rclone/docs/content/local.md

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---
title: "Local Filesystem"
description: "Rclone docs for the local filesystem"
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date: "2014-04-26"
---
<i class="fa fa-file"></i> Local Filesystem
-------------------------------------------
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Local paths are specified as normal filesystem paths, eg `/path/to/wherever`, so
rclone sync /home/source /tmp/destination
Will sync `/home/source` to `/tmp/destination`
These can be configured into the config file for consistencies sake,
but it is probably easier not to.
### Modified time ###
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Rclone reads and writes the modified time using an accuracy determined by
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the OS. Typically this is 1ns on Linux, 10 ns on Windows and 1 Second
on OS X.
### Filenames ###
Filenames are expected to be encoded in UTF-8 on disk. This is the
normal case for Windows and OS X.
There is a bit more uncertainty in the Linux world, but new
distributions will have UTF-8 encoded files names. If you are using an
old Linux filesystem with non UTF-8 file names (eg latin1) then you
can use the `convmv` tool to convert the filesystem to UTF-8. This
tool is available in most distributions' package managers.
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If an invalid (non-UTF8) filename is read, the invalid characters will
be replaced with the unicode replacement character, '�'. `rclone`
will emit a debug message in this case (use `-v` to see), eg
```
Local file system at .: Replacing invalid UTF-8 characters in "gro\xdf"
```
### Long paths on Windows ###
Rclone handles long paths automatically, by converting all paths to long
[UNC paths](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365247(v=vs.85).aspx#maxpath)
which allows paths up to 32,767 characters.
This is why you will see that your paths, for instance `c:\files` is
converted to the UNC path `\\?\c:\files` in the output,
and `\\server\share` is converted to `\\?\UNC\server\share`.
However, in rare cases this may cause problems with buggy file
system drivers like [EncFS](https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/261).
To disable UNC conversion globally, add this to your `.rclone.conf` file:
```
[local]
nounc = true
```
If you want to selectively disable UNC, you can add it to a separate entry like this:
```
[nounc]
type = local
nounc = true
```
And use rclone like this:
`rclone copy c:\src nounc:z:\dst`
This will use UNC paths on `c:\src` but not on `z:\dst`.
Of course this will cause problems if the absolute path length of a
file exceeds 258 characters on z, so only use this option if you have to.
### Symlinks / Junction points
Normally rclone will ignore symlinks or junction points (which behave
like symlinks under Windows).
If you supply `--copy-links` or `-L` then rclone will follow the
symlink and copy the pointed to file or directory.
This flag applies to all commands.
For example, supposing you have a directory structure like this
```
$ tree /tmp/a
/tmp/a
├── b -> ../b
├── expected -> ../expected
├── one
└── two
└── three
```
Then you can see the difference with and without the flag like this
```
$ rclone ls /tmp/a
6 one
6 two/three
```
and
```
$ rclone -L ls /tmp/a
4174 expected
6 one
6 two/three
6 b/two
6 b/one
```
### Restricting filesystems with --one-file-system
Normally rclone will recurse through filesystems as mounted.
However if you set `--one-file-system` or `-x` this tells rclone to
stay in the filesystem specified by the root and not to recurse into
different file systems.
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For example if you have a directory hierarchy like this
```
root
├── disk1 - disk1 mounted on the root
│   └── file3 - stored on disk1
├── disk2 - disk2 mounted on the root
│   └── file4 - stored on disk12
├── file1 - stored on the root disk
└── file2 - stored on the root disk
```
Using `rclone --one-file-system copy root remote:` will only copy `file1` and `file2`. Eg
```
$ rclone -q --one-file-system ls root
0 file1
0 file2
```
```
$ rclone -q ls root
0 disk1/file3
0 disk2/file4
0 file1
0 file2
```
**NB** Rclone (like most unix tools such as `du`, `rsync` and `tar`)
treats a bind mount to the same device as being on the same
filesystem.
**NB** This flag is only available on Unix based systems. On systems
where it isn't supported (eg Windows) it will be ignored.
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