137 lines
4.4 KiB
Go
137 lines
4.4 KiB
Go
// Copyright 2012 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
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// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
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// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
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// Package xts implements the XTS cipher mode as specified in IEEE P1619/D16.
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//
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// XTS mode is typically used for disk encryption, which presents a number of
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// novel problems that make more common modes inapplicable. The disk is
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// conceptually an array of sectors and we must be able to encrypt and decrypt
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// a sector in isolation. However, an attacker must not be able to transpose
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// two sectors of plaintext by transposing their ciphertext.
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//
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// XTS wraps a block cipher with Rogaway's XEX mode in order to build a
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// tweakable block cipher. This allows each sector to have a unique tweak and
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// effectively create a unique key for each sector.
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//
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// XTS does not provide any authentication. An attacker can manipulate the
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// ciphertext and randomise a block (16 bytes) of the plaintext.
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//
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// (Note: this package does not implement ciphertext-stealing so sectors must
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// be a multiple of 16 bytes.)
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package xts // import "golang.org/x/crypto/xts"
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import (
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"crypto/cipher"
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"encoding/binary"
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"errors"
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)
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// Cipher contains an expanded key structure. It doesn't contain mutable state
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// and therefore can be used concurrently.
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type Cipher struct {
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k1, k2 cipher.Block
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}
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// blockSize is the block size that the underlying cipher must have. XTS is
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// only defined for 16-byte ciphers.
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const blockSize = 16
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// NewCipher creates a Cipher given a function for creating the underlying
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// block cipher (which must have a block size of 16 bytes). The key must be
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// twice the length of the underlying cipher's key.
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func NewCipher(cipherFunc func([]byte) (cipher.Block, error), key []byte) (c *Cipher, err error) {
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c = new(Cipher)
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if c.k1, err = cipherFunc(key[:len(key)/2]); err != nil {
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return
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}
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c.k2, err = cipherFunc(key[len(key)/2:])
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if c.k1.BlockSize() != blockSize {
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err = errors.New("xts: cipher does not have a block size of 16")
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}
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return
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}
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// Encrypt encrypts a sector of plaintext and puts the result into ciphertext.
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// Plaintext and ciphertext must overlap entirely or not at all.
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// Sectors must be a multiple of 16 bytes and less than 2²⁴ bytes.
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func (c *Cipher) Encrypt(ciphertext, plaintext []byte, sectorNum uint64) {
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if len(ciphertext) < len(plaintext) {
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panic("xts: ciphertext is smaller than plaintext")
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}
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if len(plaintext)%blockSize != 0 {
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panic("xts: plaintext is not a multiple of the block size")
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}
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var tweak [blockSize]byte
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binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(tweak[:8], sectorNum)
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c.k2.Encrypt(tweak[:], tweak[:])
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for len(plaintext) > 0 {
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for j := range tweak {
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ciphertext[j] = plaintext[j] ^ tweak[j]
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}
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c.k1.Encrypt(ciphertext, ciphertext)
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for j := range tweak {
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ciphertext[j] ^= tweak[j]
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}
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plaintext = plaintext[blockSize:]
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ciphertext = ciphertext[blockSize:]
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mul2(&tweak)
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}
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}
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// Decrypt decrypts a sector of ciphertext and puts the result into plaintext.
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// Plaintext and ciphertext must overlap entirely or not at all.
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// Sectors must be a multiple of 16 bytes and less than 2²⁴ bytes.
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func (c *Cipher) Decrypt(plaintext, ciphertext []byte, sectorNum uint64) {
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if len(plaintext) < len(ciphertext) {
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panic("xts: plaintext is smaller than ciphertext")
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}
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if len(ciphertext)%blockSize != 0 {
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panic("xts: ciphertext is not a multiple of the block size")
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}
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var tweak [blockSize]byte
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binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(tweak[:8], sectorNum)
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c.k2.Encrypt(tweak[:], tweak[:])
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for len(ciphertext) > 0 {
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for j := range tweak {
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plaintext[j] = ciphertext[j] ^ tweak[j]
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}
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c.k1.Decrypt(plaintext, plaintext)
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for j := range tweak {
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plaintext[j] ^= tweak[j]
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}
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plaintext = plaintext[blockSize:]
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ciphertext = ciphertext[blockSize:]
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mul2(&tweak)
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}
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}
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// mul2 multiplies tweak by 2 in GF(2¹²⁸) with an irreducible polynomial of
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// x¹²⁸ + x⁷ + x² + x + 1.
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func mul2(tweak *[blockSize]byte) {
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var carryIn byte
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for j := range tweak {
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carryOut := tweak[j] >> 7
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tweak[j] = (tweak[j] << 1) + carryIn
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carryIn = carryOut
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}
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if carryIn != 0 {
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// If we have a carry bit then we need to subtract a multiple
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// of the irreducible polynomial (x¹²⁸ + x⁷ + x² + x + 1).
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// By dropping the carry bit, we're subtracting the x^128 term
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// so all that remains is to subtract x⁷ + x² + x + 1.
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// Subtraction (and addition) in this representation is just
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// XOR.
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tweak[0] ^= 1<<7 | 1<<2 | 1<<1 | 1
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}
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}
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