distribution/registry/storage/paths.go

package storage

import (
	"fmt"
	"path"
	"strings"

	"github.com/opencontainers/go-digest"
)

const (
	storagePathVersion = "v2"                // fixed storage layout version
	storagePathRoot    = "/docker/registry/" // all driver paths have a prefix

	// TODO(stevvooe): Get rid of the "storagePathRoot". Initially, we though
	// storage path root would configurable for all drivers through this
	// package. In reality, we've found it simpler to do this on a per driver
	// basis.
)

// pathFor maps paths based on "object names" and their ids. The "object
// names" mapped by are internal to the storage system.
//
// The path layout in the storage backend is roughly as follows:
//
//	<root>/v2
//	├── blob
//	│   └── <algorithm>
//	│       └── <split directory content addressable storage>
//	└── repositories
//	    └── <name>
//	        ├── _layers
//	        │   └── <layer links to blob store>
//	        ├── _manifests
//	        │   ├── revisions
//	        │   │   └── <manifest digest path>
//	        │   │       └── link
//	        │   └── tags
//	        │       └── <tag>
//	        │           ├── current
//	        │           │   └── link
//	        │           └── index
//	        │               └── <algorithm>
//	        │                   └── <hex digest>
//	        │                       └── link
//	        └── _uploads
//	            └── <id>
//	                ├── data
//	                ├── hashstates
//	                │   └── <algorithm>
//	                │       └── <offset>
//	                └── startedat
//
// The storage backend layout is broken up into a content-addressable blob
// store and repositories. The content-addressable blob store holds most data
// throughout the backend, keyed by algorithm and digests of the underlying
// content. Access to the blob store is controlled through links from the
// repository to blobstore.
//
// A repository is made up of layers, manifests and tags. The layers component
// is just a directory of layers which are "linked" into a repository. A layer
// can only be accessed through a qualified repository name if it is linked in
// the repository. Uploads of layers are managed in the uploads directory,
// which is key by upload id. When all data for an upload is received, the
// data is moved into the blob store and the upload directory is deleted.
// Abandoned uploads can be garbage collected by reading the startedat file
// and removing uploads that have been active for longer than a certain time.
//
// The third component of the repository directory is the manifests store,
// which is made up of a revision store and tag store. Manifests are stored in
// the blob store and linked into the revision store.
// While the registry can save all revisions of a manifest, no relationship is
// implied as to the ordering of changes to a manifest. The tag store provides
// support for name, tag lookups of manifests, using "current/link" under a
// named tag directory. An index is maintained to support deletions of all
// revisions of a given manifest tag.
//
// We cover the path formats implemented by this path mapper below.
//
//	Manifests:
//
//	manifestsPathSpec:             <root>/v2/repositories/<name>/_manifests
//	manifestRevisionsPathSpec:     <root>/v2/repositories/<name>/_manifests/revisions/
//	manifestRevisionPathSpec:      <root>/v2/repositories/<name>/_manifests/revisions/<algorithm>/<hex digest>/
//	manifestRevisionLinkPathSpec:  <root>/v2/repositories/<name>/_manifests/revisions/<algorithm>/<hex digest>/link
//
//	Tags:
//
//	manifestTagsPathSpec:                  <root>/v2/repositories/<name>/_manifests/tags/
//	manifestTagPathSpec:                   <root>/v2/repositories/<name>/_manifests/tags/<tag>/
//	manifestTagCurrentPathSpec:            <root>/v2/repositories/<name>/_manifests/tags/<tag>/current/link
//	manifestTagIndexPathSpec:              <root>/v2/repositories/<name>/_manifests/tags/<tag>/index/
//	manifestTagIndexEntryPathSpec:         <root>/v2/repositories/<name>/_manifests/tags/<tag>/index/<algorithm>/<hex digest>/
//	manifestTagIndexEntryLinkPathSpec:     <root>/v2/repositories/<name>/_manifests/tags/<tag>/index/<algorithm>/<hex digest>/link
//
//	Blobs:
//
//	layerLinkPathSpec:            <root>/v2/repositories/<name>/_layers/<algorithm>/<hex digest>/link
//	layersPathSpec:               <root>/v2/repositories/<name>/_layers
//
//	Uploads:
//
//	uploadDataPathSpec:             <root>/v2/repositories/<name>/_uploads/<id>/data
//	uploadStartedAtPathSpec:        <root>/v2/repositories/<name>/_uploads/<id>/startedat
//	uploadHashStatePathSpec:        <root>/v2/repositories/<name>/_uploads/<id>/hashstates/<algorithm>/<offset>
//
//	Blob Store:
//
//	blobsPathSpec:                  <root>/v2/blobs/
//	blobPathSpec:                   <root>/v2/blobs/<algorithm>/<first two hex bytes of digest>/<hex digest>
//	blobDataPathSpec:               <root>/v2/blobs/<algorithm>/<first two hex bytes of digest>/<hex digest>/data
//	blobMediaTypePathSpec:               <root>/v2/blobs/<algorithm>/<first two hex bytes of digest>/<hex digest>/data
//
// For more information on the semantic meaning of each path and their
// contents, please see the path spec documentation.
func pathFor(spec pathSpec) (string, error) {
	// Switch on the path object type and return the appropriate path. At
	// first glance, one may wonder why we don't use an interface to
	// accomplish this. By keep the formatting separate from the pathSpec, we
	// keep separate the path generation componentized. These specs could be
	// passed to a completely different mapper implementation and generate a
	// different set of paths.
	//
	// For example, imagine migrating from one backend to the other: one could
	// build a filesystem walker that converts a string path in one version,
	// to an intermediate path object, than can be consumed and mapped by the
	// other version.

	rootPrefix := []string{storagePathRoot, storagePathVersion}
	repoPrefix := append(rootPrefix, "repositories")

	switch v := spec.(type) {

	case manifestsPathSpec:
		return path.Join(append(repoPrefix, v.name, "_manifests")...), nil

	case manifestRevisionsPathSpec:
		return path.Join(append(repoPrefix, v.name, "_manifests", "revisions")...), nil

	case manifestRevisionPathSpec:
		components, err := digestPathComponents(v.revision, false)
		if err != nil {
			return "", err
		}

		return path.Join(append(append(repoPrefix, v.name, "_manifests", "revisions"), components...)...), nil
	case manifestRevisionLinkPathSpec:
		root, err := pathFor(manifestRevisionPathSpec(v))
		if err != nil {
			return "", err
		}

		return path.Join(root, "link"), nil
	case manifestTagsPathSpec:
		return path.Join(append(repoPrefix, v.name, "_manifests", "tags")...), nil
	case manifestTagPathSpec:
		root, err := pathFor(manifestTagsPathSpec{
			name: v.name,
		})
		if err != nil {
			return "", err
		}

		return path.Join(root, v.tag), nil
	case manifestTagCurrentPathSpec:
		root, err := pathFor(manifestTagPathSpec(v))
		if err != nil {
			return "", err
		}

		return path.Join(root, "current", "link"), nil
	case manifestTagIndexPathSpec:
		root, err := pathFor(manifestTagPathSpec(v))
		if err != nil {
			return "", err
		}

		return path.Join(root, "index"), nil
	case manifestTagIndexEntryLinkPathSpec:
		root, err := pathFor(manifestTagIndexEntryPathSpec(v))
		if err != nil {
			return "", err
		}

		return path.Join(root, "link"), nil
	case manifestTagIndexEntryPathSpec:
		root, err := pathFor(manifestTagIndexPathSpec{
			name: v.name,
			tag:  v.tag,
		})
		if err != nil {
			return "", err
		}

		components, err := digestPathComponents(v.revision, false)
		if err != nil {
			return "", err
		}

		return path.Join(root, path.Join(components...)), nil
	case layerLinkPathSpec:
		components, err := digestPathComponents(v.digest, false)
		if err != nil {
			return "", err
		}

		// TODO(stevvooe): Right now, all blobs are linked under "_layers". If
		// we have future migrations, we may want to rename this to "_blobs".
		// A migration strategy would simply leave existing items in place and
		// write the new paths, commit a file then delete the old files.

		blobLinkPathComponents := append(repoPrefix, v.name, "_layers")

		return path.Join(path.Join(append(blobLinkPathComponents, components...)...), "link"), nil
	case layersPathSpec:
		return path.Join(append(repoPrefix, v.name, "_layers")...), nil
	case blobsPathSpec:
		blobsPathPrefix := append(rootPrefix, "blobs")
		return path.Join(blobsPathPrefix...), nil
	case blobPathSpec:
		components, err := digestPathComponents(v.digest, true)
		if err != nil {
			return "", err
		}

		blobPathPrefix := append(rootPrefix, "blobs")
		return path.Join(append(blobPathPrefix, components...)...), nil
	case blobDataPathSpec:
		components, err := digestPathComponents(v.digest, true)
		if err != nil {
			return "", err
		}

		components = append(components, "data")
		blobPathPrefix := append(rootPrefix, "blobs")
		return path.Join(append(blobPathPrefix, components...)...), nil

	case uploadDataPathSpec:
		return path.Join(append(repoPrefix, v.name, "_uploads", v.id, "data")...), nil
	case uploadStartedAtPathSpec:
		return path.Join(append(repoPrefix, v.name, "_uploads", v.id, "startedat")...), nil
	case uploadHashStatePathSpec:
		offset := fmt.Sprintf("%d", v.offset)
		if v.list {
			offset = "" // Limit to the prefix for listing offsets.
		}
		return path.Join(append(repoPrefix, v.name, "_uploads", v.id, "hashstates", string(v.alg), offset)...), nil
	case repositoriesRootPathSpec:
		return path.Join(repoPrefix...), nil
	default:
		// TODO(sday): This is an internal error. Ensure it doesn't escape (panic?).
		return "", fmt.Errorf("unknown path spec: %#v", v)
	}
}

// pathSpec is a type to mark structs as path specs. There is no
// implementation because we'd like to keep the specs and the mappers
// decoupled.
type pathSpec interface {
	pathSpec()
}

// manifestPathSpec describes the directory path for a manifest.
type manifestsPathSpec struct {
	name string
}

func (manifestsPathSpec) pathSpec() {}

// manifestRevisionsPathSpec describes the directory path for
// a manifest revision.
type manifestRevisionsPathSpec struct {
	name string
}

func (manifestRevisionsPathSpec) pathSpec() {}

// manifestRevisionPathSpec describes the components of the directory path for
// a manifest revision.
type manifestRevisionPathSpec struct {
	name     string
	revision digest.Digest
}

func (manifestRevisionPathSpec) pathSpec() {}

// manifestRevisionLinkPathSpec describes the path components required to look
// up the data link for a revision of a manifest. If this file is not present,
// the manifest blob is not available in the given repo. The contents of this
// file should just be the digest.
type manifestRevisionLinkPathSpec struct {
	name     string
	revision digest.Digest
}

func (manifestRevisionLinkPathSpec) pathSpec() {}

// manifestTagsPathSpec describes the path elements required to point to the
// manifest tags directory.
type manifestTagsPathSpec struct {
	name string
}

func (manifestTagsPathSpec) pathSpec() {}

// manifestTagPathSpec describes the path elements required to point to the
// manifest tag links files under a repository. These contain a blob id that
// can be used to look up the data and signatures.
type manifestTagPathSpec struct {
	name string
	tag  string
}

func (manifestTagPathSpec) pathSpec() {}

// manifestTagCurrentPathSpec describes the link to the current revision for a
// given tag.
type manifestTagCurrentPathSpec struct {
	name string
	tag  string
}

func (manifestTagCurrentPathSpec) pathSpec() {}

// manifestTagCurrentPathSpec describes the link to the index of revisions
// with the given tag.
type manifestTagIndexPathSpec struct {
	name string
	tag  string
}

func (manifestTagIndexPathSpec) pathSpec() {}

// manifestTagIndexEntryPathSpec contains the entries of the index by revision.
type manifestTagIndexEntryPathSpec struct {
	name     string
	tag      string
	revision digest.Digest
}

func (manifestTagIndexEntryPathSpec) pathSpec() {}

// manifestTagIndexEntryLinkPathSpec describes the link to a revisions of a
// manifest with given tag within the index.
type manifestTagIndexEntryLinkPathSpec struct {
	name     string
	tag      string
	revision digest.Digest
}

func (manifestTagIndexEntryLinkPathSpec) pathSpec() {}

// layersPathSpec contains the path for the layers inside a repo
type layersPathSpec struct {
	name string
}

func (layersPathSpec) pathSpec() {}

// blobLinkPathSpec specifies a path for a blob link, which is a file with a
// blob id. The blob link will contain a content addressable blob id reference
// into the blob store. The format of the contents is as follows:
//
//	<algorithm>:<hex digest of layer data>
//
// The following example of the file contents is more illustrative:
//
//	sha256:96443a84ce518ac22acb2e985eda402b58ac19ce6f91980bde63726a79d80b36
//
// This  indicates that there is a blob with the id/digest, calculated via
// sha256 that can be fetched from the blob store.
type layerLinkPathSpec struct {
	name   string
	digest digest.Digest
}

func (layerLinkPathSpec) pathSpec() {}

// blobAlgorithmReplacer does some very simple path sanitization for user
// input. Paths should be "safe" before getting this far due to strict digest
// requirements but we can add further path conversion here, if needed.
var blobAlgorithmReplacer = strings.NewReplacer(
	"+", "/",
	".", "/",
	";", "/",
)

// blobsPathSpec contains the path for the blobs directory
type blobsPathSpec struct{}

func (blobsPathSpec) pathSpec() {}

// blobPathSpec contains the path for the registry global blob store.
type blobPathSpec struct {
	digest digest.Digest
}

func (blobPathSpec) pathSpec() {}

// blobDataPathSpec contains the path for the registry global blob store. For
// now, this contains layer data, exclusively.
type blobDataPathSpec struct {
	digest digest.Digest
}

func (blobDataPathSpec) pathSpec() {}

// uploadDataPathSpec defines the path parameters of the data file for
// uploads.
type uploadDataPathSpec struct {
	name string
	id   string
}

func (uploadDataPathSpec) pathSpec() {}

// uploadDataPathSpec defines the path parameters for the file that stores the
// start time of an uploads. If it is missing, the upload is considered
// unknown. Admittedly, the presence of this file is an ugly hack to make sure
// we have a way to cleanup old or stalled uploads that doesn't rely on driver
// FileInfo behavior. If we come up with a more clever way to do this, we
// should remove this file immediately and rely on the startetAt field from
// the client to enforce time out policies.
type uploadStartedAtPathSpec struct {
	name string
	id   string
}

func (uploadStartedAtPathSpec) pathSpec() {}

// uploadHashStatePathSpec defines the path parameters for the file that stores
// the hash function state of an upload at a specific byte offset. If `list` is
// set, then the path mapper will generate a list prefix for all hash state
// offsets for the upload identified by the name, id, and alg.
type uploadHashStatePathSpec struct {
	name   string
	id     string
	alg    digest.Algorithm
	offset int64
	list   bool
}

func (uploadHashStatePathSpec) pathSpec() {}

// repositoriesRootPathSpec returns the root of repositories
type repositoriesRootPathSpec struct{}

func (repositoriesRootPathSpec) pathSpec() {}

// digestPathComponents provides a consistent path breakdown for a given
// digest. For a generic digest, it will be as follows:
//
//	<algorithm>/<hex digest>
//
// If multilevel is true, the first two bytes of the digest will separate
// groups of digest folder. It will be as follows:
//
//	<algorithm>/<first two bytes of digest>/<full digest>
func digestPathComponents(dgst digest.Digest, multilevel bool) ([]string, error) {
	if err := dgst.Validate(); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	algorithm := blobAlgorithmReplacer.Replace(string(dgst.Algorithm()))
	hex := dgst.Encoded()
	prefix := []string{algorithm}

	var suffix []string

	if multilevel {
		suffix = append(suffix, hex[:2])
	}

	suffix = append(suffix, hex)

	return append(prefix, suffix...), nil
}

// Reconstructs a digest from a path
func digestFromPath(digestPath string) (digest.Digest, error) {
	digestPath = strings.TrimSuffix(digestPath, "/data")
	dir, hex := path.Split(digestPath)
	dir = path.Dir(dir)
	dir, next := path.Split(dir)

	// next is either the algorithm OR the first two characters in the hex string
	var algo string
	if next == hex[:2] {
		algo = path.Base(dir)
	} else {
		algo = next
	}

	dgst := digest.NewDigestFromEncoded(digest.Algorithm(algo), hex)
	return dgst, dgst.Validate()
}