude filter rules
|
|
|
|
are applied to an rclone command.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
`--exclude-from` should not be used with `--include`, `--include-from`,
|
|
|
|
`--filter` or `--filter-from` flags.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
`--exclude-from` has no effect when combined with `--files-from` or
|
|
|
|
`--files-from-raw` flags.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
`--exclude-from` followed by `-` reads filter rules from standard input.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
### `--include` - Include files matching pattern
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
Adds a single include rule based on path/file names to an rclone
|
|
|
|
command.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
This flag can be repeated. See above for the order filter flags are
|
2016-12-07 13:37:40 +00:00
|
|
|
processed in.
|
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
`--include` has no effect when combined with `--files-from` or
|
|
|
|
`--files-from-raw` flags.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
`--include` implies `--exclude **` at the end of an rclone internal
|
|
|
|
filter list. Therefore if you mix `--include` and `--include-from`
|
|
|
|
flags with `--exclude`, `--exclude-from`, `--filter` or `--filter-from`,
|
|
|
|
you must use include rules for all the files you want in the include
|
|
|
|
statement. For more flexibility use the `--filter-from` flag.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
E.g. `rclone ls remote: --include "*.{png,jpg}"` lists the files on
|
|
|
|
`remote:` with suffix `.png` and `.jpg`. All other files are excluded.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
E.g. multiple rclone copy commands can be combined with `--include` and a
|
|
|
|
pattern-list.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
rclone copy /vol1/A remote:A
|
|
|
|
rclone copy /vol1/B remote:B
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
is equivalent to:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
rclone copy /vol1 remote: --include "{A,B}/**"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E.g. `rclone ls remote:/wheat --include "??[^[:punct:]]*"` lists the
|
|
|
|
files `remote:` directory `wheat` (and subdirectories) whose third
|
|
|
|
character is not punctuation. This example uses
|
|
|
|
an [ASCII character class](https://golang.org/pkg/regexp/syntax/).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### `--include-from` - Read include patterns from file
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adds path/file names to an rclone command based on rules in a
|
|
|
|
named file. The file contains a list of remarks and pattern rules.
|
2016-12-07 13:37:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
For an example `include-file.txt`:
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# a sample include rule file
|
|
|
|
*.jpg
|
|
|
|
file2.avi
|
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
`rclone ls remote: --include-from include-file.txt` lists the files on
|
|
|
|
`remote:` with name `file2.avi` or suffix `.jpg`. That is equivalent to
|
|
|
|
`rclone ls remote: --include file2.avi --include "*.jpg"`.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
This flag can be repeated. See above for the order filter flags are
|
|
|
|
processed in.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The `--include-from` flag is useful where multiple include filter rules
|
|
|
|
are applied to an rclone command.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
`--include-from` implies `--exclude **` at the end of an rclone internal
|
|
|
|
filter list. Therefore if you mix `--include` and `--include-from`
|
|
|
|
flags with `--exclude`, `--exclude-from`, `--filter` or `--filter-from`,
|
|
|
|
you must use include rules for all the files you want in the include
|
|
|
|
statement. For more flexibility use the `--filter-from` flag.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
`--exclude-from` has no effect when combined with `--files-from` or
|
|
|
|
`--files-from-raw` flags.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
`--exclude-from` followed by `-` reads filter rules from standard input.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
### `--filter` - Add a file-filtering rule
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
Specifies path/file names to an rclone command, based on a single
|
2021-11-04 11:50:43 +00:00
|
|
|
include or exclude rule, in `+` or `-` format.
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This flag can be repeated. See above for the order filter flags are
|
2016-12-07 13:37:40 +00:00
|
|
|
processed in.
|
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
`--filter +` differs from `--include`. In the case of `--include` rclone
|
|
|
|
implies an `--exclude *` rule which it adds to the bottom of the internal rule
|
|
|
|
list. `--filter...+` does not imply
|
|
|
|
that rule.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
`--filter` has no effect when combined with `--files-from` or
|
|
|
|
`--files-from-raw` flags.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
`--filter` should not be used with `--include`, `--include-from`,
|
|
|
|
`--exclude` or `--exclude-from` flags.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
E.g. `rclone ls remote: --filter "- *.bak"` excludes all `.bak` files
|
|
|
|
from a list of `remote:`.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
### `--filter-from` - Read filtering patterns from a file
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adds path/file names to an rclone command based on rules in a
|
|
|
|
named file. The file contains a list of remarks and pattern rules. Include
|
|
|
|
rules start with `+ ` and exclude rules with `- `. `!` clears existing
|
|
|
|
rules. Rules are processed in the order they are defined.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This flag can be repeated. See above for the order filter flags are
|
2016-12-07 13:37:40 +00:00
|
|
|
processed in.
|
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
Arrange the order of filter rules with the most restrictive first and
|
|
|
|
work down.
|
|
|
|
|
2021-03-17 13:34:46 +00:00
|
|
|
E.g. for `filter-file.txt`:
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2017-09-01 10:35:26 +00:00
|
|
|
# a sample filter rule file
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
- secret*.jpg
|
|
|
|
+ *.jpg
|
|
|
|
+ *.png
|
|
|
|
+ file2.avi
|
2017-09-01 10:35:26 +00:00
|
|
|
- /dir/Trash/**
|
|
|
|
+ /dir/**
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
# exclude everything else
|
|
|
|
- *
|
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
`rclone ls remote: --filter-from filter-file.txt` lists the path/files on
|
|
|
|
`remote:` including all `jpg` and `png` files, excluding any
|
|
|
|
matching `secret*.jpg` and including `file2.avi`. It also includes
|
|
|
|
everything in the directory `dir` at the root of `remote`, except
|
|
|
|
`remote:dir/Trash` which it excludes. Everything else is excluded.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
E.g. for an alternative `filter-file.txt`:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- secret*.jpg
|
|
|
|
+ *.jpg
|
|
|
|
+ *.png
|
|
|
|
+ file2.avi
|
|
|
|
- *
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Files `file1.jpg`, `file3.png` and `file2.avi` are listed whilst
|
|
|
|
`secret17.jpg` and files without the suffix .jpg` or `.png` are excluded.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
E.g. for an alternative `filter-file.txt`:
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
+ *.jpg
|
|
|
|
+ *.gif
|
|
|
|
!
|
|
|
|
+ 42.doc
|
|
|
|
- *
|
2019-10-28 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
Only file 42.doc is listed. Prior rules are cleared by the `!`.
|
2019-02-13 17:14:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
### `--files-from` - Read list of source-file names
|
2018-10-19 16:41:14 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
Adds path/files to an rclone command from a list in a named file.
|
|
|
|
Rclone processes the path/file names in the order of the list, and
|
|
|
|
no others.
|
2016-12-07 13:37:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
Other filter flags (`--include`, `--include-from`, `--exclude`,
|
|
|
|
`--exclude-from`, `--filter` and `--filter-from`) are ignored when
|
|
|
|
`--files-from` is used.
|
2018-03-01 09:59:50 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
`--files-from` expects a list of files as its input. Leading or
|
|
|
|
trailing whitespace is stripped from the input lines. Lines starting
|
|
|
|
with `#` or `;` are ignored.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rclone commands with a `--files-from` flag traverse the remote,
|
|
|
|
treating the names in `--files-from` as a set of filters.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If the `--no-traverse` and `--files-from` flags are used together
|
|
|
|
an rclone command does not traverse the remote. Instead it addresses
|
|
|
|
each path/file named in the file individually. For each path/file name, that
|
|
|
|
requires typically 1 API call. This can be efficient for a short `--files-from`
|
|
|
|
list and a remote containing many files.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rclone commands do not error if any names in the `--files-from` file are
|
|
|
|
missing from the source remote.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The `--files-from` flag can be repeated in a single rclone command to
|
|
|
|
read path/file names from more than one file. The files are read from left
|
|
|
|
to right along the command line.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Paths within the `--files-from` file are interpreted as starting
|
|
|
|
with the root specified in the rclone command. Leading `/` separators are
|
|
|
|
ignored. See [--files-from-raw](#files-from-raw-read-list-of-source-file-names-without-any-processing) if
|
|
|
|
you need the input to be processed in a raw manner.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E.g. for a file `files-from.txt`:
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# comment
|
|
|
|
file1.jpg
|
2018-03-01 09:59:50 +00:00
|
|
|
subdir/file2.jpg
|
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
`rclone copy --files-from files-from.txt /home/me/pics remote:pics`
|
|
|
|
copies the following, if they exist, and only those files.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2018-03-01 09:59:50 +00:00
|
|
|
/home/me/pics/file1.jpg → remote:pics/file1.jpg
|
2019-07-27 11:35:54 +00:00
|
|
|
/home/me/pics/subdir/file2.jpg → remote:pics/subdir/file2.jpg
|
2018-03-01 09:59:50 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
E.g. to copy the following files referenced by their absolute paths:
|
2016-07-05 11:33:59 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
/home/user1/42
|
|
|
|
/home/user1/dir/ford
|
|
|
|
/home/user2/prefect
|
2016-07-05 11:33:59 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
First find a common subdirectory - in this case `/home`
|
2016-07-05 11:33:59 +00:00
|
|
|
and put the remaining files in `files-from.txt` with or without
|
2020-10-13 21:49:58 +00:00
|
|
|
leading `/`, e.g.
|
2016-07-05 11:33:59 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
user1/42
|
|
|
|
user1/dir/ford
|
|
|
|
user2/prefect
|
2016-07-05 11:33:59 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
Then copy these to a remote:
|
2016-07-05 11:33:59 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
rclone copy --files-from files-from.txt /home remote:backup
|
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
The three files are transferred as follows:
|
2018-03-01 09:59:50 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
/home/user1/42 → remote:backup/user1/important
|
|
|
|
/home/user1/dir/ford → remote:backup/user1/dir/file
|
|
|
|
/home/user2/prefect → remote:backup/user2/stuff
|
2016-07-05 11:33:59 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-02-10 18:21:41 +00:00
|
|
|
Alternatively if `/` is chosen as root `files-from.txt` will be:
|
2016-07-05 11:33:59 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
/home/user1/42
|
|
|
|
/home/user1/dir/ford
|
|
|
|
/home/user2/prefect
|
2016-07-05 11:33:59 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-02-10 18:21:41 +00:00
|
|
|
The copy command will be:
|
2016-07-05 11:33:59 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
rclone copy --files-from files-from.txt / remote:backup
|
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
Then there will be an extra `home` directory on the remote:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/home/user1/42 → remote:backup/home/user1/42
|
|
|
|
/home/user1/dir/ford → remote:backup/home/user1/dir/ford
|
|
|
|
/home/user2/prefect → remote:backup/home/user2/prefect
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### `--files-from-raw` - Read list of source-file names without any processing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This flag is the same as `--files-from` except that input is read in a
|
|
|
|
raw manner. Lines with leading / trailing whitespace, and lines starting
|
|
|
|
with `;` or `#` are read without any processing. [rclone lsf](/commands/rclone_lsf/) has
|
|
|
|
a compatible format that can be used to export file lists from remotes for
|
|
|
|
input to `--files-from-raw`.
|
2018-03-01 09:59:50 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
### `--ignore-case` - make searches case insensitive
|
2016-07-05 11:33:59 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-11-04 11:50:43 +00:00
|
|
|
By default, rclone filter patterns are case sensitive. The `--ignore-case`
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
flag makes all of the filters patterns on the command line case
|
|
|
|
insensitive.
|
2020-04-03 09:36:24 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
E.g. `--include "zaphod.txt"` does not match a file `Zaphod.txt`. With
|
|
|
|
`--ignore-case` a match is made.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
## Quoting shell metacharacters
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
Rclone commands with filter patterns containing shell metacharacters may
|
|
|
|
not as work as expected in your shell and may require quoting.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
E.g. linux, OSX (`*` metacharacter)
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
* `--include \*.jpg`
|
|
|
|
* `--include '*.jpg'`
|
|
|
|
* `--include='*.jpg'`
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
Microsoft Windows expansion is done by the command, not shell, so
|
|
|
|
`--include *.jpg` does not require quoting.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
If the rclone error
|
|
|
|
`Command .... needs .... arguments maximum: you provided .... non flag arguments:`
|
|
|
|
is encountered, the cause is commonly spaces within the name of a
|
|
|
|
remote or flag value. The fix then is to quote values containing spaces.
|
2015-12-29 19:34:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
## Other filters
|
2015-12-29 19:34:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
### `--min-size` - Don't transfer any file smaller than this
|
2015-12-29 19:34:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
Controls the minimum size file within the scope of an rclone command.
|
2021-08-21 17:54:21 +00:00
|
|
|
Default units are `KiB` but abbreviations `K`, `M`, `G`, `T` or `P` are valid.
|
2015-12-29 19:34:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-08-21 17:54:21 +00:00
|
|
|
E.g. `rclone ls remote: --min-size 50k` lists files on `remote:` of 50 KiB
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
size or larger.
|
2020-05-11 12:25:39 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2022-07-26 16:53:35 +00:00
|
|
|
See [the size option docs](/docs/#size-option) for more info.
|
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
### `--max-size` - Don't transfer any file larger than this
|
2020-05-11 12:25:39 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
Controls the maximum size file within the scope of an rclone command.
|
2021-08-21 17:54:21 +00:00
|
|
|
Default units are `KiB` but abbreviations `K`, `M`, `G`, `T` or `P` are valid.
|
2015-12-29 19:34:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-08-21 17:54:21 +00:00
|
|
|
E.g. `rclone ls remote: --max-size 1G` lists files on `remote:` of 1 GiB
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
size or smaller.
|
2015-12-29 19:34:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2022-07-26 16:53:35 +00:00
|
|
|
See [the size option docs](/docs/#size-option) for more info.
|
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
### `--max-age` - Don't transfer any file older than this
|
2015-12-29 19:34:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
Controls the maximum age of files within the scope of an rclone command.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
`--max-age` applies only to files and not to directories.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
E.g. `rclone ls remote: --max-age 2d` lists files on `remote:` of 2 days
|
|
|
|
old or less.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2022-07-26 16:53:35 +00:00
|
|
|
See [the time option docs](/docs/#time-option) for valid formats.
|
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
### `--min-age` - Don't transfer any file younger than this
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
Controls the minimum age of files within the scope of an rclone command.
|
|
|
|
(see `--max-age` for valid formats)
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
`--min-age` applies only to files and not to directories.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
E.g. `rclone ls remote: --min-age 2d` lists files on `remote:` of 2 days
|
|
|
|
old or more.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2022-07-26 16:53:35 +00:00
|
|
|
See [the time option docs](/docs/#time-option) for valid formats.
|
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
## Other flags
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
### `--delete-excluded` - Delete files on dest excluded from sync
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
**Important** this flag is dangerous to your data - use with `--dry-run`
|
|
|
|
and `-v` first.
|
2018-11-12 14:29:37 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-02-10 18:21:41 +00:00
|
|
|
In conjunction with `rclone sync`, `--delete-excluded` deletes any files
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
on the destination which are excluded from the command.
|
2018-11-12 14:29:37 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
E.g. the scope of `rclone sync -i A: B:` can be restricted:
|
2018-11-12 14:29:37 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
rclone --min-size 50k --delete-excluded sync A: B:
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-08-21 17:54:21 +00:00
|
|
|
All files on `B:` which are less than 50 KiB are deleted
|
2021-03-02 19:11:57 +00:00
|
|
|
because they are excluded from the rclone sync command.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
### `--dump filters` - dump the filters to the output
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
Dumps the defined filters to standard output in regular expression
|
|
|
|
format.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
Useful for debugging.
|
2015-09-27 15:13:20 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
## Exclude directory based on a file
|
2017-11-09 09:40:47 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
The `--exclude-if-present` flag controls whether a directory is
|
|
|
|
within the scope of an rclone command based on the presence of a
|
2022-06-08 07:29:01 +00:00
|
|
|
named file within it. The flag can be repeated to check for
|
|
|
|
multiple file names, presence of any of them will exclude the
|
|
|
|
directory.
|
2017-11-09 09:40:47 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
This flag has a priority over other filter flags.
|
2017-11-09 09:40:47 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
E.g. for the following directory structure:
|
2017-11-09 09:40:47 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
dir1/file1
|
|
|
|
dir1/dir2/file2
|
|
|
|
dir1/dir2/dir3/file3
|
|
|
|
dir1/dir2/dir3/.ignore
|
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
The command `rclone ls --exclude-if-present .ignore dir1` does
|
|
|
|
not list `dir3`, `file3` or `.ignore`.
|
|
|
|
|
2022-08-04 17:19:05 +00:00
|
|
|
## Metadata filters {#metadata}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The metadata filters work in a very similar way to the normal file
|
|
|
|
name filters, except they match [metadata](/docs/#metadata) on the
|
|
|
|
object.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The metadata should be specified as `key=value` patterns. This may be
|
|
|
|
wildcarded using the normal [filter patterns](#patterns) or [regular
|
|
|
|
expressions](#regexp).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For example if you wished to list only local files with a mode of
|
|
|
|
`100664` you could do that with:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
rclone lsf -M --files-only --metadata-include "mode=100664" .
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Or if you wished to show files with an `atime`, `mtime` or `btime` at a given date:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
rclone lsf -M --files-only --metadata-include "[abm]time=2022-12-16*" .
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Like file filtering, metadata filtering only applies to files not to
|
|
|
|
directories.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The filters can be applied using these flags.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- `--metadata-include` - Include metadatas matching pattern
|
|
|
|
- `--metadata-include-from` - Read metadata include patterns from file (use - to read from stdin)
|
|
|
|
- `--metadata-exclude` - Exclude metadatas matching pattern
|
|
|
|
- `--metadata-exclude-from` - Read metadata exclude patterns from file (use - to read from stdin)
|
|
|
|
- `--metadata-filter` - Add a metadata filtering rule
|
|
|
|
- `--metadata-filter-from` - Read metadata filtering patterns from a file (use - to read from stdin)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Each flag can be repeated. See the section on [how filter rules are
|
|
|
|
applied](#how-filter-rules-work) for more details - these flags work
|
|
|
|
in an identical way to the file name filtering flags, but instead of
|
|
|
|
file name patterns have metadata patterns.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
## Common pitfalls
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The most frequent filter support issues on
|
2021-02-16 22:16:03 +00:00
|
|
|
the [rclone forum](https://forum.rclone.org/) are:
|
2017-11-09 09:40:47 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2021-01-21 14:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
* Not using paths relative to the root of the remote
|
|
|
|
* Not using `/` to match from the root of a remote
|
|
|
|
* Not using `**` to match the contents of a directory
|
2017-11-09 09:40:47 +00:00
|
|
|
|