diff --git a/registry/root.go b/registry/root.go
index 49d10946..51c8c7ff 100644
--- a/registry/root.go
+++ b/registry/root.go
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/registry/storage"
 	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/registry/storage/driver/factory"
 	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/version"
-	"github.com/docker/libtrust"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
@@ -67,13 +66,7 @@ var GCCmd = &cobra.Command{
 			os.Exit(1)
 		}
 
-		k, err := libtrust.GenerateECP256PrivateKey()
-		if err != nil {
-			fmt.Fprint(os.Stderr, err)
-			os.Exit(1)
-		}
-
-		registry, err := storage.NewRegistry(ctx, driver, storage.Schema1SigningKey(k))
+		registry, err := storage.NewRegistry(ctx, driver)
 		if err != nil {
 			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "failed to construct registry: %v", err)
 			os.Exit(1)
diff --git a/registry/storage/catalog_test.go b/registry/storage/catalog_test.go
index 14ba4e83..0e3e0361 100644
--- a/registry/storage/catalog_test.go
+++ b/registry/storage/catalog_test.go
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ type setupEnv struct {
 func setupFS(t *testing.T) *setupEnv {
 	d := inmemory.New()
 	ctx := context.Background()
-	registry, err := NewRegistry(ctx, d, BlobDescriptorCacheProvider(memory.NewInMemoryBlobDescriptorCacheProvider(memory.UnlimitedSize)), EnableRedirect, EnableSchema1)
+	registry, err := NewRegistry(ctx, d, BlobDescriptorCacheProvider(memory.NewInMemoryBlobDescriptorCacheProvider(memory.UnlimitedSize)), EnableRedirect)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("error creating registry: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -81,19 +81,18 @@ func makeRepo(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, name string, reg distribution.N
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
+	// upload the layers
 	err = testutil.UploadBlobs(repo, layers)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to upload layers: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	getKeys := func(digests map[digest.Digest]io.ReadSeeker) (ds []digest.Digest) {
-		for d := range digests {
-			ds = append(ds, d)
-		}
-		return
+	digests := []digest.Digest{}
+	for digest := range layers {
+		digests = append(digests, digest)
 	}
 
-	manifest, err := testutil.MakeSchema1Manifest(getKeys(layers)) //nolint:staticcheck // Ignore SA1019: "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" is deprecated, as it's used for backward compatibility.
+	manifest, err := testutil.MakeSchema2Manifest(repo, digests)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -206,7 +205,7 @@ func testEq(a, b []string, size int) bool {
 func setupBadWalkEnv(t *testing.T) *setupEnv {
 	d := newBadListDriver()
 	ctx := context.Background()
-	registry, err := NewRegistry(ctx, d, BlobDescriptorCacheProvider(memory.NewInMemoryBlobDescriptorCacheProvider(memory.UnlimitedSize)), EnableRedirect, EnableSchema1)
+	registry, err := NewRegistry(ctx, d, BlobDescriptorCacheProvider(memory.NewInMemoryBlobDescriptorCacheProvider(memory.UnlimitedSize)), EnableRedirect)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("error creating registry: %v", err)
 	}
diff --git a/registry/storage/garbagecollect_test.go b/registry/storage/garbagecollect_test.go
index bdbf9ab2..35e6cd71 100644
--- a/registry/storage/garbagecollect_test.go
+++ b/registry/storage/garbagecollect_test.go
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/registry/storage/driver"
 	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/registry/storage/driver/inmemory"
 	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/testutil"
-	"github.com/docker/libtrust"
 	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
 )
 
@@ -23,11 +22,7 @@ type image struct {
 
 func createRegistry(t *testing.T, driver driver.StorageDriver, options ...RegistryOption) distribution.Namespace {
 	ctx := context.Background()
-	k, err := libtrust.GenerateECP256PrivateKey()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	options = append([]RegistryOption{EnableDelete, Schema1SigningKey(k), EnableSchema1}, options...)
+	options = append(options, EnableDelete)
 	registry, err := NewRegistry(ctx, driver, options...)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to construct namespace")
@@ -110,30 +105,6 @@ func uploadImage(t *testing.T, repository distribution.Repository, im image) dig
 	return manifestDigest
 }
 
-func uploadRandomSchema1Image(t *testing.T, repository distribution.Repository) image {
-	randomLayers, err := testutil.CreateRandomLayers(2)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("%v", err)
-	}
-
-	digests := []digest.Digest{}
-	for digest := range randomLayers {
-		digests = append(digests, digest)
-	}
-
-	manifest, err := testutil.MakeSchema1Manifest(digests) //nolint:staticcheck // Ignore SA1019: "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" is deprecated, as it's used for backward compatibility.
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("%v", err)
-	}
-
-	manifestDigest := uploadImage(t, repository, image{manifest: manifest, layers: randomLayers})
-	return image{
-		manifest:       manifest,
-		manifestDigest: manifestDigest,
-		layers:         randomLayers,
-	}
-}
-
 func uploadRandomSchema2Image(t *testing.T, repository distribution.Repository) image {
 	randomLayers, err := testutil.CreateRandomLayers(2)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -166,8 +137,8 @@ func TestNoDeletionNoEffect(t *testing.T) {
 	repo := makeRepository(t, registry, "palailogos")
 	manifestService, _ := repo.Manifests(ctx)
 
-	image1 := uploadRandomSchema1Image(t, repo)
-	image2 := uploadRandomSchema1Image(t, repo)
+	image1 := uploadRandomSchema2Image(t, repo)
+	image2 := uploadRandomSchema2Image(t, repo)
 	uploadRandomSchema2Image(t, repo)
 
 	// construct manifestlist for fun.
@@ -215,11 +186,21 @@ func TestDeleteManifestIfTagNotFound(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to make layers: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	digests1 := []digest.Digest{}
+	for digest := range randomLayers1 {
+		digests1 = append(digests1, digest)
+	}
+
 	randomLayers2, err := testutil.CreateRandomLayers(3)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to make layers: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	digests2 := []digest.Digest{}
+	for digest := range randomLayers2 {
+		digests2 = append(digests2, digest)
+	}
+
 	// Upload all layers
 	err = testutil.UploadBlobs(repo, randomLayers1)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -232,12 +213,12 @@ func TestDeleteManifestIfTagNotFound(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Construct manifests
-	manifest1, err := testutil.MakeSchema1Manifest(getKeys(randomLayers1)) //nolint:staticcheck // Ignore SA1019: "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" is deprecated, as it's used for backward compatibility.
+	manifest1, err := testutil.MakeSchema2Manifest(repo, digests1)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to make manifest: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	manifest2, err := testutil.MakeSchema1Manifest(getKeys(randomLayers2)) //nolint:staticcheck // Ignore SA1019: "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" is deprecated, as it's used for backward compatibility.
+	manifest2, err := testutil.MakeSchema2Manifest(repo, digests2)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to make manifest: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -303,7 +284,7 @@ func TestGCWithMissingManifests(t *testing.T) {
 
 	registry := createRegistry(t, d)
 	repo := makeRepository(t, registry, "testrepo")
-	uploadRandomSchema1Image(t, repo)
+	uploadRandomSchema2Image(t, repo)
 
 	// Simulate a missing _manifests directory
 	revPath, err := pathFor(manifestRevisionsPathSpec{"testrepo"})
@@ -339,8 +320,8 @@ func TestDeletionHasEffect(t *testing.T) {
 	repo := makeRepository(t, registry, "komnenos")
 	manifests, _ := repo.Manifests(ctx)
 
-	image1 := uploadRandomSchema1Image(t, repo)
-	image2 := uploadRandomSchema1Image(t, repo)
+	image1 := uploadRandomSchema2Image(t, repo)
+	image2 := uploadRandomSchema2Image(t, repo)
 	image3 := uploadRandomSchema2Image(t, repo)
 
 	manifests.Delete(ctx, image2.manifestDigest)
@@ -389,13 +370,6 @@ func getAnyKey(digests map[digest.Digest]io.ReadSeeker) (d digest.Digest) {
 	return
 }
 
-func getKeys(digests map[digest.Digest]io.ReadSeeker) (ds []digest.Digest) {
-	for d := range digests {
-		ds = append(ds, d)
-	}
-	return
-}
-
 func TestDeletionWithSharedLayer(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	inmemoryDriver := inmemory.New()
@@ -409,11 +383,21 @@ func TestDeletionWithSharedLayer(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to make layers: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	digests1 := []digest.Digest{}
+	for digest := range randomLayers1 {
+		digests1 = append(digests1, digest)
+	}
+
 	randomLayers2, err := testutil.CreateRandomLayers(3)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to make layers: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	digests2 := []digest.Digest{}
+	for digest := range randomLayers2 {
+		digests2 = append(digests2, digest)
+	}
+
 	// Upload all layers
 	err = testutil.UploadBlobs(repo, randomLayers1)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -426,13 +410,13 @@ func TestDeletionWithSharedLayer(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Construct manifests
-	manifest1, err := testutil.MakeSchema1Manifest(getKeys(randomLayers1)) //nolint:staticcheck // Ignore SA1019: "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" is deprecated, as it's used for backward compatibility.
+	manifest1, err := testutil.MakeSchema2Manifest(repo, digests1)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to make manifest: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	sharedKey := getAnyKey(randomLayers1)
-	manifest2, err := testutil.MakeSchema2Manifest(repo, append(getKeys(randomLayers2), sharedKey))
+	manifest2, err := testutil.MakeSchema2Manifest(repo, append(digests2, sharedKey))
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to make manifest: %v", err)
 	}
diff --git a/registry/storage/manifeststore.go b/registry/storage/manifeststore.go
index 1d55a080..37c86495 100644
--- a/registry/storage/manifeststore.go
+++ b/registry/storage/manifeststore.go
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest"
 	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/manifestlist"
 	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/ocischema"
-	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" //nolint:staticcheck // Ignore SA1019: "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" is deprecated, as it's used for backward compatibility.
 	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema2"
 	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
 	v1 "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
@@ -48,7 +47,6 @@ type manifestStore struct {
 
 	skipDependencyVerification bool
 
-	schema1Handler        ManifestHandler
 	schema2Handler        ManifestHandler
 	manifestListHandler   ManifestHandler
 	ocischemaHandler      ManifestHandler
@@ -96,8 +94,6 @@ func (ms *manifestStore) Get(ctx context.Context, dgst digest.Digest, options ..
 	}
 
 	switch versioned.SchemaVersion {
-	case 1:
-		return ms.schema1Handler.Unmarshal(ctx, dgst, content)
 	case 2:
 		// This can be an image manifest or a manifest list
 		switch versioned.MediaType {
@@ -133,8 +129,6 @@ func (ms *manifestStore) Put(ctx context.Context, manifest distribution.Manifest
 	dcontext.GetLogger(ms.ctx).Debug("(*manifestStore).Put")
 
 	switch manifest.(type) {
-	case *schema1.SignedManifest: //nolint:staticcheck // Ignore SA1019: "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" is deprecated, as it's used for backward compatibility.
-		return ms.schema1Handler.Put(ctx, manifest, ms.skipDependencyVerification)
 	case *schema2.DeserializedManifest:
 		return ms.schema2Handler.Put(ctx, manifest, ms.skipDependencyVerification)
 	case *ocischema.DeserializedManifest:
diff --git a/registry/storage/manifeststore_test.go b/registry/storage/manifeststore_test.go
index d40315a9..54e19913 100644
--- a/registry/storage/manifeststore_test.go
+++ b/registry/storage/manifeststore_test.go
@@ -11,13 +11,12 @@ import (
 	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3"
 	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest"
 	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/ocischema"
-	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" //nolint:staticcheck // Ignore SA1019: "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" is deprecated, as it's used for backward compatibility.
+	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema2"
 	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/reference"
 	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/registry/storage/cache/memory"
 	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/registry/storage/driver"
 	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/registry/storage/driver/inmemory"
 	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/testutil"
-	"github.com/docker/libtrust"
 	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
 	v1 "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
 )
@@ -55,22 +54,10 @@ func newManifestStoreTestEnv(t *testing.T, name reference.Named, tag string, opt
 }
 
 func TestManifestStorage(t *testing.T) {
-	k, err := libtrust.GenerateECP256PrivateKey()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	testManifestStorage(t, true, BlobDescriptorCacheProvider(memory.NewInMemoryBlobDescriptorCacheProvider(memory.UnlimitedSize)), EnableDelete, EnableRedirect, Schema1SigningKey(k), EnableSchema1)
+	testManifestStorage(t, BlobDescriptorCacheProvider(memory.NewInMemoryBlobDescriptorCacheProvider(memory.UnlimitedSize)), EnableDelete, EnableRedirect)
 }
 
-func TestManifestStorageV1Unsupported(t *testing.T) {
-	k, err := libtrust.GenerateECP256PrivateKey()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	testManifestStorage(t, false, BlobDescriptorCacheProvider(memory.NewInMemoryBlobDescriptorCacheProvider(memory.UnlimitedSize)), EnableDelete, EnableRedirect, Schema1SigningKey(k))
-}
-
-func testManifestStorage(t *testing.T, schema1Enabled bool, options ...RegistryOption) {
+func testManifestStorage(t *testing.T, options ...RegistryOption) {
 	repoName, _ := reference.WithName("foo/bar")
 	env := newManifestStoreTestEnv(t, repoName, "thetag", options...)
 	ctx := context.Background()
@@ -79,13 +66,59 @@ func testManifestStorage(t *testing.T, schema1Enabled bool, options ...RegistryO
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
-	m := schema1.Manifest{ //nolint:staticcheck // Ignore SA1019: "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" is deprecated, as it's used for backward compatibility.
-		Versioned: manifest.Versioned{
-			SchemaVersion: 1,
-		},
-		Name: env.name.Name(),
-		Tag:  env.tag,
+	// Push a config, and reference it in the manifest
+	sampleConfig := []byte(`{
+		"architecture": "amd64",
+		"history": [
+		  {
+		    "created": "2015-10-31T22:22:54.690851953Z",
+		    "created_by": "/bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:a3bc1e842b69636f9df5256c49c5374fb4eef1e281fe3f282c65fb853ee171c5 in /"
+		  },
+		],
+		"rootfs": {
+		  "diff_ids": [
+		    "sha256:c6f988f4874bb0add23a778f753c65efe992244e148a1d2ec2a8b664fb66bbd1",
+		  ],
+		  "type": "layers"
+		}
+	}`)
+
+	// Build a manifest and store it and its layers in the registry
+
+	blobStore := env.repository.Blobs(ctx)
+	d, err := blobStore.Put(ctx, schema2.MediaTypeImageConfig, sampleConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
+	builder := schema2.NewManifestBuilder(d, sampleConfig)
+
+	m := &schema2.Manifest{
+		Versioned: manifest.Versioned{
+			SchemaVersion: 2,
+			MediaType:     schema2.MediaTypeManifest,
+		},
+		Config: distribution.Descriptor{
+			Digest:    "sha256:1a9ec845ee94c202b2d5da74a24f0ed2058318bfa9879fa541efaecba272e86b",
+			Size:      3253,
+			MediaType: schema2.MediaTypeImageConfig,
+		},
+		Layers: []distribution.Descriptor{
+			{
+				Digest:    "sha256:463434349086340864309863409683460843608348608934092322395278926a",
+				Size:      6323,
+				MediaType: schema2.MediaTypeLayer,
+			},
+			{
+				Digest:    "sha256:630923423623623423352523525237238023652897356239852383652aaaaaaa",
+				Size:      6863,
+				MediaType: schema2.MediaTypeLayer,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	sampleConfigDigest := digest.FromBytes(sampleConfig)
+	sampleConfigSize := int64(len(sampleConfig))
+	m.Config.Digest = sampleConfigDigest
+	m.Config.Size = sampleConfigSize
 
 	// Build up some test layers and add them to the manifest, saving the
 	// readseekers for upload later.
@@ -97,52 +130,7 @@ func testManifestStorage(t *testing.T, schema1Enabled bool, options ...RegistryO
 		}
 
 		testLayers[dgst] = rs
-		m.FSLayers = append(m.FSLayers, schema1.FSLayer{ //nolint:staticcheck // Ignore SA1019: "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" is deprecated, as it's used for backward compatibility.
-			BlobSum: dgst,
-		})
-		m.History = append(m.History, schema1.History{ //nolint:staticcheck // Ignore SA1019: "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" is deprecated, as it's used for backward compatibility.
-			V1Compatibility: "",
-		})
-
-	}
-
-	pk, err := libtrust.GenerateECP256PrivateKey()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error generating private key: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	sm, merr := schema1.Sign(&m, pk) //nolint:staticcheck // Ignore SA1019: "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" is deprecated, as it's used for backward compatibility.
-	if merr != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("error signing manifest: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	_, err = ms.Put(ctx, sm)
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Fatalf("expected errors putting manifest with full verification")
-	}
-
-	// If schema1 is not enabled, do a short version of this test, just checking
-	// if we get the right error when we Put
-	if !schema1Enabled {
-		if err != distribution.ErrSchemaV1Unsupported {
-			t.Fatalf("got the wrong error when schema1 is disabled: %s", err)
-		}
-		return
-	}
-
-	switch err := err.(type) {
-	case distribution.ErrManifestVerification:
-		if len(err) != 2 {
-			t.Fatalf("expected 2 verification errors: %#v", err)
-		}
-
-		for _, err := range err {
-			if _, ok := err.(distribution.ErrManifestBlobUnknown); !ok {
-				t.Fatalf("unexpected error type: %v", err)
-			}
-		}
-	default:
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error verifying manifest: %v", err)
+		m.Layers[i].Digest = dgst
 	}
 
 	// Now, upload the layers that were missing!
@@ -159,6 +147,12 @@ func testManifestStorage(t *testing.T, schema1Enabled bool, options ...RegistryO
 		if _, err := wr.Commit(env.ctx, distribution.Descriptor{Digest: dgst}); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected error finishing upload: %v", err)
 		}
+		builder.AppendReference(distribution.Descriptor{Digest: dgst})
+	}
+
+	sm, err := builder.Build(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("%s: unexpected error generating manifest: %v", repoName, err)
 	}
 
 	var manifestDigest digest.Digest
@@ -180,34 +174,19 @@ func testManifestStorage(t *testing.T, schema1Enabled bool, options ...RegistryO
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected error fetching manifest: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	fetchedManifest, ok := fromStore.(*schema1.SignedManifest) //nolint:staticcheck // Ignore SA1019: "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" is deprecated, as it's used for backward compatibility.
+	fetchedManifest, ok := fromStore.(*schema2.DeserializedManifest)
 	if !ok {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected manifest type from signedstore")
 	}
-
-	if !bytes.Equal(fetchedManifest.Canonical, sm.Canonical) {
-		t.Fatalf("fetched payload does not match original payload: %q != %q", fetchedManifest.Canonical, sm.Canonical)
-	}
-
-	_, pl, err := fetchedManifest.Payload() //nolint:staticcheck // Ignore SA1019: "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" is deprecated, as it's used for backward compatibility.
+	_, pl, err := fetchedManifest.Payload()
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("error getting payload %#v", err)
-	}
-
-	fetchedJWS, err := libtrust.ParsePrettySignature(pl, "signatures")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error parsing jws: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	payload, err := fetchedJWS.Payload()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error extracting payload: %v", err)
+		t.Fatalf("could not get manifest payload: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	// Now that we have a payload, take a moment to check that the manifest is
 	// return by the payload digest.
 
-	dgst := digest.FromBytes(payload)
+	dgst := digest.FromBytes(pl)
 	exists, err = ms.Exists(ctx, dgst)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("error checking manifest existence by digest: %v", err)
@@ -222,55 +201,18 @@ func testManifestStorage(t *testing.T, schema1Enabled bool, options ...RegistryO
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected error fetching manifest by digest: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	byDigestManifest, ok := fetchedByDigest.(*schema1.SignedManifest) //nolint:staticcheck // Ignore SA1019: "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" is deprecated, as it's used for backward compatibility.
+	byDigestManifest, ok := fetchedByDigest.(*schema2.DeserializedManifest)
 	if !ok {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected manifest type from signedstore")
 	}
 
-	if !bytes.Equal(byDigestManifest.Canonical, fetchedManifest.Canonical) {
-		t.Fatalf("fetched manifest not equal: %q != %q", byDigestManifest.Canonical, fetchedManifest.Canonical)
-	}
-
-	sigs, err := fetchedJWS.Signatures()
+	_, byDigestCanonical, err := byDigestManifest.Payload()
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unable to extract signatures: %v", err)
+		t.Fatalf("could not get manifest payload: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	if len(sigs) != 1 {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected number of signatures: %d != %d", len(sigs), 1)
-	}
-
-	// Now, push the same manifest with a different key
-	pk2, err := libtrust.GenerateECP256PrivateKey()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error generating private key: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	sm2, err := schema1.Sign(&m, pk2) //nolint:staticcheck // Ignore SA1019: "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" is deprecated, as it's used for backward compatibility.
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error signing manifest: %v", err)
-	}
-	_, pl, err = sm2.Payload() //nolint:staticcheck // Ignore SA1019: "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" is deprecated, as it's used for backward compatibility.
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("error getting payload %#v", err)
-	}
-
-	jws2, err := libtrust.ParsePrettySignature(pl, "signatures")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("error parsing signature: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	sigs2, err := jws2.Signatures()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unable to extract signatures: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if len(sigs2) != 1 {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected number of signatures: %d != %d", len(sigs2), 1)
-	}
-
-	if manifestDigest, err = ms.Put(ctx, sm2); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error putting manifest: %v", err)
+	if !bytes.Equal(byDigestCanonical, pl) {
+		t.Fatalf("fetched manifest not equal: %q != %q", byDigestCanonical, pl)
 	}
 
 	fromStore, err = ms.Get(ctx, manifestDigest)
@@ -278,31 +220,17 @@ func testManifestStorage(t *testing.T, schema1Enabled bool, options ...RegistryO
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected error fetching manifest: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	fetched, ok := fromStore.(*schema1.SignedManifest) //nolint:staticcheck // Ignore SA1019: "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" is deprecated, as it's used for backward compatibility.
+	fetched, ok := fromStore.(*schema2.DeserializedManifest)
 	if !ok {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected type from signed manifeststore : %T", fetched)
 	}
 
-	if _, err := schema1.Verify(fetched); err != nil { //nolint:staticcheck // Ignore SA1019: "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" is deprecated, as it's used for backward compatibility.
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error verifying manifest: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	_, pl, err = fetched.Payload() //nolint:staticcheck // Ignore SA1019: "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" is deprecated, as it's used for backward compatibility.
+	_, receivedPL, err := fetched.Payload()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("error getting payload %#v", err)
 	}
 
-	receivedJWS, err := libtrust.ParsePrettySignature(pl, "signatures")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error parsing jws: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	receivedPayload, err := receivedJWS.Payload()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected error extracting received payload: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if !bytes.Equal(receivedPayload, payload) {
+	if !bytes.Equal(receivedPL, pl) {
 		t.Fatalf("payloads are not equal")
 	}
 
diff --git a/registry/storage/registry.go b/registry/storage/registry.go
index 7bf24487..6c263e7c 100644
--- a/registry/storage/registry.go
+++ b/registry/storage/registry.go
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/reference"
 	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/registry/storage/cache"
 	storagedriver "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/registry/storage/driver"
-	"github.com/docker/libtrust"
 )
 
 // registry is the top-level implementation of Registry for use in the storage
@@ -19,9 +18,7 @@ type registry struct {
 	statter                      *blobStatter // global statter service.
 	blobDescriptorCacheProvider  cache.BlobDescriptorCacheProvider
 	deleteEnabled                bool
-	schema1Enabled               bool
 	resumableDigestEnabled       bool
-	schema1SigningKey            libtrust.PrivateKey
 	blobDescriptorServiceFactory distribution.BlobDescriptorServiceFactory
 	manifestURLs                 manifestURLs
 	driver                       storagedriver.StorageDriver
@@ -50,13 +47,6 @@ func EnableDelete(registry *registry) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// EnableSchema1 is a functional option for NewRegistry. It enables pushing of
-// schema1 manifests.
-func EnableSchema1(registry *registry) error {
-	registry.schema1Enabled = true
-	return nil
-}
-
 // DisableDigestResumption is a functional option for NewRegistry. It should be
 // used if the registry is acting as a caching proxy.
 func DisableDigestResumption(registry *registry) error {
@@ -80,15 +70,6 @@ func ManifestURLsDenyRegexp(r *regexp.Regexp) RegistryOption {
 	}
 }
 
-// Schema1SigningKey returns a functional option for NewRegistry. It sets the
-// key for signing  all schema1 manifests.
-func Schema1SigningKey(key libtrust.PrivateKey) RegistryOption {
-	return func(registry *registry) error {
-		registry.schema1SigningKey = key
-		return nil
-	}
-}
-
 // BlobDescriptorServiceFactory returns a functional option for NewRegistry. It sets the
 // factory to create BlobDescriptorServiceFactory middleware.
 func BlobDescriptorServiceFactory(factory distribution.BlobDescriptorServiceFactory) RegistryOption {
@@ -240,25 +221,6 @@ func (repo *repository) Manifests(ctx context.Context, options ...distribution.M
 		linkDirectoryPathSpec: manifestDirectoryPathSpec,
 	}
 
-	var v1Handler ManifestHandler
-	if repo.schema1Enabled {
-		v1Handler = &signedManifestHandler{
-			ctx:               ctx,
-			schema1SigningKey: repo.schema1SigningKey,
-			repository:        repo,
-			blobStore:         blobStore,
-		}
-	} else {
-		v1Handler = &v1UnsupportedHandler{
-			innerHandler: &signedManifestHandler{
-				ctx:               ctx,
-				schema1SigningKey: repo.schema1SigningKey,
-				repository:        repo,
-				blobStore:         blobStore,
-			},
-		}
-	}
-
 	manifestListHandler := &manifestListHandler{
 		ctx:        ctx,
 		repository: repo,
@@ -266,10 +228,9 @@ func (repo *repository) Manifests(ctx context.Context, options ...distribution.M
 	}
 
 	ms := &manifestStore{
-		ctx:            ctx,
-		repository:     repo,
-		blobStore:      blobStore,
-		schema1Handler: v1Handler,
+		ctx:        ctx,
+		repository: repo,
+		blobStore:  blobStore,
 		schema2Handler: &schema2ManifestHandler{
 			ctx:          ctx,
 			repository:   repo,
diff --git a/registry/storage/schema2manifesthandler.go b/registry/storage/schema2manifesthandler.go
index 7716289a..aa8980ec 100644
--- a/registry/storage/schema2manifesthandler.go
+++ b/registry/storage/schema2manifesthandler.go
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3"
 	dcontext "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/context"
-	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" //nolint:staticcheck // Ignore SA1019: "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" is deprecated, as it's used for backward compatibility.
 	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema2"
 	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
 )
@@ -110,7 +109,7 @@ func (ms *schema2ManifestHandler) verifyManifest(ctx context.Context, mnfst sche
 					break
 				}
 			}
-		case schema2.MediaTypeManifest, schema1.MediaTypeManifest: //nolint:staticcheck // Ignore SA1019: "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" is deprecated, as it's used for backward compatibility.
+		case schema2.MediaTypeManifest:
 			var exists bool
 			exists, err = manifestService.Exists(ctx, descriptor.Digest)
 			if err != nil || !exists {
diff --git a/registry/storage/signedmanifesthandler.go b/registry/storage/signedmanifesthandler.go
deleted file mode 100644
index edb32e07..00000000
--- a/registry/storage/signedmanifesthandler.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,142 +0,0 @@
-package storage
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-
-	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3"
-	dcontext "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/context"
-	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" //nolint:staticcheck // Ignore SA1019: "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" is deprecated, as it's used for backward compatibility.
-	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/reference"
-	"github.com/docker/libtrust"
-	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
-)
-
-// signedManifestHandler is a ManifestHandler that covers schema1 manifests. It
-// can unmarshal and put schema1 manifests that have been signed by libtrust.
-type signedManifestHandler struct {
-	repository        distribution.Repository
-	schema1SigningKey libtrust.PrivateKey
-	blobStore         distribution.BlobStore
-	ctx               context.Context
-}
-
-var _ ManifestHandler = &signedManifestHandler{}
-
-func (ms *signedManifestHandler) Unmarshal(ctx context.Context, dgst digest.Digest, content []byte) (distribution.Manifest, error) {
-	dcontext.GetLogger(ms.ctx).Debug("(*signedManifestHandler).Unmarshal")
-
-	var (
-		signatures [][]byte
-		err        error
-	)
-
-	jsig, err := libtrust.NewJSONSignature(content, signatures...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	if ms.schema1SigningKey != nil {
-		if err := jsig.Sign(ms.schema1SigningKey); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Extract the pretty JWS
-	raw, err := jsig.PrettySignature("signatures")
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	var sm schema1.SignedManifest //nolint:staticcheck // Ignore SA1019: "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" is deprecated, as it's used for backward compatibility.
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &sm); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return &sm, nil
-}
-
-func (ms *signedManifestHandler) Put(ctx context.Context, manifest distribution.Manifest, skipDependencyVerification bool) (digest.Digest, error) {
-	dcontext.GetLogger(ms.ctx).Debug("(*signedManifestHandler).Put")
-
-	sm, ok := manifest.(*schema1.SignedManifest) //nolint:staticcheck // Ignore SA1019: "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" is deprecated, as it's used for backward compatibility.
-	if !ok {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("non-schema1 manifest put to signedManifestHandler: %T", manifest)
-	}
-
-	if err := ms.verifyManifest(ms.ctx, *sm, skipDependencyVerification); err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	mt := schema1.MediaTypeManifest //nolint:staticcheck // Ignore SA1019: "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" is deprecated, as it's used for backward compatibility.
-	payload := sm.Canonical
-
-	revision, err := ms.blobStore.Put(ctx, mt, payload)
-	if err != nil {
-		dcontext.GetLogger(ctx).Errorf("error putting payload into blobstore: %v", err)
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	return revision.Digest, nil
-}
-
-// verifyManifest ensures that the manifest content is valid from the
-// perspective of the registry. It ensures that the signature is valid for the
-// enclosed payload. As a policy, the registry only tries to store valid
-// content, leaving trust policies of that content up to consumers.
-func (ms *signedManifestHandler) verifyManifest(ctx context.Context, mnfst schema1.SignedManifest, skipDependencyVerification bool) error { //nolint:staticcheck // Ignore SA1019: "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" is deprecated, as it's used for backward compatibility.
-	var errs distribution.ErrManifestVerification
-
-	if len(mnfst.Name) > reference.NameTotalLengthMax {
-		errs = append(errs,
-			distribution.ErrManifestNameInvalid{
-				Name:   mnfst.Name,
-				Reason: fmt.Errorf("manifest name must not be more than %v characters", reference.NameTotalLengthMax),
-			})
-	}
-
-	if !reference.NameRegexp.MatchString(mnfst.Name) {
-		errs = append(errs,
-			distribution.ErrManifestNameInvalid{
-				Name:   mnfst.Name,
-				Reason: fmt.Errorf("invalid manifest name format"),
-			})
-	}
-
-	if len(mnfst.History) != len(mnfst.FSLayers) {
-		errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("mismatched history and fslayer cardinality %d != %d",
-			len(mnfst.History), len(mnfst.FSLayers)))
-	}
-
-	if _, err := schema1.Verify(&mnfst); err != nil { //nolint:staticcheck // Ignore SA1019: "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" is deprecated, as it's used for backward compatibility.
-		switch err {
-		case libtrust.ErrMissingSignatureKey, libtrust.ErrInvalidJSONContent, libtrust.ErrMissingSignatureKey:
-			errs = append(errs, distribution.ErrManifestUnverified{})
-		default:
-			if err.Error() == "invalid signature" { // TODO(stevvooe): This should be exported by libtrust
-				errs = append(errs, distribution.ErrManifestUnverified{})
-			} else {
-				errs = append(errs, err)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if !skipDependencyVerification {
-		for _, fsLayer := range mnfst.References() { //nolint:staticcheck // Ignore SA1019: "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" is deprecated, as it's used for backward compatibility.
-			_, err := ms.repository.Blobs(ctx).Stat(ctx, fsLayer.Digest)
-			if err != nil {
-				if err != distribution.ErrBlobUnknown {
-					errs = append(errs, err)
-				}
-
-				// On error here, we always append unknown blob errors.
-				errs = append(errs, distribution.ErrManifestBlobUnknown{Digest: fsLayer.Digest})
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	if len(errs) != 0 {
-		return errs
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
diff --git a/registry/storage/v1unsupportedhandler.go b/registry/storage/v1unsupportedhandler.go
deleted file mode 100644
index d6ed95fe..00000000
--- a/registry/storage/v1unsupportedhandler.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-package storage
-
-import (
-	"context"
-
-	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3"
-	digest "github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
-)
-
-// signedManifestHandler is a ManifestHandler that unmarshals v1 manifests but
-// refuses to Put v1 manifests
-type v1UnsupportedHandler struct {
-	innerHandler ManifestHandler
-}
-
-var _ ManifestHandler = &v1UnsupportedHandler{}
-
-func (v *v1UnsupportedHandler) Unmarshal(ctx context.Context, dgst digest.Digest, content []byte) (distribution.Manifest, error) {
-	return v.innerHandler.Unmarshal(ctx, dgst, content)
-}
-
-func (v *v1UnsupportedHandler) Put(ctx context.Context, manifest distribution.Manifest, skipDependencyVerification bool) (digest.Digest, error) {
-	return digest.Digest(""), distribution.ErrSchemaV1Unsupported
-}
diff --git a/testutil/manifests.go b/testutil/manifests.go
index 3a6a333b..9501aace 100644
--- a/testutil/manifests.go
+++ b/testutil/manifests.go
@@ -5,11 +5,8 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3"
 	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/context"
-	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest"
 	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/manifestlist"
-	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" //nolint:staticcheck // Ignore SA1019: "github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema1" is deprecated, as it's used for backward compatibility.
 	"github.com/distribution/distribution/v3/manifest/schema2"
-	"github.com/docker/libtrust"
 	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
 )
 
@@ -39,38 +36,6 @@ func MakeManifestList(blobstatter distribution.BlobStatter, manifestDigests []di
 	return manifestlist.FromDescriptors(manifestDescriptors)
 }
 
-// MakeSchema1Manifest constructs a schema 1 manifest from a given list of digests and returns
-// the digest of the manifest.
-//
-// Deprecated: Docker Image Manifest v2, Schema 1 is deprecated since 2015.
-// Use Docker Image Manifest v2, Schema 2, or the OCI Image Specification.
-func MakeSchema1Manifest(digests []digest.Digest) (*schema1.SignedManifest, error) {
-	mfst := schema1.Manifest{
-		Versioned: manifest.Versioned{
-			SchemaVersion: 1,
-		},
-		Name: "who",
-		Tag:  "cares",
-	}
-
-	for _, d := range digests {
-		mfst.FSLayers = append(mfst.FSLayers, schema1.FSLayer{BlobSum: d})
-		mfst.History = append(mfst.History, schema1.History{V1Compatibility: ""})
-	}
-
-	pk, err := libtrust.GenerateECP256PrivateKey()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected error generating private key: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	signedManifest, err := schema1.Sign(&mfst, pk)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error signing manifest: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	return signedManifest, nil
-}
-
 // MakeSchema2Manifest constructs a schema 2 manifest from a given list of digests and returns
 // the digest of the manifest
 func MakeSchema2Manifest(repository distribution.Repository, digests []digest.Digest) (distribution.Manifest, error) {