package core import ( "bytes" "errors" "fmt" "math" "math/big" "sort" "sync" "sync/atomic" "time" "github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/config" "github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/core/block" "github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/core/blockchainer" "github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/core/blockchainer/services" "github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/core/dao" "github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/core/interop" "github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/core/interop/contract" "github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/core/mempool" "github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/core/native" "github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/core/native/noderoles" "github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/core/state" "github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/core/stateroot" "github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/core/storage" "github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/core/transaction" "github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/crypto/hash" "github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/crypto/keys" "github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/encoding/fixedn" "github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/io" "github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/smartcontract" "github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/smartcontract/callflag" "github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/smartcontract/manifest" "github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/smartcontract/trigger" "github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/util" "github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/vm" "github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/vm/stackitem" "go.uber.org/zap" ) // Tuning parameters. const ( headerBatchCount = 2000 version = "0.1.2" defaultInitialGAS = 52000000_00000000 defaultMemPoolSize = 50000 defaultP2PNotaryRequestPayloadPoolSize = 1000 defaultMaxBlockSize = 262144 defaultMaxBlockSystemFee = 900000000000 defaultMaxTraceableBlocks = 2102400 // 1 year of 15s blocks defaultMaxTransactionsPerBlock = 512 // HeaderVerificationGasLimit is the maximum amount of GAS for block header verification. HeaderVerificationGasLimit = 3_00000000 // 3 GAS defaultStateSyncInterval = 40000 ) var ( // ErrAlreadyExists is returned when trying to add some already existing // transaction into the pool (not specifying whether it exists in the // chain or mempool). ErrAlreadyExists = errors.New("already exists") // ErrOOM is returned when adding transaction to the memory pool because // it reached its full capacity. ErrOOM = errors.New("no space left in the memory pool") // ErrPolicy is returned on attempt to add transaction that doesn't // comply with node's configured policy into the mempool. ErrPolicy = errors.New("not allowed by policy") // ErrInvalidBlockIndex is returned when trying to add block with index // other than expected height of the blockchain. ErrInvalidBlockIndex error = errors.New("invalid block index") // ErrHasConflicts is returned when trying to add some transaction which // conflicts with other transaction in the chain or pool according to // Conflicts attribute. ErrHasConflicts = errors.New("has conflicts") ) var ( persistInterval = 1 * time.Second ) // Blockchain represents the blockchain. It maintans internal state representing // the state of the ledger that can be accessed in various ways and changed by // adding new blocks or headers. type Blockchain struct { config config.ProtocolConfiguration // The only way chain state changes is by adding blocks, so we can't // allow concurrent block additions. It differs from the next lock in // that it's only for AddBlock method itself, the chain state is // protected by the lock below, but holding it during all of AddBlock // is too expensive (because the state only changes when persisting // change cache). addLock sync.Mutex // This lock ensures blockchain immutability for operations that need // that while performing their tasks. It's mostly used as a read lock // with the only writer being the block addition logic. lock sync.RWMutex // Data access object for CRUD operations around storage. It's write-cached. dao *dao.Simple // persistent is the same DB as dao, but we never write to it, so all reads // are directly from underlying persistent store. persistent *dao.Simple // Current index/height of the highest block. // Read access should always be called by BlockHeight(). // Write access should only happen in storeBlock(). blockHeight uint32 // Current top Block wrapped in an atomic.Value for safe access. topBlock atomic.Value // Current persisted block count. persistedHeight uint32 // Number of headers stored in the chain file. storedHeaderCount uint32 // Header hashes list with associated lock. headerHashesLock sync.RWMutex headerHashes []util.Uint256 // Stop synchronization mechanisms. stopCh chan struct{} runToExitCh chan struct{} memPool *mempool.Pool // postBlock is a set of callback methods which should be run under the Blockchain lock after new block is persisted. // Block's transactions are passed via mempool. postBlock []func(blockchainer.Blockchainer, *mempool.Pool, *block.Block) sbCommittee keys.PublicKeys log *zap.Logger lastBatch *storage.MemBatch contracts native.Contracts extensible atomic.Value // defaultBlockWitness stores transaction.Witness with m out of n multisig, // where n = ValidatorsCount. defaultBlockWitness atomic.Value stateRoot *stateroot.Module // Notification subsystem. events chan bcEvent subCh chan interface{} unsubCh chan interface{} } // bcEvent is an internal event generated by the Blockchain and then // broadcasted to other parties. It joins the new block and associated // invocation logs, all the other events visible from outside can be produced // from this combination. type bcEvent struct { block *block.Block appExecResults []*state.AppExecResult } // transferData is used for transfer caching during storeBlock. type transferData struct { Info state.NEP17TransferInfo Log state.NEP17TransferLog } // NewBlockchain returns a new blockchain object the will use the // given Store as its underlying storage. For it to work correctly you need // to spawn a goroutine for its Run method after this initialization. func NewBlockchain(s storage.Store, cfg config.ProtocolConfiguration, log *zap.Logger) (*Blockchain, error) { if log == nil { return nil, errors.New("empty logger") } if cfg.InitialGASSupply <= 0 { cfg.InitialGASSupply = fixedn.Fixed8(defaultInitialGAS) log.Info("initial gas supply is not set or wrong, setting default value", zap.String("InitialGASSupply", cfg.InitialGASSupply.String())) } if cfg.MemPoolSize <= 0 { cfg.MemPoolSize = defaultMemPoolSize log.Info("mempool size is not set or wrong, setting default value", zap.Int("MemPoolSize", cfg.MemPoolSize)) } if cfg.P2PSigExtensions && cfg.P2PNotaryRequestPayloadPoolSize <= 0 { cfg.P2PNotaryRequestPayloadPoolSize = defaultP2PNotaryRequestPayloadPoolSize log.Info("P2PNotaryRequestPayloadPool size is not set or wrong, setting default value", zap.Int("P2PNotaryRequestPayloadPoolSize", cfg.P2PNotaryRequestPayloadPoolSize)) } if cfg.MaxBlockSize == 0 { cfg.MaxBlockSize = defaultMaxBlockSize log.Info("MaxBlockSize is not set or wrong, setting default value", zap.Uint32("MaxBlockSize", cfg.MaxBlockSize)) } if cfg.MaxBlockSystemFee <= 0 { cfg.MaxBlockSystemFee = defaultMaxBlockSystemFee log.Info("MaxBlockSystemFee is not set or wrong, setting default value", zap.Int64("MaxBlockSystemFee", cfg.MaxBlockSystemFee)) } if cfg.MaxTraceableBlocks == 0 { cfg.MaxTraceableBlocks = defaultMaxTraceableBlocks log.Info("MaxTraceableBlocks is not set or wrong, using default value", zap.Uint32("MaxTraceableBlocks", cfg.MaxTraceableBlocks)) } if cfg.MaxTransactionsPerBlock == 0 { cfg.MaxTransactionsPerBlock = defaultMaxTransactionsPerBlock log.Info("MaxTransactionsPerBlock is not set or wrong, using default value", zap.Uint16("MaxTransactionsPerBlock", cfg.MaxTransactionsPerBlock)) } if cfg.MaxValidUntilBlockIncrement == 0 { const secondsPerDay = int(24 * time.Hour / time.Second) cfg.MaxValidUntilBlockIncrement = uint32(secondsPerDay / cfg.SecondsPerBlock) log.Info("MaxValidUntilBlockIncrement is not set or wrong, using default value", zap.Uint32("MaxValidUntilBlockIncrement", cfg.MaxValidUntilBlockIncrement)) } if cfg.P2PStateExchangeExtensions { if !cfg.StateRootInHeader { return nil, errors.New("P2PStatesExchangeExtensions are enabled, but StateRootInHeader is off") } if cfg.StateSyncInterval <= 0 { cfg.StateSyncInterval = defaultStateSyncInterval log.Info("StateSyncInterval is not set or wrong, using default value", zap.Int("StateSyncInterval", cfg.StateSyncInterval)) } } committee, err := committeeFromConfig(cfg) if err != nil { return nil, err } if len(cfg.NativeUpdateHistories) == 0 { cfg.NativeUpdateHistories = map[string][]uint32{} log.Info("NativeActivations are not set, using default values") } bc := &Blockchain{ config: cfg, dao: dao.NewSimple(s, cfg.StateRootInHeader, cfg.P2PSigExtensions), persistent: dao.NewSimple(s, cfg.StateRootInHeader, cfg.P2PSigExtensions), stopCh: make(chan struct{}), runToExitCh: make(chan struct{}), memPool: mempool.New(cfg.MemPoolSize, 0, false), sbCommittee: committee, log: log, events: make(chan bcEvent), subCh: make(chan interface{}), unsubCh: make(chan interface{}), contracts: *native.NewContracts(cfg), } bc.stateRoot = stateroot.NewModule(bc, bc.log, bc.dao.Store) bc.contracts.Designate.StateRootService = bc.stateRoot if err := bc.init(); err != nil { return nil, err } return bc, nil } // SetOracle sets oracle module. It doesn't protected by mutex and // must be called before `bc.Run()` to avoid data race. func (bc *Blockchain) SetOracle(mod services.Oracle) { orc := bc.contracts.Oracle md, ok := orc.GetMethod(manifest.MethodVerify, -1) if !ok { panic(fmt.Errorf("%s method not found", manifest.MethodVerify)) } mod.UpdateNativeContract(orc.NEF.Script, orc.GetOracleResponseScript(), orc.Hash, md.MD.Offset) orc.Module.Store(mod) bc.contracts.Designate.OracleService.Store(mod) } // SetNotary sets notary module. It doesn't protected by mutex and // must be called before `bc.Run()` to avoid data race. func (bc *Blockchain) SetNotary(mod services.Notary) { bc.contracts.Designate.NotaryService.Store(mod) } func (bc *Blockchain) init() error { // If we could not find the version in the Store, we know that there is nothing stored. ver, err := bc.dao.GetVersion() if err != nil { bc.log.Info("no storage version found! creating genesis block") if err = bc.dao.PutVersion(version); err != nil { return err } genesisBlock, err := createGenesisBlock(bc.config) if err != nil { return err } bc.headerHashes = []util.Uint256{genesisBlock.Hash()} err = bc.dao.PutCurrentHeader(hashAndIndexToBytes(genesisBlock.Hash(), genesisBlock.Index)) if err != nil { return err } if err := bc.stateRoot.Init(0, bc.config.KeepOnlyLatestState); err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("can't init MPT: %w", err) } return bc.storeBlock(genesisBlock, nil) } if ver != version { return fmt.Errorf("storage version mismatch betweeen %s and %s", version, ver) } // At this point there was no version found in the storage which // implies a creating fresh storage with the version specified // and the genesis block as first block. bc.log.Info("restoring blockchain", zap.String("version", version)) bHeight, err := bc.dao.GetCurrentBlockHeight() if err != nil { return err } bc.blockHeight = bHeight bc.persistedHeight = bHeight if err = bc.stateRoot.Init(bHeight, bc.config.KeepOnlyLatestState); err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("can't init MPT at height %d: %w", bHeight, err) } bc.headerHashes, err = bc.dao.GetHeaderHashes() if err != nil { return err } bc.storedHeaderCount = uint32(len(bc.headerHashes)) currHeaderHeight, currHeaderHash, err := bc.dao.GetCurrentHeaderHeight() if err != nil { return err } if bc.storedHeaderCount == 0 && currHeaderHeight == 0 { bc.headerHashes = append(bc.headerHashes, currHeaderHash) } // There is a high chance that the Node is stopped before the next // batch of 2000 headers was stored. Via the currentHeaders stored we can sync // that with stored blocks. if currHeaderHeight >= bc.storedHeaderCount { hash := currHeaderHash var targetHash util.Uint256 if len(bc.headerHashes) > 0 { targetHash = bc.headerHashes[len(bc.headerHashes)-1] } else { genesisBlock, err := createGenesisBlock(bc.config) if err != nil { return err } targetHash = genesisBlock.Hash() bc.headerHashes = append(bc.headerHashes, targetHash) } headers := make([]*block.Header, 0) for hash != targetHash { header, err := bc.GetHeader(hash) if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("could not get header %s: %w", hash, err) } headers = append(headers, header) hash = header.PrevHash } headerSliceReverse(headers) for _, h := range headers { bc.headerHashes = append(bc.headerHashes, h.Hash()) } } err = bc.contracts.NEO.InitializeCache(bc, bc.dao) if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("can't init cache for NEO native contract: %w", err) } err = bc.contracts.Management.InitializeCache(bc.dao) if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("can't init cache for Management native contract: %w", err) } // Check autogenerated native contracts' manifests and NEFs against the stored ones. // Need to be done after native Management cache initialisation to be able to get // contract state from DAO via high-level bc API. for _, c := range bc.contracts.Contracts { md := c.Metadata() history := md.UpdateHistory if len(history) == 0 || history[0] > bHeight { continue } storedCS := bc.GetContractState(md.Hash) if storedCS == nil { return fmt.Errorf("native contract %s is not stored", md.Name) } storedCSBytes, err := stackitem.SerializeConvertible(storedCS) if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("failed to check native %s state against autogenerated one: %w", md.Name, err) } autogenCS := &state.Contract{ ContractBase: md.ContractBase, UpdateCounter: storedCS.UpdateCounter, // it can be restored only from the DB, so use the stored value. } autogenCSBytes, err := stackitem.SerializeConvertible(autogenCS) if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("failed to check native %s state against autogenerated one: %w", md.Name, err) } if !bytes.Equal(storedCSBytes, autogenCSBytes) { return fmt.Errorf("native %s: version mismatch (stored contract state differs from autogenerated one), "+ "try to resynchronize the node from the genesis", md.Name) } } return bc.updateExtensibleWhitelist(bHeight) } // Run runs chain loop, it needs to be run as goroutine and executing it is // critical for correct Blockchain operation. func (bc *Blockchain) Run() { persistTimer := time.NewTimer(persistInterval) defer func() { persistTimer.Stop() if _, err := bc.persist(); err != nil { bc.log.Warn("failed to persist", zap.Error(err)) } if err := bc.dao.Store.Close(); err != nil { bc.log.Warn("failed to close db", zap.Error(err)) } close(bc.runToExitCh) }() go bc.notificationDispatcher() for { select { case <-bc.stopCh: return case <-persistTimer.C: dur, err := bc.persist() if err != nil { bc.log.Warn("failed to persist blockchain", zap.Error(err)) } interval := persistInterval - dur if interval <= 0 { interval = time.Microsecond // Reset doesn't work with zero value } persistTimer.Reset(interval) } } } // notificationDispatcher manages subscription to events and broadcasts new events. func (bc *Blockchain) notificationDispatcher() { var ( // These are just sets of subscribers, though modelled as maps // for ease of management (not a lot of subscriptions is really // expected, but maps are convenient for adding/deleting elements). blockFeed = make(map[chan<- *block.Block]bool) txFeed = make(map[chan<- *transaction.Transaction]bool) notificationFeed = make(map[chan<- *state.NotificationEvent]bool) executionFeed = make(map[chan<- *state.AppExecResult]bool) ) for { select { case <-bc.stopCh: return case sub := <-bc.subCh: switch ch := sub.(type) { case chan<- *block.Block: blockFeed[ch] = true case chan<- *transaction.Transaction: txFeed[ch] = true case chan<- *state.NotificationEvent: notificationFeed[ch] = true case chan<- *state.AppExecResult: executionFeed[ch] = true default: panic(fmt.Sprintf("bad subscription: %T", sub)) } case unsub := <-bc.unsubCh: switch ch := unsub.(type) { case chan<- *block.Block: delete(blockFeed, ch) case chan<- *transaction.Transaction: delete(txFeed, ch) case chan<- *state.NotificationEvent: delete(notificationFeed, ch) case chan<- *state.AppExecResult: delete(executionFeed, ch) default: panic(fmt.Sprintf("bad unsubscription: %T", unsub)) } case event := <-bc.events: // We don't want to waste time looping through transactions when there are no // subscribers. if len(txFeed) != 0 || len(notificationFeed) != 0 || len(executionFeed) != 0 { aer := event.appExecResults[0] if !aer.Container.Equals(event.block.Hash()) { panic("inconsistent application execution results") } for ch := range executionFeed { ch <- aer } for i := range aer.Events { for ch := range notificationFeed { ch <- &aer.Events[i] } } aerIdx := 1 for _, tx := range event.block.Transactions { aer := event.appExecResults[aerIdx] if !aer.Container.Equals(tx.Hash()) { panic("inconsistent application execution results") } aerIdx++ for ch := range executionFeed { ch <- aer } if aer.VMState == vm.HaltState { for i := range aer.Events { for ch := range notificationFeed { ch <- &aer.Events[i] } } } for ch := range txFeed { ch <- tx } } aer = event.appExecResults[aerIdx] if !aer.Container.Equals(event.block.Hash()) { panic("inconsistent application execution results") } for ch := range executionFeed { ch <- aer } for i := range aer.Events { for ch := range notificationFeed { ch <- &aer.Events[i] } } } for ch := range blockFeed { ch <- event.block } } } } // Close stops Blockchain's internal loop, syncs changes to persistent storage // and closes it. The Blockchain is no longer functional after the call to Close. func (bc *Blockchain) Close() { // If there is a block addition in progress, wait for it to finish and // don't allow new ones. bc.addLock.Lock() close(bc.stopCh) <-bc.runToExitCh bc.addLock.Unlock() } // AddBlock accepts successive block for the Blockchain, verifies it and // stores internally. Eventually it will be persisted to the backing storage. func (bc *Blockchain) AddBlock(block *block.Block) error { bc.addLock.Lock() defer bc.addLock.Unlock() var mp *mempool.Pool expectedHeight := bc.BlockHeight() + 1 if expectedHeight != block.Index { return fmt.Errorf("expected %d, got %d: %w", expectedHeight, block.Index, ErrInvalidBlockIndex) } if bc.config.StateRootInHeader != block.StateRootEnabled { return fmt.Errorf("%w: %v != %v", ErrHdrStateRootSetting, bc.config.StateRootInHeader, block.StateRootEnabled) } if block.Index == bc.HeaderHeight()+1 { err := bc.addHeaders(bc.config.VerifyBlocks, &block.Header) if err != nil { return err } } if bc.config.VerifyBlocks { merkle := block.ComputeMerkleRoot() if !block.MerkleRoot.Equals(merkle) { return errors.New("invalid block: MerkleRoot mismatch") } mp = mempool.New(len(block.Transactions), 0, false) for _, tx := range block.Transactions { var err error // Transactions are verified before adding them // into the pool, so there is no point in doing // it again even if we're verifying in-block transactions. if bc.memPool.ContainsKey(tx.Hash()) { err = mp.Add(tx, bc) if err == nil { continue } } else { err = bc.verifyAndPoolTx(tx, mp, bc) } if err != nil && bc.config.VerifyTransactions { return fmt.Errorf("transaction %s failed to verify: %w", tx.Hash().StringLE(), err) } } } return bc.storeBlock(block, mp) } // AddHeaders processes the given headers and add them to the // HeaderHashList. It expects headers to be sorted by index. func (bc *Blockchain) AddHeaders(headers ...*block.Header) error { return bc.addHeaders(bc.config.VerifyBlocks, headers...) } // addHeaders is an internal implementation of AddHeaders (`verify` parameter // tells it to verify or not verify given headers). func (bc *Blockchain) addHeaders(verify bool, headers ...*block.Header) error { var ( start = time.Now() batch = bc.dao.Store.Batch() err error ) if len(headers) > 0 { var i int curHeight := bc.HeaderHeight() for i = range headers { if headers[i].Index > curHeight { break } } headers = headers[i:] } if len(headers) == 0 { return nil } else if verify { // Verify that the chain of the headers is consistent. var lastHeader *block.Header if lastHeader, err = bc.GetHeader(headers[0].PrevHash); err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("previous header was not found: %w", err) } for _, h := range headers { if err = bc.verifyHeader(h, lastHeader); err != nil { return err } lastHeader = h } } buf := io.NewBufBinWriter() bc.headerHashesLock.Lock() defer bc.headerHashesLock.Unlock() oldlen := len(bc.headerHashes) var lastHeader *block.Header for _, h := range headers { if int(h.Index) != len(bc.headerHashes) { continue } bc.headerHashes = append(bc.headerHashes, h.Hash()) h.EncodeBinary(buf.BinWriter) buf.BinWriter.WriteB(0) if buf.Err != nil { return buf.Err } key := storage.AppendPrefix(storage.DataBlock, h.Hash().BytesBE()) batch.Put(key, buf.Bytes()) buf.Reset() lastHeader = h } if oldlen != len(bc.headerHashes) { for int(lastHeader.Index)-headerBatchCount >= int(bc.storedHeaderCount) { buf.WriteArray(bc.headerHashes[bc.storedHeaderCount : bc.storedHeaderCount+headerBatchCount]) if buf.Err != nil { return buf.Err } key := storage.AppendPrefixInt(storage.IXHeaderHashList, int(bc.storedHeaderCount)) batch.Put(key, buf.Bytes()) bc.storedHeaderCount += headerBatchCount } batch.Put(storage.SYSCurrentHeader.Bytes(), hashAndIndexToBytes(lastHeader.Hash(), lastHeader.Index)) updateHeaderHeightMetric(len(bc.headerHashes) - 1) if err = bc.dao.Store.PutBatch(batch); err != nil { return err } bc.log.Debug("done processing headers", zap.Int("headerIndex", len(bc.headerHashes)-1), zap.Uint32("blockHeight", bc.BlockHeight()), zap.Duration("took", time.Since(start))) } return nil } // GetStateModule returns state root service instance. func (bc *Blockchain) GetStateModule() blockchainer.StateRoot { return bc.stateRoot } // storeBlock performs chain update using the block given, it executes all // transactions with all appropriate side-effects and updates Blockchain state. // This is the only way to change Blockchain state. func (bc *Blockchain) storeBlock(block *block.Block, txpool *mempool.Pool) error { var ( cache = bc.dao.GetWrapped() appExecResults = make([]*state.AppExecResult, 0, 2+len(block.Transactions)) aerchan = make(chan *state.AppExecResult, len(block.Transactions)/8) // Tested 8 and 4 with no practical difference, but feel free to test more and tune. aerdone = make(chan error) blockdone = make(chan error) ) go func() { var ( kvcache = cache.GetWrapped() writeBuf = io.NewBufBinWriter() ) if err := kvcache.StoreAsBlock(block, writeBuf); err != nil { blockdone <- err return } writeBuf.Reset() if err := kvcache.StoreAsCurrentBlock(block, writeBuf); err != nil { blockdone <- err return } writeBuf.Reset() for _, tx := range block.Transactions { if err := kvcache.StoreAsTransaction(tx, block.Index, writeBuf); err != nil { blockdone <- err return } writeBuf.Reset() } if bc.config.RemoveUntraceableBlocks { var start, stop uint32 if bc.config.P2PStateExchangeExtensions { // remove batch of old blocks starting from P2-MaxTraceableBlocks-StateSyncInterval up to P2-MaxTraceableBlocks if block.Index >= 2*uint32(bc.config.StateSyncInterval) && block.Index >= uint32(bc.config.StateSyncInterval)+bc.config.MaxTraceableBlocks && // check this in case if MaxTraceableBlocks>StateSyncInterval int(block.Index)%bc.config.StateSyncInterval == 0 { stop = block.Index - uint32(bc.config.StateSyncInterval) - bc.config.MaxTraceableBlocks if stop > uint32(bc.config.StateSyncInterval) { start = stop - uint32(bc.config.StateSyncInterval) } } } else if block.Index > bc.config.MaxTraceableBlocks { start = block.Index - bc.config.MaxTraceableBlocks // is at least 1 stop = start + 1 } for index := start; index < stop; index++ { err := kvcache.DeleteBlock(bc.headerHashes[index], writeBuf) if err != nil { bc.log.Warn("error while removing old block", zap.Uint32("index", index), zap.Error(err)) } writeBuf.Reset() } } _, err := kvcache.Persist() if err != nil { blockdone <- err } close(blockdone) }() go func() { var ( kvcache = cache.GetWrapped() writeBuf = io.NewBufBinWriter() err error appendBlock bool transCache = make(map[util.Uint160]transferData) ) for aer := range aerchan { if aer.Container == block.Hash() && appendBlock { err = kvcache.AppendAppExecResult(aer, writeBuf) } else { err = kvcache.PutAppExecResult(aer, writeBuf) if aer.Container == block.Hash() { appendBlock = true } } if err != nil { err = fmt.Errorf("failed to store exec result: %w", err) break } if aer.Execution.VMState == vm.HaltState { for j := range aer.Execution.Events { bc.handleNotification(&aer.Execution.Events[j], kvcache, transCache, block, aer.Container) } } writeBuf.Reset() } if err != nil { aerdone <- err return } for acc, trData := range transCache { err = kvcache.PutNEP17TransferInfo(acc, &trData.Info) if err != nil { aerdone <- err return } err = kvcache.PutNEP17TransferLog(acc, trData.Info.NextTransferBatch, &trData.Log) if err != nil { aerdone <- err return } } _, err = kvcache.Persist() if err != nil { aerdone <- err } close(aerdone) }() aer, err := bc.runPersist(bc.contracts.GetPersistScript(), block, cache, trigger.OnPersist) if err != nil { // Release goroutines, don't care about errors, we already have one. close(aerchan) <-blockdone <-aerdone return fmt.Errorf("onPersist failed: %w", err) } appExecResults = append(appExecResults, aer) aerchan <- aer for _, tx := range block.Transactions { systemInterop := bc.newInteropContext(trigger.Application, cache, block, tx) v := systemInterop.SpawnVM() v.LoadScriptWithFlags(tx.Script, callflag.All) v.SetPriceGetter(systemInterop.GetPrice) v.LoadToken = contract.LoadToken(systemInterop) v.GasLimit = tx.SystemFee err := v.Run() var faultException string if !v.HasFailed() { _, err := systemInterop.DAO.Persist() if err != nil { // Release goroutines, don't care about errors, we already have one. close(aerchan) <-blockdone <-aerdone return fmt.Errorf("failed to persist invocation results: %w", err) } } else { bc.log.Warn("contract invocation failed", zap.String("tx", tx.Hash().StringLE()), zap.Uint32("block", block.Index), zap.Error(err)) faultException = err.Error() } aer := &state.AppExecResult{ Container: tx.Hash(), Execution: state.Execution{ Trigger: trigger.Application, VMState: v.State(), GasConsumed: v.GasConsumed(), Stack: v.Estack().ToArray(), Events: systemInterop.Notifications, FaultException: faultException, }, } appExecResults = append(appExecResults, aer) aerchan <- aer } aer, err = bc.runPersist(bc.contracts.GetPostPersistScript(), block, cache, trigger.PostPersist) if err != nil { // Release goroutines, don't care about errors, we already have one. close(aerchan) <-blockdone <-aerdone return fmt.Errorf("postPersist failed: %w", err) } appExecResults = append(appExecResults, aer) aerchan <- aer close(aerchan) d := cache.(*dao.Simple) b := d.GetMPTBatch() mpt, sr, err := bc.stateRoot.AddMPTBatch(block.Index, b, d.Store) if err != nil { // Release goroutines, don't care about errors, we already have one. <-blockdone <-aerdone // Here MPT can be left in a half-applied state. // However if this error occurs, this is a bug somewhere in code // because changes applied are the ones from HALTed transactions. return fmt.Errorf("error while trying to apply MPT changes: %w", err) } if bc.config.StateRootInHeader && bc.HeaderHeight() > sr.Index { h, err := bc.GetHeader(bc.GetHeaderHash(int(sr.Index) + 1)) if err != nil { err = fmt.Errorf("failed to get next header: %w", err) } else if h.PrevStateRoot != sr.Root { err = fmt.Errorf("local stateroot and next header's PrevStateRoot mismatch: %s vs %s", sr.Root.StringBE(), h.PrevStateRoot.StringBE()) } if err != nil { // Release goroutines, don't care about errors, we already have one. <-blockdone <-aerdone return err } } if bc.config.SaveStorageBatch { bc.lastBatch = d.GetBatch() } // Every persist cycle we also compact our in-memory MPT. It's flushed // already in AddMPTBatch, so collapsing it is safe. persistedHeight := atomic.LoadUint32(&bc.persistedHeight) if persistedHeight == block.Index-1 { // 10 is good and roughly estimated to fit remaining trie into 1M of memory. mpt.Collapse(10) } // Wait for _both_ goroutines to finish. blockerr := <-blockdone aererr := <-aerdone if blockerr != nil { return blockerr } if aererr != nil { return aererr } bc.lock.Lock() _, err = cache.Persist() if err != nil { bc.lock.Unlock() return err } mpt.Store = bc.dao.Store bc.stateRoot.UpdateCurrentLocal(mpt, sr) bc.topBlock.Store(block) atomic.StoreUint32(&bc.blockHeight, block.Index) bc.memPool.RemoveStale(func(tx *transaction.Transaction) bool { return bc.IsTxStillRelevant(tx, txpool, false) }, bc) for _, f := range bc.postBlock { f(bc, txpool, block) } if err := bc.updateExtensibleWhitelist(block.Index); err != nil { bc.lock.Unlock() return err } bc.lock.Unlock() updateBlockHeightMetric(block.Index) // Genesis block is stored when Blockchain is not yet running, so there // is no one to read this event. And it doesn't make much sense as event // anyway. if block.Index != 0 { bc.events <- bcEvent{block, appExecResults} } return nil } func (bc *Blockchain) updateExtensibleWhitelist(height uint32) error { updateCommittee := native.ShouldUpdateCommittee(height, bc) stateVals, sh, err := bc.contracts.Designate.GetDesignatedByRole(bc.dao, noderoles.StateValidator, height) if err != nil { return err } if bc.extensible.Load() != nil && !updateCommittee && sh != height { return nil } newList := []util.Uint160{bc.contracts.NEO.GetCommitteeAddress()} nextVals := bc.contracts.NEO.GetNextBlockValidatorsInternal() script, err := smartcontract.CreateDefaultMultiSigRedeemScript(nextVals) if err != nil { return err } newList = append(newList, hash.Hash160(script)) bc.updateExtensibleList(&newList, bc.contracts.NEO.GetNextBlockValidatorsInternal()) if len(stateVals) > 0 { h, err := bc.contracts.Designate.GetLastDesignatedHash(bc.dao, noderoles.StateValidator) if err != nil { return err } newList = append(newList, h) bc.updateExtensibleList(&newList, stateVals) } sort.Slice(newList, func(i, j int) bool { return newList[i].Less(newList[j]) }) bc.extensible.Store(newList) return nil } func (bc *Blockchain) updateExtensibleList(s *[]util.Uint160, pubs keys.PublicKeys) { for _, pub := range pubs { *s = append(*s, pub.GetScriptHash()) } } // IsExtensibleAllowed determines if script hash is allowed to send extensible payloads. func (bc *Blockchain) IsExtensibleAllowed(u util.Uint160) bool { us := bc.extensible.Load().([]util.Uint160) n := sort.Search(len(us), func(i int) bool { return !us[i].Less(u) }) return n < len(us) } func (bc *Blockchain) runPersist(script []byte, block *block.Block, cache dao.DAO, trig trigger.Type) (*state.AppExecResult, error) { systemInterop := bc.newInteropContext(trig, cache, block, nil) v := systemInterop.SpawnVM() v.LoadScriptWithFlags(script, callflag.All) v.SetPriceGetter(systemInterop.GetPrice) if err := v.Run(); err != nil { return nil, fmt.Errorf("VM has failed: %w", err) } else if _, err := systemInterop.DAO.Persist(); err != nil { return nil, fmt.Errorf("can't save changes: %w", err) } return &state.AppExecResult{ Container: block.Hash(), // application logs can be retrieved by block hash Execution: state.Execution{ Trigger: trig, VMState: v.State(), GasConsumed: v.GasConsumed(), Stack: v.Estack().ToArray(), Events: systemInterop.Notifications, }, }, nil } func (bc *Blockchain) handleNotification(note *state.NotificationEvent, d dao.DAO, transCache map[util.Uint160]transferData, b *block.Block, h util.Uint256) { if note.Name != "Transfer" { return } arr, ok := note.Item.Value().([]stackitem.Item) if !ok || len(arr) != 3 { return } from, err := parseUint160(arr[0]) if err != nil { return } to, err := parseUint160(arr[1]) if err != nil { return } amount, err := arr[2].TryInteger() if err != nil { return } bc.processNEP17Transfer(d, transCache, h, b, note.ScriptHash, from, to, amount) } func parseUint160(itm stackitem.Item) (util.Uint160, error) { _, ok := itm.(stackitem.Null) // Minting or burning. if ok { return util.Uint160{}, nil } bytes, err := itm.TryBytes() if err != nil { return util.Uint160{}, err } return util.Uint160DecodeBytesBE(bytes) } func (bc *Blockchain) processNEP17Transfer(cache dao.DAO, transCache map[util.Uint160]transferData, h util.Uint256, b *block.Block, sc util.Uint160, from util.Uint160, to util.Uint160, amount *big.Int) { var id int32 nativeContract := bc.contracts.ByHash(sc) if nativeContract != nil { id = nativeContract.Metadata().ID } else { assetContract, err := bc.contracts.Management.GetContract(cache, sc) if err != nil { return } id = assetContract.ID } transfer := &state.NEP17Transfer{ Asset: id, From: from, To: to, Block: b.Index, Timestamp: b.Timestamp, Tx: h, } if !from.Equals(util.Uint160{}) { _ = transfer.Amount.Neg(amount) // We already have the Int. if appendNEP17Transfer(cache, transCache, from, transfer) != nil { return } } if !to.Equals(util.Uint160{}) { _ = transfer.Amount.Set(amount) // We already have the Int. _ = appendNEP17Transfer(cache, transCache, to, transfer) // Nothing useful we can do. } } func appendNEP17Transfer(cache dao.DAO, transCache map[util.Uint160]transferData, addr util.Uint160, transfer *state.NEP17Transfer) error { transferData, ok := transCache[addr] if !ok { balances, err := cache.GetNEP17TransferInfo(addr) if err != nil { return err } if !balances.NewBatch { trLog, err := cache.GetNEP17TransferLog(addr, balances.NextTransferBatch) if err != nil { return err } transferData.Log = *trLog } transferData.Info = *balances } err := transferData.Log.Append(transfer) if err != nil { return err } transferData.Info.LastUpdated[transfer.Asset] = transfer.Block transferData.Info.NewBatch = transferData.Log.Size() >= state.NEP17TransferBatchSize if transferData.Info.NewBatch { err = cache.PutNEP17TransferLog(addr, transferData.Info.NextTransferBatch, &transferData.Log) if err != nil { return err } transferData.Info.NextTransferBatch++ transferData.Log = state.NEP17TransferLog{} } transCache[addr] = transferData return nil } // ForEachNEP17Transfer executes f for each nep17 transfer in log. func (bc *Blockchain) ForEachNEP17Transfer(acc util.Uint160, f func(*state.NEP17Transfer) (bool, error)) error { balances, err := bc.dao.GetNEP17TransferInfo(acc) if err != nil { return nil } for i := int(balances.NextTransferBatch); i >= 0; i-- { lg, err := bc.dao.GetNEP17TransferLog(acc, uint32(i)) if err != nil { return nil } cont, err := lg.ForEach(f) if err != nil { return err } if !cont { break } } return nil } // GetNEP17Contracts returns the list of deployed NEP17 contracts. func (bc *Blockchain) GetNEP17Contracts() []util.Uint160 { return bc.contracts.Management.GetNEP17Contracts() } // GetNEP17LastUpdated returns a set of contract ids with the corresponding last updated // block indexes. func (bc *Blockchain) GetNEP17LastUpdated(acc util.Uint160) (map[int32]uint32, error) { info, err := bc.dao.GetNEP17TransferInfo(acc) if err != nil { return nil, err } return info.LastUpdated, nil } // GetUtilityTokenBalance returns utility token (GAS) balance for the acc. func (bc *Blockchain) GetUtilityTokenBalance(acc util.Uint160) *big.Int { bs := bc.contracts.GAS.BalanceOf(bc.dao, acc) if bs == nil { return big.NewInt(0) } return bs } // GetGoverningTokenBalance returns governing token (NEO) balance and the height // of the last balance change for the account. func (bc *Blockchain) GetGoverningTokenBalance(acc util.Uint160) (*big.Int, uint32) { return bc.contracts.NEO.BalanceOf(bc.dao, acc) } // GetNotaryBalance returns Notary deposit amount for the specified account. func (bc *Blockchain) GetNotaryBalance(acc util.Uint160) *big.Int { return bc.contracts.Notary.BalanceOf(bc.dao, acc) } // GetNotaryContractScriptHash returns Notary native contract hash. func (bc *Blockchain) GetNotaryContractScriptHash() util.Uint160 { if bc.P2PSigExtensionsEnabled() { return bc.contracts.Notary.Hash } return util.Uint160{} } // GetNotaryDepositExpiration returns Notary deposit expiration height for the specified account. func (bc *Blockchain) GetNotaryDepositExpiration(acc util.Uint160) uint32 { return bc.contracts.Notary.ExpirationOf(bc.dao, acc) } // LastBatch returns last persisted storage batch. func (bc *Blockchain) LastBatch() *storage.MemBatch { return bc.lastBatch } // persist flushes current in-memory Store contents to the persistent storage. func (bc *Blockchain) persist() (time.Duration, error) { var ( start = time.Now() duration time.Duration persisted int err error ) persisted, err = bc.dao.Persist() if err != nil { return 0, err } if persisted > 0 { bHeight, err := bc.persistent.GetCurrentBlockHeight() if err != nil { return 0, err } oldHeight := atomic.SwapUint32(&bc.persistedHeight, bHeight) diff := bHeight - oldHeight storedHeaderHeight, _, err := bc.persistent.GetCurrentHeaderHeight() if err != nil { return 0, err } duration = time.Since(start) bc.log.Info("persisted to disk", zap.Uint32("blocks", diff), zap.Int("keys", persisted), zap.Uint32("headerHeight", storedHeaderHeight), zap.Uint32("blockHeight", bHeight), zap.Duration("took", duration)) // update monitoring metrics. updatePersistedHeightMetric(bHeight) } return duration, nil } // GetTransaction returns a TX and its height by the given hash. The height is MaxUint32 if tx is in the mempool. func (bc *Blockchain) GetTransaction(hash util.Uint256) (*transaction.Transaction, uint32, error) { if tx, ok := bc.memPool.TryGetValue(hash); ok { return tx, math.MaxUint32, nil // the height is not actually defined for memPool transaction. } return bc.dao.GetTransaction(hash) } // GetAppExecResults returns application execution results with the specified trigger by the given // tx hash or block hash. func (bc *Blockchain) GetAppExecResults(hash util.Uint256, trig trigger.Type) ([]state.AppExecResult, error) { return bc.dao.GetAppExecResults(hash, trig) } // GetStorageItem returns an item from storage. func (bc *Blockchain) GetStorageItem(id int32, key []byte) state.StorageItem { return bc.dao.GetStorageItem(id, key) } // GetStorageItems returns all storage items for a given contract id. func (bc *Blockchain) GetStorageItems(id int32) (map[string]state.StorageItem, error) { return bc.dao.GetStorageItems(id) } // GetBlock returns a Block by the given hash. func (bc *Blockchain) GetBlock(hash util.Uint256) (*block.Block, error) { topBlock := bc.topBlock.Load() if topBlock != nil { tb := topBlock.(*block.Block) if tb.Hash().Equals(hash) { return tb, nil } } block, err := bc.dao.GetBlock(hash) if err != nil { return nil, err } if !block.MerkleRoot.Equals(util.Uint256{}) && len(block.Transactions) == 0 { return nil, errors.New("only header is found") } for _, tx := range block.Transactions { stx, _, err := bc.dao.GetTransaction(tx.Hash()) if err != nil { return nil, err } *tx = *stx } return block, nil } // GetHeader returns data block header identified with the given hash value. func (bc *Blockchain) GetHeader(hash util.Uint256) (*block.Header, error) { topBlock := bc.topBlock.Load() if topBlock != nil { tb := topBlock.(*block.Block) if tb.Hash().Equals(hash) { return &tb.Header, nil } } block, err := bc.dao.GetBlock(hash) if err != nil { return nil, err } return &block.Header, nil } // HasTransaction returns true if the blockchain contains he given // transaction hash. func (bc *Blockchain) HasTransaction(hash util.Uint256) bool { if bc.memPool.ContainsKey(hash) { return true } return bc.dao.HasTransaction(hash) == dao.ErrAlreadyExists } // HasBlock returns true if the blockchain contains the given // block hash. func (bc *Blockchain) HasBlock(hash util.Uint256) bool { if header, err := bc.GetHeader(hash); err == nil { return header.Index <= bc.BlockHeight() } return false } // CurrentBlockHash returns the highest processed block hash. func (bc *Blockchain) CurrentBlockHash() util.Uint256 { topBlock := bc.topBlock.Load() if topBlock != nil { tb := topBlock.(*block.Block) return tb.Hash() } return bc.GetHeaderHash(int(bc.BlockHeight())) } // CurrentHeaderHash returns the hash of the latest known header. func (bc *Blockchain) CurrentHeaderHash() util.Uint256 { bc.headerHashesLock.RLock() hash := bc.headerHashes[len(bc.headerHashes)-1] bc.headerHashesLock.RUnlock() return hash } // GetHeaderHash returns hash of the header/block with specified index, if // Blockchain doesn't have a hash for this height, zero Uint256 value is returned. func (bc *Blockchain) GetHeaderHash(i int) util.Uint256 { bc.headerHashesLock.RLock() defer bc.headerHashesLock.RUnlock() hashesLen := len(bc.headerHashes) if hashesLen <= i { return util.Uint256{} } return bc.headerHashes[i] } // BlockHeight returns the height/index of the highest block. func (bc *Blockchain) BlockHeight() uint32 { return atomic.LoadUint32(&bc.blockHeight) } // HeaderHeight returns the index/height of the highest header. func (bc *Blockchain) HeaderHeight() uint32 { bc.headerHashesLock.RLock() n := len(bc.headerHashes) bc.headerHashesLock.RUnlock() return uint32(n - 1) } // GetContractState returns contract by its script hash. func (bc *Blockchain) GetContractState(hash util.Uint160) *state.Contract { contract, err := bc.contracts.Management.GetContract(bc.dao, hash) if contract == nil && err != storage.ErrKeyNotFound { bc.log.Warn("failed to get contract state", zap.Error(err)) } return contract } // GetContractScriptHash returns contract script hash by its ID. func (bc *Blockchain) GetContractScriptHash(id int32) (util.Uint160, error) { return bc.dao.GetContractScriptHash(id) } // GetNativeContractScriptHash returns native contract script hash by its name. func (bc *Blockchain) GetNativeContractScriptHash(name string) (util.Uint160, error) { c := bc.contracts.ByName(name) if c != nil { return c.Metadata().Hash, nil } return util.Uint160{}, errors.New("Unknown native contract") } // GetNatives returns list of native contracts. func (bc *Blockchain) GetNatives() []state.NativeContract { res := make([]state.NativeContract, 0, len(bc.contracts.Contracts)) for _, c := range bc.contracts.Contracts { res = append(res, c.Metadata().NativeContract) } return res } // GetConfig returns the config stored in the blockchain. func (bc *Blockchain) GetConfig() config.ProtocolConfiguration { return bc.config } // SubscribeForBlocks adds given channel to new block event broadcasting, so when // there is a new block added to the chain you'll receive it via this channel. // Make sure it's read from regularly as not reading these events might affect // other Blockchain functions. func (bc *Blockchain) SubscribeForBlocks(ch chan<- *block.Block) { bc.subCh <- ch } // SubscribeForTransactions adds given channel to new transaction event // broadcasting, so when there is a new transaction added to the chain (in a // block) you'll receive it via this channel. Make sure it's read from regularly // as not reading these events might affect other Blockchain functions. func (bc *Blockchain) SubscribeForTransactions(ch chan<- *transaction.Transaction) { bc.subCh <- ch } // SubscribeForNotifications adds given channel to new notifications event // broadcasting, so when an in-block transaction execution generates a // notification you'll receive it via this channel. Only notifications from // successful transactions are broadcasted, if you're interested in failed // transactions use SubscribeForExecutions instead. Make sure this channel is // read from regularly as not reading these events might affect other Blockchain // functions. func (bc *Blockchain) SubscribeForNotifications(ch chan<- *state.NotificationEvent) { bc.subCh <- ch } // SubscribeForExecutions adds given channel to new transaction execution event // broadcasting, so when an in-block transaction execution happens you'll receive // the result of it via this channel. Make sure it's read from regularly as not // reading these events might affect other Blockchain functions. func (bc *Blockchain) SubscribeForExecutions(ch chan<- *state.AppExecResult) { bc.subCh <- ch } // UnsubscribeFromBlocks unsubscribes given channel from new block notifications, // you can close it afterwards. Passing non-subscribed channel is a no-op. func (bc *Blockchain) UnsubscribeFromBlocks(ch chan<- *block.Block) { bc.unsubCh <- ch } // UnsubscribeFromTransactions unsubscribes given channel from new transaction // notifications, you can close it afterwards. Passing non-subscribed channel is // a no-op. func (bc *Blockchain) UnsubscribeFromTransactions(ch chan<- *transaction.Transaction) { bc.unsubCh <- ch } // UnsubscribeFromNotifications unsubscribes given channel from new // execution-generated notifications, you can close it afterwards. Passing // non-subscribed channel is a no-op. func (bc *Blockchain) UnsubscribeFromNotifications(ch chan<- *state.NotificationEvent) { bc.unsubCh <- ch } // UnsubscribeFromExecutions unsubscribes given channel from new execution // notifications, you can close it afterwards. Passing non-subscribed channel is // a no-op. func (bc *Blockchain) UnsubscribeFromExecutions(ch chan<- *state.AppExecResult) { bc.unsubCh <- ch } // CalculateClaimable calculates the amount of GAS generated by owning specified // amount of NEO between specified blocks. func (bc *Blockchain) CalculateClaimable(acc util.Uint160, endHeight uint32) (*big.Int, error) { return bc.contracts.NEO.CalculateBonus(bc.dao, acc, endHeight) } // FeePerByte returns transaction network fee per byte. func (bc *Blockchain) FeePerByte() int64 { return bc.contracts.Policy.GetFeePerByteInternal(bc.dao) } // GetMemPool returns the memory pool of the blockchain. func (bc *Blockchain) GetMemPool() *mempool.Pool { return bc.memPool } // ApplyPolicyToTxSet applies configured policies to given transaction set. It // expects slice to be ordered by fee and returns a subslice of it. func (bc *Blockchain) ApplyPolicyToTxSet(txes []*transaction.Transaction) []*transaction.Transaction { maxTx := bc.config.MaxTransactionsPerBlock if maxTx != 0 && len(txes) > int(maxTx) { txes = txes[:maxTx] } maxBlockSize := bc.config.MaxBlockSize maxBlockSysFee := bc.config.MaxBlockSystemFee defaultWitness := bc.defaultBlockWitness.Load() if defaultWitness == nil { m := smartcontract.GetDefaultHonestNodeCount(bc.config.ValidatorsCount) verification, _ := smartcontract.CreateDefaultMultiSigRedeemScript(bc.contracts.NEO.GetNextBlockValidatorsInternal()) defaultWitness = transaction.Witness{ InvocationScript: make([]byte, 66*m), VerificationScript: verification, } bc.defaultBlockWitness.Store(defaultWitness) } var ( b = &block.Block{Header: block.Header{Script: defaultWitness.(transaction.Witness)}} blockSize = uint32(b.GetExpectedBlockSizeWithoutTransactions(len(txes))) blockSysFee int64 ) for i, tx := range txes { blockSize += uint32(tx.Size()) blockSysFee += tx.SystemFee if blockSize > maxBlockSize || blockSysFee > maxBlockSysFee { txes = txes[:i] break } } return txes } // Various errors that could be returns upon header verification. var ( ErrHdrHashMismatch = errors.New("previous header hash doesn't match") ErrHdrIndexMismatch = errors.New("previous header index doesn't match") ErrHdrInvalidTimestamp = errors.New("block is not newer than the previous one") ErrHdrStateRootSetting = errors.New("state root setting mismatch") ErrHdrInvalidStateRoot = errors.New("state root for previous block is invalid") ) func (bc *Blockchain) verifyHeader(currHeader, prevHeader *block.Header) error { if bc.config.StateRootInHeader { if bc.stateRoot.CurrentLocalHeight() == prevHeader.Index { if sr := bc.stateRoot.CurrentLocalStateRoot(); currHeader.PrevStateRoot != sr { return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s != %s", ErrHdrInvalidStateRoot, currHeader.PrevStateRoot.StringLE(), sr.StringLE()) } } } if prevHeader.Hash() != currHeader.PrevHash { return ErrHdrHashMismatch } if prevHeader.Index+1 != currHeader.Index { return ErrHdrIndexMismatch } if prevHeader.Timestamp >= currHeader.Timestamp { return ErrHdrInvalidTimestamp } return bc.verifyHeaderWitnesses(currHeader, prevHeader) } // Various errors that could be returned upon verification. var ( ErrTxExpired = errors.New("transaction has expired") ErrInsufficientFunds = errors.New("insufficient funds") ErrTxSmallNetworkFee = errors.New("too small network fee") ErrTxTooBig = errors.New("too big transaction") ErrMemPoolConflict = errors.New("invalid transaction due to conflicts with the memory pool") ErrInvalidScript = errors.New("invalid script") ErrInvalidAttribute = errors.New("invalid attribute") ) // verifyAndPoolTx verifies whether a transaction is bonafide or not and tries // to add it to the mempool given. func (bc *Blockchain) verifyAndPoolTx(t *transaction.Transaction, pool *mempool.Pool, feer mempool.Feer, data ...interface{}) error { // This code can technically be moved out of here, because it doesn't // really require a chain lock. err := vm.IsScriptCorrect(t.Script, nil) if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", ErrInvalidScript, err) } height := bc.BlockHeight() isPartialTx := data != nil if t.ValidUntilBlock <= height || !isPartialTx && t.ValidUntilBlock > height+bc.config.MaxValidUntilBlockIncrement { return fmt.Errorf("%w: ValidUntilBlock = %d, current height = %d", ErrTxExpired, t.ValidUntilBlock, height) } // Policying. if err := bc.contracts.Policy.CheckPolicy(bc.dao, t); err != nil { // Only one %w can be used. return fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", ErrPolicy, err) } size := t.Size() if size > transaction.MaxTransactionSize { return fmt.Errorf("%w: (%d > MaxTransactionSize %d)", ErrTxTooBig, size, transaction.MaxTransactionSize) } needNetworkFee := int64(size) * bc.FeePerByte() if bc.P2PSigExtensionsEnabled() { attrs := t.GetAttributes(transaction.NotaryAssistedT) if len(attrs) != 0 { na := attrs[0].Value.(*transaction.NotaryAssisted) needNetworkFee += (int64(na.NKeys) + 1) * transaction.NotaryServiceFeePerKey } } netFee := t.NetworkFee - needNetworkFee if netFee < 0 { return fmt.Errorf("%w: net fee is %v, need %v", ErrTxSmallNetworkFee, t.NetworkFee, needNetworkFee) } // check that current tx wasn't included in the conflicts attributes of some other transaction which is already in the chain if err := bc.dao.HasTransaction(t.Hash()); err != nil { switch { case errors.Is(err, dao.ErrAlreadyExists): return fmt.Errorf("blockchain: %w", ErrAlreadyExists) case errors.Is(err, dao.ErrHasConflicts): return fmt.Errorf("blockchain: %w", ErrHasConflicts) default: return err } } err = bc.verifyTxWitnesses(t, nil, isPartialTx) if err != nil { return err } if err := bc.verifyTxAttributes(t, isPartialTx); err != nil { return err } err = pool.Add(t, feer, data...) if err != nil { switch { case errors.Is(err, mempool.ErrConflict): return ErrMemPoolConflict case errors.Is(err, mempool.ErrDup): return fmt.Errorf("mempool: %w", ErrAlreadyExists) case errors.Is(err, mempool.ErrInsufficientFunds): return ErrInsufficientFunds case errors.Is(err, mempool.ErrOOM): return ErrOOM case errors.Is(err, mempool.ErrConflictsAttribute): return fmt.Errorf("mempool: %w: %s", ErrHasConflicts, err) default: return err } } return nil } func (bc *Blockchain) verifyTxAttributes(tx *transaction.Transaction, isPartialTx bool) error { for i := range tx.Attributes { switch attrType := tx.Attributes[i].Type; attrType { case transaction.HighPriority: h := bc.contracts.NEO.GetCommitteeAddress() if !tx.HasSigner(h) { return fmt.Errorf("%w: high priority tx is not signed by committee", ErrInvalidAttribute) } case transaction.OracleResponseT: h, err := bc.contracts.Oracle.GetScriptHash(bc.dao) if err != nil || h.Equals(util.Uint160{}) { return fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", ErrInvalidAttribute, err) } hasOracle := false for i := range tx.Signers { if tx.Signers[i].Scopes != transaction.None { return fmt.Errorf("%w: oracle tx has invalid signer scope", ErrInvalidAttribute) } if tx.Signers[i].Account.Equals(h) { hasOracle = true } } if !hasOracle { return fmt.Errorf("%w: oracle tx is not signed by oracle nodes", ErrInvalidAttribute) } if !bytes.Equal(tx.Script, bc.contracts.Oracle.GetOracleResponseScript()) { return fmt.Errorf("%w: oracle tx has invalid script", ErrInvalidAttribute) } resp := tx.Attributes[i].Value.(*transaction.OracleResponse) req, err := bc.contracts.Oracle.GetRequestInternal(bc.dao, resp.ID) if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("%w: oracle tx points to invalid request: %v", ErrInvalidAttribute, err) } if uint64(tx.NetworkFee+tx.SystemFee) < req.GasForResponse { return fmt.Errorf("%w: oracle tx has insufficient gas", ErrInvalidAttribute) } case transaction.NotValidBeforeT: if !bc.config.P2PSigExtensions { return fmt.Errorf("%w: NotValidBefore attribute was found, but P2PSigExtensions are disabled", ErrInvalidAttribute) } nvb := tx.Attributes[i].Value.(*transaction.NotValidBefore).Height if isPartialTx { maxNVBDelta := bc.contracts.Notary.GetMaxNotValidBeforeDelta(bc.dao) if bc.BlockHeight()+maxNVBDelta < nvb { return fmt.Errorf("%w: partially-filled transaction should become valid not less then %d blocks after current chain's height %d", ErrInvalidAttribute, maxNVBDelta, bc.BlockHeight()) } if nvb+maxNVBDelta < tx.ValidUntilBlock { return fmt.Errorf("%w: partially-filled transaction should be valid during less than %d blocks", ErrInvalidAttribute, maxNVBDelta) } } else { if height := bc.BlockHeight(); height < nvb { return fmt.Errorf("%w: transaction is not yet valid: NotValidBefore = %d, current height = %d", ErrInvalidAttribute, nvb, height) } } case transaction.ConflictsT: if !bc.config.P2PSigExtensions { return fmt.Errorf("%w: Conflicts attribute was found, but P2PSigExtensions are disabled", ErrInvalidAttribute) } conflicts := tx.Attributes[i].Value.(*transaction.Conflicts) if err := bc.dao.HasTransaction(conflicts.Hash); errors.Is(err, dao.ErrAlreadyExists) { return fmt.Errorf("%w: conflicting transaction %s is already on chain", ErrInvalidAttribute, conflicts.Hash.StringLE()) } case transaction.NotaryAssistedT: if !bc.config.P2PSigExtensions { return fmt.Errorf("%w: NotaryAssisted attribute was found, but P2PSigExtensions are disabled", ErrInvalidAttribute) } if !tx.HasSigner(bc.contracts.Notary.Hash) { return fmt.Errorf("%w: NotaryAssisted attribute was found, but transaction is not signed by the Notary native contract", ErrInvalidAttribute) } default: if !bc.config.ReservedAttributes && attrType >= transaction.ReservedLowerBound && attrType <= transaction.ReservedUpperBound { return fmt.Errorf("%w: attribute of reserved type was found, but ReservedAttributes are disabled", ErrInvalidAttribute) } } } return nil } // IsTxStillRelevant is a callback for mempool transaction filtering after the // new block addition. It returns false for transactions added by the new block // (passed via txpool) and does witness reverification for non-standard // contracts. It operates under the assumption that full transaction verification // was already done so we don't need to check basic things like size, input/output // correctness, presence in blocks before the new one, etc. func (bc *Blockchain) IsTxStillRelevant(t *transaction.Transaction, txpool *mempool.Pool, isPartialTx bool) bool { var recheckWitness bool var curheight = bc.BlockHeight() if t.ValidUntilBlock <= curheight { return false } if txpool == nil { if bc.dao.HasTransaction(t.Hash()) != nil { return false } } else if txpool.HasConflicts(t, bc) { return false } if err := bc.verifyTxAttributes(t, isPartialTx); err != nil { return false } for i := range t.Scripts { if !vm.IsStandardContract(t.Scripts[i].VerificationScript) { recheckWitness = true break } } if recheckWitness { return bc.verifyTxWitnesses(t, nil, isPartialTx) == nil } return true } // VerifyTx verifies whether transaction is bonafide or not relative to the // current blockchain state. Note that this verification is completely isolated // from the main node's mempool. func (bc *Blockchain) VerifyTx(t *transaction.Transaction) error { var mp = mempool.New(1, 0, false) bc.lock.RLock() defer bc.lock.RUnlock() return bc.verifyAndPoolTx(t, mp, bc) } // PoolTx verifies and tries to add given transaction into the mempool. If not // given, the default mempool is used. Passing multiple pools is not supported. func (bc *Blockchain) PoolTx(t *transaction.Transaction, pools ...*mempool.Pool) error { var pool = bc.memPool bc.lock.RLock() defer bc.lock.RUnlock() // Programmer error. if len(pools) > 1 { panic("too many pools given") } if len(pools) == 1 { pool = pools[0] } return bc.verifyAndPoolTx(t, pool, bc) } // PoolTxWithData verifies and tries to add given transaction with additional data into the mempool. func (bc *Blockchain) PoolTxWithData(t *transaction.Transaction, data interface{}, mp *mempool.Pool, feer mempool.Feer, verificationFunction func(bc blockchainer.Blockchainer, tx *transaction.Transaction, data interface{}) error) error { bc.lock.RLock() defer bc.lock.RUnlock() if verificationFunction != nil { err := verificationFunction(bc, t, data) if err != nil { return err } } return bc.verifyAndPoolTx(t, mp, feer, data) } //GetStandByValidators returns validators from the configuration. func (bc *Blockchain) GetStandByValidators() keys.PublicKeys { return bc.sbCommittee[:bc.config.ValidatorsCount].Copy() } // GetStandByCommittee returns standby committee from the configuration. func (bc *Blockchain) GetStandByCommittee() keys.PublicKeys { return bc.sbCommittee.Copy() } // GetCommittee returns the sorted list of public keys of nodes in committee. func (bc *Blockchain) GetCommittee() (keys.PublicKeys, error) { pubs := bc.contracts.NEO.GetCommitteeMembers() sort.Sort(pubs) return pubs, nil } // GetValidators returns current validators. func (bc *Blockchain) GetValidators() ([]*keys.PublicKey, error) { return bc.contracts.NEO.ComputeNextBlockValidators(bc, bc.dao) } // GetNextBlockValidators returns next block validators. func (bc *Blockchain) GetNextBlockValidators() ([]*keys.PublicKey, error) { return bc.contracts.NEO.GetNextBlockValidatorsInternal(), nil } // GetEnrollments returns all registered validators. func (bc *Blockchain) GetEnrollments() ([]state.Validator, error) { return bc.contracts.NEO.GetCandidates(bc.dao) } // GetTestVM returns a VM and a Store setup for a test run of some sort of code. func (bc *Blockchain) GetTestVM(t trigger.Type, tx *transaction.Transaction, b *block.Block) *vm.VM { d := bc.dao.GetWrapped().(*dao.Simple) systemInterop := bc.newInteropContext(t, d, b, tx) vm := systemInterop.SpawnVM() vm.SetPriceGetter(systemInterop.GetPrice) vm.LoadToken = contract.LoadToken(systemInterop) return vm } // Various witness verification errors. var ( ErrWitnessHashMismatch = errors.New("witness hash mismatch") ErrNativeContractWitness = errors.New("native contract witness must have empty verification script") ErrVerificationFailed = errors.New("signature check failed") ErrInvalidInvocation = errors.New("invalid invocation script") ErrInvalidSignature = fmt.Errorf("%w: invalid signature", ErrVerificationFailed) ErrInvalidVerification = errors.New("invalid verification script") ErrUnknownVerificationContract = errors.New("unknown verification contract") ErrInvalidVerificationContract = errors.New("verification contract is missing `verify` method") ) // InitVerificationVM initializes VM for witness check. func (bc *Blockchain) InitVerificationVM(v *vm.VM, getContract func(util.Uint160) (*state.Contract, error), hash util.Uint160, witness *transaction.Witness) error { if len(witness.VerificationScript) != 0 { if witness.ScriptHash() != hash { return ErrWitnessHashMismatch } if bc.contracts.ByHash(hash) != nil { return ErrNativeContractWitness } err := vm.IsScriptCorrect(witness.VerificationScript, nil) if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", ErrInvalidVerification, err) } v.LoadScriptWithHash(witness.VerificationScript, hash, callflag.ReadOnly) } else { cs, err := getContract(hash) if err != nil { return ErrUnknownVerificationContract } md := cs.Manifest.ABI.GetMethod(manifest.MethodVerify, -1) if md == nil || md.ReturnType != smartcontract.BoolType { return ErrInvalidVerificationContract } initMD := cs.Manifest.ABI.GetMethod(manifest.MethodInit, 0) v.LoadScriptWithHash(cs.NEF.Script, hash, callflag.ReadOnly) v.Context().NEF = &cs.NEF v.Jump(v.Context(), md.Offset) if initMD != nil { v.Call(v.Context(), initMD.Offset) } } if len(witness.InvocationScript) != 0 { err := vm.IsScriptCorrect(witness.InvocationScript, nil) if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", ErrInvalidInvocation, err) } v.LoadScript(witness.InvocationScript) } return nil } // VerifyWitness checks that w is a correct witness for c signed by h. func (bc *Blockchain) VerifyWitness(h util.Uint160, c hash.Hashable, w *transaction.Witness, gas int64) error { ic := bc.newInteropContext(trigger.Verification, bc.dao, nil, nil) ic.Container = c _, err := bc.verifyHashAgainstScript(h, w, ic, gas) return err } // verifyHashAgainstScript verifies given hash against the given witness and returns the amount of GAS consumed. func (bc *Blockchain) verifyHashAgainstScript(hash util.Uint160, witness *transaction.Witness, interopCtx *interop.Context, gas int64) (int64, error) { gasPolicy := bc.contracts.Policy.GetMaxVerificationGas(interopCtx.DAO) if gas > gasPolicy { gas = gasPolicy } vm := interopCtx.SpawnVM() vm.SetPriceGetter(interopCtx.GetPrice) vm.LoadToken = contract.LoadToken(interopCtx) vm.GasLimit = gas if err := bc.InitVerificationVM(vm, interopCtx.GetContract, hash, witness); err != nil { return 0, err } err := vm.Run() if vm.HasFailed() { return 0, fmt.Errorf("%w: vm execution has failed: %v", ErrVerificationFailed, err) } resEl := vm.Estack().Pop() if resEl != nil { res, err := resEl.Item().TryBool() if err != nil { return 0, fmt.Errorf("%w: invalid return value", ErrVerificationFailed) } if vm.Estack().Len() != 0 { return 0, fmt.Errorf("%w: expected exactly one returned value", ErrVerificationFailed) } if !res { return vm.GasConsumed(), ErrInvalidSignature } } else { return 0, fmt.Errorf("%w: no result returned from the script", ErrVerificationFailed) } return vm.GasConsumed(), nil } // verifyTxWitnesses verifies the scripts (witnesses) that come with a given // transaction. It can reorder them by ScriptHash, because that's required to // match a slice of script hashes from the Blockchain. Block parameter // is used for easy interop access and can be omitted for transactions that are // not yet added into any block. // Golang implementation of VerifyWitnesses method in C# (https://github.com/neo-project/neo/blob/master/neo/SmartContract/Helper.cs#L87). func (bc *Blockchain) verifyTxWitnesses(t *transaction.Transaction, block *block.Block, isPartialTx bool) error { interopCtx := bc.newInteropContext(trigger.Verification, bc.dao, block, t) gasLimit := t.NetworkFee - int64(t.Size())*bc.FeePerByte() if bc.P2PSigExtensionsEnabled() { attrs := t.GetAttributes(transaction.NotaryAssistedT) if len(attrs) != 0 { na := attrs[0].Value.(*transaction.NotaryAssisted) gasLimit -= (int64(na.NKeys) + 1) * transaction.NotaryServiceFeePerKey } } for i := range t.Signers { gasConsumed, err := bc.verifyHashAgainstScript(t.Signers[i].Account, &t.Scripts[i], interopCtx, gasLimit) if err != nil && !(i == 0 && isPartialTx && errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidSignature)) { // it's OK for partially-filled transaction with dummy first witness. return fmt.Errorf("witness #%d: %w", i, err) } gasLimit -= gasConsumed } return nil } // verifyHeaderWitnesses is a block-specific implementation of VerifyWitnesses logic. func (bc *Blockchain) verifyHeaderWitnesses(currHeader, prevHeader *block.Header) error { var hash util.Uint160 if prevHeader == nil && currHeader.PrevHash.Equals(util.Uint256{}) { hash = currHeader.Script.ScriptHash() } else { hash = prevHeader.NextConsensus } return bc.VerifyWitness(hash, currHeader, &currHeader.Script, HeaderVerificationGasLimit) } // GoverningTokenHash returns the governing token (NEO) native contract hash. func (bc *Blockchain) GoverningTokenHash() util.Uint160 { return bc.contracts.NEO.Hash } // UtilityTokenHash returns the utility token (GAS) native contract hash. func (bc *Blockchain) UtilityTokenHash() util.Uint160 { return bc.contracts.GAS.Hash } // ManagementContractHash returns management contract's hash. func (bc *Blockchain) ManagementContractHash() util.Uint160 { return bc.contracts.Management.Hash } func hashAndIndexToBytes(h util.Uint256, index uint32) []byte { buf := io.NewBufBinWriter() buf.WriteBytes(h.BytesLE()) buf.WriteU32LE(index) return buf.Bytes() } func (bc *Blockchain) newInteropContext(trigger trigger.Type, d dao.DAO, block *block.Block, tx *transaction.Transaction) *interop.Context { ic := interop.NewContext(trigger, bc, d, bc.contracts.Management.GetContract, bc.contracts.Contracts, block, tx, bc.log) ic.Functions = systemInterops switch { case tx != nil: ic.Container = tx case block != nil: ic.Container = block } ic.InitNonceData() return ic } // P2PSigExtensionsEnabled defines whether P2P signature extensions are enabled. func (bc *Blockchain) P2PSigExtensionsEnabled() bool { return bc.config.P2PSigExtensions } // RegisterPostBlock appends provided function to the list of functions which should be run after new block // is stored. func (bc *Blockchain) RegisterPostBlock(f func(blockchainer.Blockchainer, *mempool.Pool, *block.Block)) { bc.postBlock = append(bc.postBlock, f) } // -- start Policer. // GetPolicer provides access to policy values via Policer interface. func (bc *Blockchain) GetPolicer() blockchainer.Policer { return bc } // GetBaseExecFee return execution price for `NOP`. func (bc *Blockchain) GetBaseExecFee() int64 { return bc.contracts.Policy.GetExecFeeFactorInternal(bc.dao) } // GetMaxVerificationGAS returns maximum verification GAS Policy limit. func (bc *Blockchain) GetMaxVerificationGAS() int64 { return bc.contracts.Policy.GetMaxVerificationGas(bc.dao) } // GetStoragePrice returns current storage price. func (bc *Blockchain) GetStoragePrice() int64 { if bc.BlockHeight() == 0 { return native.DefaultStoragePrice } return bc.contracts.Policy.GetStoragePriceInternal(bc.dao) } // -- end Policer.