--- title: "B2" description: "Backblaze B2" date: "2016-10-25" --- Backblaze B2 ---------------------------------------- B2 is [Backblaze's cloud storage system](https://www.backblaze.com/b2/). Paths are specified as `remote:bucket` (or `remote:` for the `lsd` command.) You may put subdirectories in too, eg `remote:bucket/path/to/dir`. Here is an example of making a b2 configuration. First run rclone config This will guide you through an interactive setup process. You will need your account number (a short hex number) and key (a long hex number) which you can get from the b2 control panel. ``` No remotes found - make a new one n) New remote q) Quit config n/q> n name> remote Type of storage to configure. Choose a number from below, or type in your own value 1 / Amazon Drive \ "amazon cloud drive" 2 / Amazon S3 (also Dreamhost, Ceph, Minio) \ "s3" 3 / Backblaze B2 \ "b2" 4 / Dropbox \ "dropbox" 5 / Encrypt/Decrypt a remote \ "crypt" 6 / Google Cloud Storage (this is not Google Drive) \ "google cloud storage" 7 / Google Drive \ "drive" 8 / Hubic \ "hubic" 9 / Local Disk \ "local" 10 / Microsoft OneDrive \ "onedrive" 11 / Openstack Swift (Rackspace Cloud Files, Memset Memstore, OVH) \ "swift" 12 / Yandex Disk \ "yandex" Storage> 3 Account ID account> 123456789abc Application Key key> 0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789 Endpoint for the service - leave blank normally. endpoint> Remote config -------------------- [remote] account = 123456789abc key = 0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789 endpoint = -------------------- y) Yes this is OK e) Edit this remote d) Delete this remote y/e/d> y ``` This remote is called `remote` and can now be used like this See all buckets rclone lsd remote: Make a new bucket rclone mkdir remote:bucket List the contents of a bucket rclone ls remote:bucket Sync `/home/local/directory` to the remote bucket, deleting any excess files in the bucket. rclone sync /home/local/directory remote:bucket ### Modified time ### The modified time is stored as metadata on the object as `X-Bz-Info-src_last_modified_millis` as milliseconds since 1970-01-01 in the Backblaze standard. Other tools should be able to use this as a modified time. Modified times are used in syncing and are fully supported except in the case of updating a modification time on an existing object. In this case the object will be uploaded again as B2 doesn't have an API method to set the modification time independent of doing an upload. ### SHA1 checksums ### The SHA1 checksums of the files are checked on upload and download and will be used in the syncing process. Large files which are uploaded in chunks will store their SHA1 on the object as `X-Bz-Info-large_file_sha1` as recommended by Backblaze. ### Transfers ### Backblaze recommends that you do lots of transfers simultaneously for maximum speed. In tests from my SSD equiped laptop the optimum setting is about `--transfers 32` though higher numbers may be used for a slight speed improvement. The optimum number for you may vary depending on your hardware, how big the files are, how much you want to load your computer, etc. The default of `--transfers 4` is definitely too low for Backblaze B2 though. Note that uploading big files (bigger than 200 MB by default) will use a 96 MB RAM buffer by default. There can be at most `--transfers` of these in use at any moment, so this sets the upper limit on the memory used. ### Versions ### When rclone uploads a new version of a file it creates a [new version of it](https://www.backblaze.com/b2/docs/file_versions.html). Likewise when you delete a file, the old version will still be available. Old versions of files are visible using the `--b2-versions` flag. If you wish to remove all the old versions then you can use the `rclone cleanup remote:bucket` command which will delete all the old versions of files, leaving the current ones intact. You can also supply a path and only old versions under that path will be deleted, eg `rclone cleanup remote:bucket/path/to/stuff`. When you `purge` a bucket, the current and the old versions will be deleted then the bucket will be deleted. However `delete` will cause the current versions of the files to become hidden old versions. Here is a session showing the listing and and retreival of an old version followed by a `cleanup` of the old versions. Show current version and all the versions with `--b2-versions` flag. ``` $ rclone -q ls b2:cleanup-test 9 one.txt $ rclone -q --b2-versions ls b2:cleanup-test 9 one.txt 8 one-v2016-07-04-141032-000.txt 16 one-v2016-07-04-141003-000.txt 15 one-v2016-07-02-155621-000.txt ``` Retreive an old verson ``` $ rclone -q --b2-versions copy b2:cleanup-test/one-v2016-07-04-141003-000.txt /tmp $ ls -l /tmp/one-v2016-07-04-141003-000.txt -rw-rw-r-- 1 ncw ncw 16 Jul 2 17:46 /tmp/one-v2016-07-04-141003-000.txt ``` Clean up all the old versions and show that they've gone. ``` $ rclone -q cleanup b2:cleanup-test $ rclone -q ls b2:cleanup-test 9 one.txt $ rclone -q --b2-versions ls b2:cleanup-test 9 one.txt ``` ### Data usage ### It is useful to know how many requests are sent to the server in different scenarios. All copy commands send the following 4 requests: ``` /b2api/v1/b2_authorize_account /b2api/v1/b2_create_bucket /b2api/v1/b2_list_buckets /b2api/v1/b2_list_file_names ``` The `b2_list_file_names` request will be sent once for every 1k files in the remote path, providing the checksum and modification time of the listed files. As of version 1.33 issue [#818](https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/818) causes extra requests to be sent when using B2 with Crypt. When a copy operation does not require any files to be uploaded, no more requests will be sent. Uploading files that do not require chunking, will send 2 requests per file upload: ``` /b2api/v1/b2_get_upload_url /b2api/v1/b2_upload_file/ ``` Uploading files requiring chunking, will send 2 requests (one each to start and finish the upload) and another 2 requests for each chunk: ``` /b2api/v1/b2_start_large_file /b2api/v1/b2_get_upload_part_url /b2api/v1/b2_upload_part/ /b2api/v1/b2_finish_large_file ``` ### B2 with crypt ### When using B2 with `crypt` files are encrypted into a temporary location and streamed from there. This is required to calculate the encrypted file's checksum before beginning the upload. On Windows the %TMPDIR% environment variable is used as the temporary location. If the file requires chunking, both the chunking and encryption will take place in memory. ### Specific options ### Here are the command line options specific to this cloud storage system. #### --b2-chunk-size valuee=SIZE #### When uploading large files chunk the file into this size. Note that these chunks are buffered in memory and there might a maximum of `--transfers` chunks in progress at once. 100,000,000 Bytes is the minimim size (default 96M). #### --b2-upload-cutoff=SIZE #### Cutoff for switching to chunked upload (default 190.735 MiB == 200 MB). Files above this size will be uploaded in chunks of `--b2-chunk-size`. This value should be set no larger than 4.657GiB (== 5GB) as this is the largest file size that can be uploaded. #### --b2-test-mode=FLAG #### This is for debugging purposes only. Setting FLAG to one of the strings below will cause b2 to return specific errors for debugging purposes. * `fail_some_uploads` * `expire_some_account_authorization_tokens` * `force_cap_exceeded` These will be set in the `X-Bz-Test-Mode` header which is documented in the [b2 integrations checklist](https://www.backblaze.com/b2/docs/integration_checklist.html). #### --b2-versions #### When set rclone will show and act on older versions of files. For example Listing without `--b2-versions` ``` $ rclone -q ls b2:cleanup-test 9 one.txt ``` And with ``` $ rclone -q --b2-versions ls b2:cleanup-test 9 one.txt 8 one-v2016-07-04-141032-000.txt 16 one-v2016-07-04-141003-000.txt 15 one-v2016-07-02-155621-000.txt ``` Showing that the current version is unchanged but older versions can be seen. These have the UTC date that they were uploaded to the server to the nearest millisecond appended to them. Note that when using `--b2-versions` no file write operations are permitted, so you can't upload files or delete them.