diff --git a/reference/normalize_test.go b/reference/normalize_test.go
index 827366fe..22803672 100644
--- a/reference/normalize_test.go
+++ b/reference/normalize_test.go
@@ -261,35 +261,41 @@ func TestParseRepositoryInfo(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	for _, tcase := range tcases {
-		refStrings := []string{tcase.FamiliarName, tcase.FullName}
-		if tcase.AmbiguousName != "" {
-			refStrings = append(refStrings, tcase.AmbiguousName)
+	for i, tc := range tcases {
+		tc := tc
+		refStrings := []string{tc.FamiliarName, tc.FullName}
+		if tc.AmbiguousName != "" {
+			refStrings = append(refStrings, tc.AmbiguousName)
 		}
 
-		var refs []Named
 		for _, r := range refStrings {
-			named, err := ParseNormalizedNamed(r)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatal(err)
-			}
-			refs = append(refs, named)
-		}
-
-		for _, r := range refs {
-			if expected, actual := tcase.FamiliarName, FamiliarName(r); expected != actual {
-				t.Fatalf("Invalid normalized reference for %q. Expected %q, got %q", r, expected, actual)
-			}
-			if expected, actual := tcase.FullName, r.String(); expected != actual {
-				t.Fatalf("Invalid canonical reference for %q. Expected %q, got %q", r, expected, actual)
-			}
-			if expected, actual := tcase.Domain, Domain(r); expected != actual {
-				t.Fatalf("Invalid domain for %q. Expected %q, got %q", r, expected, actual)
-			}
-			if expected, actual := tcase.RemoteName, Path(r); expected != actual {
-				t.Fatalf("Invalid remoteName for %q. Expected %q, got %q", r, expected, actual)
-			}
-
+			t.Run(strconv.Itoa(i)+"/"+r, func(t *testing.T) {
+				t.Parallel()
+				named, err := ParseNormalizedNamed(r)
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("ref=%s: %v", r, err)
+				}
+				t.Run("FamiliarName", func(t *testing.T) {
+					if expected, actual := tc.FamiliarName, FamiliarName(named); expected != actual {
+						t.Errorf("Invalid familiar name for %q. Expected %q, got %q", named, expected, actual)
+					}
+				})
+				t.Run("FullName", func(t *testing.T) {
+					if expected, actual := tc.FullName, named.String(); expected != actual {
+						t.Errorf("Invalid canonical reference for %q. Expected %q, got %q", named, expected, actual)
+					}
+				})
+				t.Run("Domain", func(t *testing.T) {
+					if expected, actual := tc.Domain, Domain(named); expected != actual {
+						t.Errorf("Invalid domain for %q. Expected %q, got %q", named, expected, actual)
+					}
+				})
+				t.Run("RemoteName", func(t *testing.T) {
+					if expected, actual := tc.RemoteName, Path(named); expected != actual {
+						t.Errorf("Invalid remoteName for %q. Expected %q, got %q", named, expected, actual)
+					}
+				})
+			})
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -677,6 +683,7 @@ func TestParseDockerRef(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, test := range testcases {
+		test := test
 		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()
 			normalized, err := ParseDockerRef(test.input)
diff --git a/reference/regexp_bench_test.go b/reference/regexp_bench_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..12cb6077
--- /dev/null
+++ b/reference/regexp_bench_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+package reference
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func BenchmarkParse(b *testing.B) {
+	tests := []regexpMatch{
+		{
+			input: "",
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "short",
+			match: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "simple/name",
+			match: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "library/ubuntu",
+			match: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "docker/stevvooe/app",
+			match: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "aa/aa/aa/aa/aa/aa/aa/aa/aa/bb/bb/bb/bb/bb/bb",
+			match: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "aa/aa/bb/bb/bb",
+			match: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "a/a/a/a",
+			match: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "a/a/a/a/",
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "a//a/a",
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "a",
+			match: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "a/aa",
+			match: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "a/aa/a",
+			match: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "foo.com",
+			match: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "foo.com/",
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "foo.com:8080/bar",
+			match: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "foo.com:http/bar",
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "foo.com/bar",
+			match: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "foo.com/bar/baz",
+			match: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "localhost:8080/bar",
+			match: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "sub-dom1.foo.com/bar/baz/quux",
+			match: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "blog.foo.com/bar/baz",
+			match: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "a^a",
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "aa/asdf$$^/aa",
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "asdf$$^/aa",
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "aa-a/a",
+			match: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: strings.Repeat("a/", 128) + "a",
+			match: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "a-/a/a/a",
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "foo.com/a-/a/a",
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "-foo/bar",
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "foo/bar-",
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "foo-/bar",
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "foo/-bar",
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "_foo/bar",
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "foo_bar",
+			match: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "foo_bar.com",
+			match: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "foo_bar.com:8080",
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "foo_bar.com:8080/app",
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "foo.com/foo_bar",
+			match: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "____/____",
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "_docker/_docker",
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "docker_/docker_",
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "b.gcr.io/test.example.com/my-app",
+			match: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "xn--n3h.com/myimage", // ☃.com in punycode
+			match: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "xn--7o8h.com/myimage", // 🐳.com in punycode
+			match: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "example.com/xn--7o8h.com/myimage", // 🐳.com in punycode
+			match: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "example.com/some_separator__underscore/myimage",
+			match: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "example.com/__underscore/myimage",
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "example.com/..dots/myimage",
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "example.com/.dots/myimage",
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "example.com/nodouble..dots/myimage",
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "example.com/nodouble..dots/myimage",
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "docker./docker",
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: ".docker/docker",
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "docker-/docker",
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "-docker/docker",
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "do..cker/docker",
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "do__cker:8080/docker",
+			match: false,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "do__cker/docker",
+			match: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "b.gcr.io/test.example.com/my-app",
+			match: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "registry.io/foo/project--id.module--name.ver---sion--name",
+			match: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "Asdf.com/foo/bar", // uppercase character in hostname
+			match: true,
+		},
+		{
+			input: "Foo/FarB", // uppercase characters in remote name
+			match: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		for _, tc := range tests {
+			_, _ = Parse(tc.input)
+		}
+	}
+}