s3-tests/s3tests/functional/test_s3.py
Casey Bodley e54f0a4508 boto2: copy configured_storage_classes() fix from boto3
some boto2 storage class tests are failing because the list returned by
configured_storage_classes() included an empty string

the boto3 version had an extra line that removes empty values; copy that
for boto2

Signed-off-by: Casey Bodley <cbodley@redhat.com>
2023-09-21 17:44:59 -04:00

774 lines
25 KiB
Python

from io import StringIO
import boto.exception
import boto.s3.connection
import boto.s3.acl
import boto.s3.lifecycle
import datetime
import time
import email.utils
import isodate
import pytest
import operator
import socket
import ssl
import os
import requests
import base64
import hmac
import pytz
import json
import httplib2
import threading
import itertools
import string
import random
import re
from collections import defaultdict
from urllib.parse import urlparse
from . import utils
from .utils import assert_raises
from .policy import Policy, Statement, make_json_policy
from . import (
configfile,
setup_teardown,
nuke_prefixed_buckets,
get_new_bucket,
get_new_bucket_name,
s3,
targets,
config,
get_prefix,
is_slow_backend,
_make_request,
_make_bucket_request,
_make_raw_request,
)
def check_access_denied(fn, *args, **kwargs):
e = assert_raises(boto.exception.S3ResponseError, fn, *args, **kwargs)
assert e.status == 403
assert e.reason == 'Forbidden'
assert e.error_code == 'AccessDenied'
def check_bad_bucket_name(name):
"""
Attempt to create a bucket with a specified name, and confirm
that the request fails because of an invalid bucket name.
"""
e = assert_raises(boto.exception.S3ResponseError, get_new_bucket, targets.main.default, name)
assert e.status == 400
assert e.reason.lower() == 'bad request' # some proxies vary the case
assert e.error_code == 'InvalidBucketName'
def _create_keys(bucket=None, keys=[]):
"""
Populate a (specified or new) bucket with objects with
specified names (and contents identical to their names).
"""
if bucket is None:
bucket = get_new_bucket()
for s in keys:
key = bucket.new_key(s)
key.set_contents_from_string(s)
return bucket
def _get_alt_connection():
return boto.s3.connection.S3Connection(
aws_access_key_id=s3['alt'].aws_access_key_id,
aws_secret_access_key=s3['alt'].aws_secret_access_key,
is_secure=s3['alt'].is_secure,
port=s3['alt'].port,
host=s3['alt'].host,
calling_format=s3['alt'].calling_format,
)
# Breaks DNS with SubdomainCallingFormat
@pytest.mark.fails_with_subdomain
def test_bucket_create_naming_bad_punctuation():
# characters other than [a-zA-Z0-9._-]
check_bad_bucket_name('alpha!soup')
def check_versioning(bucket, status):
try:
assert bucket.get_versioning_status()['Versioning'] == status
except KeyError:
assert status == None
# amazon is eventual consistent, retry a bit if failed
def check_configure_versioning_retry(bucket, status, expected_string):
bucket.configure_versioning(status)
read_status = None
for i in range(5):
try:
read_status = bucket.get_versioning_status()['Versioning']
except KeyError:
read_status = None
if (expected_string == read_status):
break
time.sleep(1)
assert expected_string == read_status
@pytest.mark.versioning
@pytest.mark.fails_on_dbstore
def test_versioning_obj_read_not_exist_null():
bucket = get_new_bucket()
check_versioning(bucket, None)
check_configure_versioning_retry(bucket, True, "Enabled")
content = 'fooz'
objname = 'testobj'
key = bucket.new_key(objname)
key.set_contents_from_string(content)
key = bucket.get_key(objname, version_id='null')
assert key == None
@pytest.mark.fails_on_aws
@pytest.mark.fails_with_subdomain
@pytest.mark.appendobject
@pytest.mark.fails_on_dbstore
def test_append_object():
bucket = get_new_bucket()
key = bucket.new_key('foo')
expires_in = 100000
url = key.generate_url(expires_in, method='PUT')
o = urlparse(url)
path = o.path + '?' + o.query
path1 = path + '&append&position=0'
res = _make_raw_request(host=s3.main.host, port=s3.main.port, method='PUT', path=path1, body='abc', secure=s3.main.is_secure)
path2 = path + '&append&position=3'
res = _make_raw_request(host=s3.main.host, port=s3.main.port, method='PUT', path=path2, body='abc', secure=s3.main.is_secure)
assert res.status == 200
assert res.reason == 'OK'
key = bucket.get_key('foo')
assert key.size == 6
@pytest.mark.fails_on_aws
@pytest.mark.fails_with_subdomain
@pytest.mark.appendobject
@pytest.mark.fails_on_dbstore
def test_append_normal_object():
bucket = get_new_bucket()
key = bucket.new_key('foo')
key.set_contents_from_string('abc')
expires_in = 100000
url = key.generate_url(expires_in, method='PUT')
o = urlparse(url)
path = o.path + '?' + o.query
path = path + '&append&position=3'
res = _make_raw_request(host=s3.main.host, port=s3.main.port, method='PUT', path=path, body='abc', secure=s3.main.is_secure)
assert res.status == 409
@pytest.mark.fails_on_aws
@pytest.mark.fails_with_subdomain
@pytest.mark.appendobject
@pytest.mark.fails_on_dbstore
def test_append_object_position_wrong():
bucket = get_new_bucket()
key = bucket.new_key('foo')
expires_in = 100000
url = key.generate_url(expires_in, method='PUT')
o = urlparse(url)
path = o.path + '?' + o.query
path1 = path + '&append&position=0'
res = _make_raw_request(host=s3.main.host, port=s3.main.port, method='PUT', path=path1, body='abc', secure=s3.main.is_secure)
path2 = path + '&append&position=9'
res = _make_raw_request(host=s3.main.host, port=s3.main.port, method='PUT', path=path2, body='abc', secure=s3.main.is_secure)
assert res.status == 409
assert int(res.getheader('x-rgw-next-append-position')) == 3
# TODO rgw log_bucket.set_as_logging_target() gives 403 Forbidden
# http://tracker.newdream.net/issues/984
@pytest.mark.fails_on_rgw
def test_logging_toggle():
bucket = get_new_bucket()
log_bucket = get_new_bucket(targets.main.default, bucket.name + '-log')
log_bucket.set_as_logging_target()
bucket.enable_logging(target_bucket=log_bucket, target_prefix=bucket.name)
bucket.disable_logging()
# NOTE: this does not actually test whether or not logging works
def list_bucket_storage_class(bucket):
result = defaultdict(list)
for k in bucket.get_all_versions():
result[k.storage_class].append(k)
return result
def transfer_part(bucket, mp_id, mp_keyname, i, part, headers=None):
"""Transfer a part of a multipart upload. Designed to be run in parallel.
"""
mp = boto.s3.multipart.MultiPartUpload(bucket)
mp.key_name = mp_keyname
mp.id = mp_id
part_out = StringIO(part)
mp.upload_part_from_file(part_out, i+1, headers=headers)
def generate_random(size, part_size=5*1024*1024):
"""
Generate the specified number random data.
(actually each MB is a repetition of the first KB)
"""
chunk = 1024
allowed = string.ascii_letters
for x in range(0, size, part_size):
strpart = ''.join([allowed[random.randint(0, len(allowed) - 1)] for _ in range(chunk)])
s = ''
left = size - x
this_part_size = min(left, part_size)
for y in range(this_part_size // chunk):
s = s + strpart
if this_part_size > len(s):
s = s + strpart[0:this_part_size - len(s)]
yield s
if (x == size):
return
def _multipart_upload(bucket, s3_key_name, size, part_size=5*1024*1024, do_list=None, headers=None, metadata=None, storage_class=None, resend_parts=[]):
"""
generate a multi-part upload for a random file of specifed size,
if requested, generate a list of the parts
return the upload descriptor
"""
if storage_class is not None:
if not headers:
headers = {}
headers['X-Amz-Storage-Class'] = storage_class
upload = bucket.initiate_multipart_upload(s3_key_name, headers=headers, metadata=metadata)
s = ''
for i, part in enumerate(generate_random(size, part_size)):
s += part
transfer_part(bucket, upload.id, upload.key_name, i, part, headers)
if i in resend_parts:
transfer_part(bucket, upload.id, upload.key_name, i, part, headers)
if do_list is not None:
l = bucket.list_multipart_uploads()
l = list(l)
return (upload, s)
def _populate_key(bucket, keyname, size=7*1024*1024, storage_class=None):
if bucket is None:
bucket = get_new_bucket()
key = bucket.new_key(keyname)
if storage_class:
key.storage_class = storage_class
data_str = str(next(generate_random(size, size)))
data = StringIO(data_str)
key.set_contents_from_file(fp=data)
return (key, data_str)
def gen_rand_string(size, chars=string.ascii_uppercase + string.digits):
return ''.join(random.choice(chars) for _ in range(size))
def verify_object(bucket, k, data=None, storage_class=None):
if storage_class:
assert k.storage_class == storage_class
if data:
read_data = k.get_contents_as_string()
equal = data == read_data.decode() # avoid spamming log if data not equal
assert equal == True
def copy_object_storage_class(src_bucket, src_key, dest_bucket, dest_key, storage_class):
query_args=None
if dest_key.version_id:
query_arg='versionId={v}'.format(v=dest_key.version_id)
headers = {}
headers['X-Amz-Copy-Source'] = '/{bucket}/{object}'.format(bucket=src_bucket.name, object=src_key.name)
if src_key.version_id:
headers['X-Amz-Copy-Source-Version-Id'] = src_key.version_id
headers['X-Amz-Storage-Class'] = storage_class
res = dest_bucket.connection.make_request('PUT', dest_bucket.name, dest_key.name,
query_args=query_args, headers=headers)
assert res.status == 200
def _populate_multipart_key(bucket, kname, size, storage_class=None):
(upload, data) = _multipart_upload(bucket, kname, size, storage_class=storage_class)
upload.complete_upload()
k = bucket.get_key(kname)
return (k, data)
# Create a lifecycle config. Either days (int) and prefix (string) is given, or rules.
# Rules is an array of dictionaries, each dict has a 'days' and a 'prefix' key
def create_lifecycle(days = None, prefix = 'test/', rules = None):
lifecycle = boto.s3.lifecycle.Lifecycle()
if rules == None:
expiration = boto.s3.lifecycle.Expiration(days=days)
rule = boto.s3.lifecycle.Rule(id=prefix, prefix=prefix, status='Enabled',
expiration=expiration)
lifecycle.append(rule)
else:
for rule in rules:
expiration = None
transition = None
try:
expiration = boto.s3.lifecycle.Expiration(days=rule['days'])
except:
pass
try:
transition = rule['transition']
except:
pass
_id = rule.get('id',None)
rule = boto.s3.lifecycle.Rule(id=_id, prefix=rule['prefix'],
status=rule['status'], expiration=expiration, transition=transition)
lifecycle.append(rule)
return lifecycle
def set_lifecycle(rules = None):
bucket = get_new_bucket()
lifecycle = create_lifecycle(rules=rules)
bucket.configure_lifecycle(lifecycle)
return bucket
def configured_storage_classes():
sc = [ 'STANDARD' ]
if 'storage_classes' in config['main']:
extra_sc = re.split('\W+', config['main']['storage_classes'])
for item in extra_sc:
if item != 'STANDARD':
sc.append(item)
sc = [i for i in sc if i]
print("storage classes configured: " + str(sc))
return sc
def lc_transition(days=None, date=None, storage_class=None):
return boto.s3.lifecycle.Transition(days=days, date=date, storage_class=storage_class)
def lc_transitions(transitions=None):
result = boto.s3.lifecycle.Transitions()
for t in transitions:
result.add_transition(days=t.days, date=t.date, storage_class=t.storage_class)
return result
@pytest.mark.storage_class
@pytest.mark.fails_on_aws
@pytest.mark.fails_on_dbstore
def test_object_storage_class():
sc = configured_storage_classes()
if len(sc) < 2:
pytest.skip('requires multiple storage classes')
bucket = get_new_bucket()
for storage_class in sc:
kname = 'foo-' + storage_class
k, data = _populate_key(bucket, kname, size=9*1024*1024, storage_class=storage_class)
verify_object(bucket, k, data, storage_class)
@pytest.mark.storage_class
@pytest.mark.fails_on_aws
@pytest.mark.fails_on_dbstore
def test_object_storage_class_multipart():
sc = configured_storage_classes()
if len(sc) < 2:
pytest.skip('requires multiple storage classes')
bucket = get_new_bucket()
size = 11 * 1024 * 1024
for storage_class in sc:
key = "mymultipart-" + storage_class
(upload, data) = _multipart_upload(bucket, key, size, storage_class=storage_class)
upload.complete_upload()
key2 = bucket.get_key(key)
assert key2.size == size
assert key2.storage_class == storage_class
def _do_test_object_modify_storage_class(obj_write_func, size):
sc = configured_storage_classes()
if len(sc) < 2:
pytest.skip('requires multiple storage classes')
bucket = get_new_bucket()
for storage_class in sc:
kname = 'foo-' + storage_class
k, data = obj_write_func(bucket, kname, size, storage_class=storage_class)
verify_object(bucket, k, data, storage_class)
for new_storage_class in sc:
if new_storage_class == storage_class:
continue
copy_object_storage_class(bucket, k, bucket, k, new_storage_class)
verify_object(bucket, k, data, storage_class)
@pytest.mark.storage_class
@pytest.mark.fails_on_aws
@pytest.mark.fails_on_dbstore
def test_object_modify_storage_class():
_do_test_object_modify_storage_class(_populate_key, size=9*1024*1024)
@pytest.mark.storage_class
@pytest.mark.fails_on_aws
@pytest.mark.fails_on_dbstore
def test_object_modify_storage_class_multipart():
_do_test_object_modify_storage_class(_populate_multipart_key, size=11*1024*1024)
def _do_test_object_storage_class_copy(obj_write_func, size):
sc = configured_storage_classes()
if len(sc) < 2:
pytest.skip('requires multiple storage classes')
src_bucket = get_new_bucket()
dest_bucket = get_new_bucket()
kname = 'foo'
src_key, data = obj_write_func(src_bucket, kname, size)
verify_object(src_bucket, src_key, data)
for new_storage_class in sc:
if new_storage_class == src_key.storage_class:
continue
dest_key = dest_bucket.get_key('foo-' + new_storage_class, validate=False)
copy_object_storage_class(src_bucket, src_key, dest_bucket, dest_key, new_storage_class)
verify_object(dest_bucket, dest_key, data, new_storage_class)
@pytest.mark.storage_class
@pytest.mark.fails_on_aws
@pytest.mark.fails_on_dbstore
def test_object_storage_class_copy():
_do_test_object_storage_class_copy(_populate_key, size=9*1024*1024)
@pytest.mark.storage_class
@pytest.mark.fails_on_aws
@pytest.mark.fails_on_dbstore
def test_object_storage_class_copy_multipart():
_do_test_object_storage_class_copy(_populate_multipart_key, size=9*1024*1024)
class FakeFile(object):
"""
file that simulates seek, tell, and current character
"""
def __init__(self, char='A', interrupt=None):
self.offset = 0
self.char = bytes(char, 'utf-8')
self.interrupt = interrupt
def seek(self, offset, whence=os.SEEK_SET):
if whence == os.SEEK_SET:
self.offset = offset
elif whence == os.SEEK_END:
self.offset = self.size + offset;
elif whence == os.SEEK_CUR:
self.offset += offset
def tell(self):
return self.offset
class FakeWriteFile(FakeFile):
"""
file that simulates interruptable reads of constant data
"""
def __init__(self, size, char='A', interrupt=None):
FakeFile.__init__(self, char, interrupt)
self.size = size
def read(self, size=-1):
if size < 0:
size = self.size - self.offset
count = min(size, self.size - self.offset)
self.offset += count
# Sneaky! do stuff before we return (the last time)
if self.interrupt != None and self.offset == self.size and count > 0:
self.interrupt()
return self.char*count
class FakeFileVerifier(object):
"""
file that verifies expected data has been written
"""
def __init__(self, char=None):
self.char = char
self.size = 0
def write(self, data):
size = len(data)
if self.char == None:
self.char = data[0]
self.size += size
assert data.decode() == self.char*size
def _verify_atomic_key_data(key, size=-1, char=None):
"""
Make sure file is of the expected size and (simulated) content
"""
fp_verify = FakeFileVerifier(char)
key.get_contents_to_file(fp_verify)
if size >= 0:
assert fp_verify.size == size
def _test_atomic_dual_conditional_write(file_size):
"""
create an object, two sessions writing different contents
confirm that it is all one or the other
"""
bucket = get_new_bucket()
objname = 'testobj'
key = bucket.new_key(objname)
fp_a = FakeWriteFile(file_size, 'A')
key.set_contents_from_file(fp_a)
_verify_atomic_key_data(key, file_size, 'A')
etag_fp_a = key.etag.replace('"', '').strip()
# get a second key object (for the same key)
# so both can be writing without interfering
key2 = bucket.new_key(objname)
# write <file_size> file of C's
# but before we're done, try to write all B's
fp_b = FakeWriteFile(file_size, 'B')
fp_c = FakeWriteFile(file_size, 'C',
lambda: key2.set_contents_from_file(fp_b, rewind=True, headers={'If-Match': etag_fp_a})
)
# key.set_contents_from_file(fp_c, headers={'If-Match': etag_fp_a})
e = assert_raises(boto.exception.S3ResponseError, key.set_contents_from_file, fp_c,
headers={'If-Match': etag_fp_a})
assert e.status == 412
assert e.reason == 'Precondition Failed'
assert e.error_code == 'PreconditionFailed'
# verify the file
_verify_atomic_key_data(key, file_size, 'B')
@pytest.mark.fails_on_aws
@pytest.mark.fails_on_dbstore
def test_atomic_dual_conditional_write_1mb():
_test_atomic_dual_conditional_write(1024*1024)
@pytest.mark.fails_on_aws
@pytest.mark.fails_on_dbstore
def test_atomic_write_bucket_gone():
bucket = get_new_bucket()
def remove_bucket():
bucket.delete()
# create file of A's but delete the bucket it's in before we finish writing
# all of them
key = bucket.new_key('foo')
fp_a = FakeWriteFile(1024*1024, 'A', remove_bucket)
e = assert_raises(boto.exception.S3ResponseError, key.set_contents_from_file, fp_a)
assert e.status == 404
assert e.reason == 'Not Found'
assert e.error_code == 'NoSuchBucket'
def _multipart_upload_enc(bucket, s3_key_name, size, part_size=5*1024*1024,
do_list=None, init_headers=None, part_headers=None,
metadata=None, resend_parts=[]):
"""
generate a multi-part upload for a random file of specifed size,
if requested, generate a list of the parts
return the upload descriptor
"""
upload = bucket.initiate_multipart_upload(s3_key_name, headers=init_headers, metadata=metadata)
s = ''
for i, part in enumerate(generate_random(size, part_size)):
s += part
transfer_part(bucket, upload.id, upload.key_name, i, part, part_headers)
if i in resend_parts:
transfer_part(bucket, upload.id, upload.key_name, i, part, part_headers)
if do_list is not None:
l = bucket.list_multipart_uploads()
l = list(l)
return (upload, s)
@pytest.mark.encryption
@pytest.mark.fails_on_dbstore
def test_encryption_sse_c_multipart_invalid_chunks_1():
bucket = get_new_bucket()
key = "multipart_enc"
content_type = 'text/bla'
objlen = 30 * 1024 * 1024
init_headers = {
'x-amz-server-side-encryption-customer-algorithm': 'AES256',
'x-amz-server-side-encryption-customer-key': 'pO3upElrwuEXSoFwCfnZPdSsmt/xWeFa0N9KgDijwVs=',
'x-amz-server-side-encryption-customer-key-md5': 'DWygnHRtgiJ77HCm+1rvHw==',
'Content-Type': content_type
}
part_headers = {
'x-amz-server-side-encryption-customer-algorithm': 'AES256',
'x-amz-server-side-encryption-customer-key': '6b+WOZ1T3cqZMxgThRcXAQBrS5mXKdDUphvpxptl9/4=',
'x-amz-server-side-encryption-customer-key-md5': 'arxBvwY2V4SiOne6yppVPQ=='
}
e = assert_raises(boto.exception.S3ResponseError,
_multipart_upload_enc, bucket, key, objlen,
init_headers=init_headers, part_headers=part_headers,
metadata={'foo': 'bar'})
assert e.status == 400
@pytest.mark.encryption
@pytest.mark.fails_on_dbstore
def test_encryption_sse_c_multipart_invalid_chunks_2():
bucket = get_new_bucket()
key = "multipart_enc"
content_type = 'text/plain'
objlen = 30 * 1024 * 1024
init_headers = {
'x-amz-server-side-encryption-customer-algorithm': 'AES256',
'x-amz-server-side-encryption-customer-key': 'pO3upElrwuEXSoFwCfnZPdSsmt/xWeFa0N9KgDijwVs=',
'x-amz-server-side-encryption-customer-key-md5': 'DWygnHRtgiJ77HCm+1rvHw==',
'Content-Type': content_type
}
part_headers = {
'x-amz-server-side-encryption-customer-algorithm': 'AES256',
'x-amz-server-side-encryption-customer-key': 'pO3upElrwuEXSoFwCfnZPdSsmt/xWeFa0N9KgDijwVs=',
'x-amz-server-side-encryption-customer-key-md5': 'AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=='
}
e = assert_raises(boto.exception.S3ResponseError,
_multipart_upload_enc, bucket, key, objlen,
init_headers=init_headers, part_headers=part_headers,
metadata={'foo': 'bar'})
assert e.status == 400
@pytest.mark.fails_with_subdomain
@pytest.mark.bucket_policy
@pytest.mark.fails_on_dbstore
def test_bucket_policy_different_tenant():
bucket = get_new_bucket()
key = bucket.new_key('asdf')
key.set_contents_from_string('asdf')
l = bucket.list()
resource1 = "arn:aws:s3::*:" + bucket.name
resource2 = "arn:aws:s3::*:" + bucket.name + "/*"
policy_document = json.dumps(
{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Principal": {"AWS": "*"},
"Action": "s3:ListBucket",
"Resource": [
"{}".format(resource1),
"{}".format(resource2)
]
}]
})
bucket.set_policy(policy_document)
new_conn = boto.s3.connection.S3Connection(
aws_access_key_id=s3['tenant'].aws_access_key_id,
aws_secret_access_key=s3['tenant'].aws_secret_access_key,
is_secure=s3['tenant'].is_secure,
port=s3['tenant'].port,
host=s3['tenant'].host,
calling_format=s3['tenant'].calling_format,
)
bucket_name = ":" + bucket.name
b = new_conn.get_bucket(bucket_name)
b.get_all_keys()
@pytest.mark.bucket_policy
@pytest.mark.fails_on_dbstore
def test_bucket_policy_set_condition_operator_end_with_IfExists():
bucket = _create_keys(keys=['foo'])
policy = '''{
"Version":"2012-10-17",
"Statement": [{
"Sid": "Allow Public Access to All Objects",
"Effect": "Allow",
"Principal": "*",
"Action": "s3:GetObject",
"Condition": {
"StringLikeIfExists": {
"aws:Referer": "http://www.example.com/*"
}
},
"Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::%s/*"
}
]
}''' % bucket.name
assert bucket.set_policy(policy) == True
res = _make_request('GET', bucket.name, bucket.get_key("foo"),
request_headers={'referer': 'http://www.example.com/'})
assert res.status == 200
res = _make_request('GET', bucket.name, bucket.get_key("foo"),
request_headers={'referer': 'http://www.example.com/index.html'})
assert res.status == 200
res = _make_request('GET', bucket.name, bucket.get_key("foo"))
assert res.status == 200
res = _make_request('GET', bucket.name, bucket.get_key("foo"),
request_headers={'referer': 'http://example.com'})
assert res.status == 403
def _make_arn_resource(path="*"):
return "arn:aws:s3:::{}".format(path)
@pytest.mark.tagging
@pytest.mark.bucket_policy
@pytest.mark.fails_on_dbstore
def test_bucket_policy_put_obj_request_obj_tag():
bucket = get_new_bucket()
tag_conditional = {"StringEquals": {
"s3:RequestObjectTag/security" : "public"
}}
p = Policy()
resource = _make_arn_resource("{}/{}".format(bucket.name, "*"))
s1 = Statement("s3:PutObject", resource, effect="Allow", condition=tag_conditional)
policy_document = p.add_statement(s1).to_json()
bucket.set_policy(policy_document)
new_conn = _get_alt_connection()
bucket1 = new_conn.get_bucket(bucket.name, validate=False)
key1_str ='testobj'
key1 = bucket1.new_key(key1_str)
check_access_denied(key1.set_contents_from_string, key1_str)
headers = {"x-amz-tagging" : "security=public"}
key1.set_contents_from_string(key1_str, headers=headers)