azureblob: fix data corruption bug #7590

It was reported that rclone copy occasionally uploaded corrupted data
to azure blob.

This turned out to be a race condition updating the block count which
caused blocks to be duplicated.

This bug was introduced in this commit in v1.64.0 and will be fixed in v1.65.2

0427177857 azureblob: implement OpenChunkWriter and multi-thread uploads #7056

This race only seems to happen if `--checksum` is used but can happen otherwise.

Unfortunately Azure blob does not check the MD5 that we send them so
despite sending incorrect data this corruption is not detected. The
corruption is detected when rclone tries to download the file, so
attempting to copy the files back to local disk will result in errors
such as:

    ERROR : file.pokosuf5.partial: corrupted on transfer: md5 hash differ "XXX" vs "YYY"

This adds a check to test the blocklist we upload is as we expected
which would have caught the problem had it been in place earlier.

backend/azureblob/azureblob.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"crypto/md5"
 	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/binary"
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
@@ -1985,34 +1986,21 @@ func (rs *readSeekCloser) Close() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// increment the array as LSB binary
-func increment(xs *[8]byte) {
-	for i, digit := range xs {
-		newDigit := digit + 1
-		xs[i] = newDigit
-		if newDigit >= digit {
-			// exit if no carry
-			break
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 // record chunk number and id for Close
 type azBlock struct {
-	chunkNumber int
+	chunkNumber uint64
 	id          string
 }
 
 // Implements the fs.ChunkWriter interface
 type azChunkWriter struct {
-	chunkSize     int64
-	size          int64
-	f             *Fs
-	ui            uploadInfo
-	blocksMu      sync.Mutex // protects the below
-	blocks        []azBlock  // list of blocks for finalize
-	binaryBlockID [8]byte    // block counter as LSB first 8 bytes
-	o             *Object
+	chunkSize int64
+	size      int64
+	f         *Fs
+	ui        uploadInfo
+	blocksMu  sync.Mutex // protects the below
+	blocks    []azBlock  // list of blocks for finalize
+	o         *Object
 }
 
 // OpenChunkWriter returns the chunk size and a ChunkWriter
@@ -2100,13 +2088,14 @@ func (w *azChunkWriter) WriteChunk(ctx context.Context, chunkNumber int, reader
 	transactionalMD5 := md5sum[:]
 
 	// increment the blockID and save the blocks for finalize
-	increment(&w.binaryBlockID)
-	blockID := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(w.binaryBlockID[:])
+	var binaryBlockID [8]byte // block counter as LSB first 8 bytes
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(binaryBlockID[:], uint64(chunkNumber))
+	blockID := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(binaryBlockID[:])
 
 	// Save the blockID for the commit
 	w.blocksMu.Lock()
 	w.blocks = append(w.blocks, azBlock{
-		chunkNumber: chunkNumber,
+		chunkNumber: uint64(chunkNumber),
 		id:          blockID,
 	})
 	w.blocksMu.Unlock()
@@ -2171,9 +2160,20 @@ func (w *azChunkWriter) Close(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 		return w.blocks[i].chunkNumber < w.blocks[j].chunkNumber
 	})
 
-	// Create a list of block IDs
+	// Create and check a list of block IDs
 	blockIDs := make([]string, len(w.blocks))
 	for i := range w.blocks {
+		if w.blocks[i].chunkNumber != uint64(i) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("internal error: expecting chunkNumber %d but got %d", i, w.blocks[i].chunkNumber)
+		}
+		chunkBytes, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(w.blocks[i].id)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("internal error: bad block ID: %w", err)
+		}
+		chunkNumber := binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(chunkBytes)
+		if w.blocks[i].chunkNumber != chunkNumber {
+			return fmt.Errorf("internal error: expecting decoded chunkNumber %d but got %d", w.blocks[i].chunkNumber, chunkNumber)
+		}
 		blockIDs[i] = w.blocks[i].id
 	}
 

backend/azureblob/azureblob_internal_test.go

@@ -17,21 +17,3 @@ func (f *Fs) InternalTest(t *testing.T) {
 	enabled = f.Features().GetTier
 	assert.True(t, enabled)
 }
-
-func TestIncrement(t *testing.T) {
-	for _, test := range []struct {
-		in   [8]byte
-		want [8]byte
-	}{
-		{[8]byte{0, 0, 0, 0}, [8]byte{1, 0, 0, 0}},
-		{[8]byte{0xFE, 0, 0, 0}, [8]byte{0xFF, 0, 0, 0}},
-		{[8]byte{0xFF, 0, 0, 0}, [8]byte{0, 1, 0, 0}},
-		{[8]byte{0, 1, 0, 0}, [8]byte{1, 1, 0, 0}},
-		{[8]byte{0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFE}, [8]byte{0, 0, 0, 0xFF}},
-		{[8]byte{0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF}, [8]byte{0, 0, 0, 0, 1}},
-		{[8]byte{0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF}, [8]byte{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}},
-	} {
-		increment(&test.in)
-		assert.Equal(t, test.want, test.in)
-	}
-}