s3-tests/test_s3.py

769 lines
26 KiB
Python

from cStringIO import StringIO
import ConfigParser
import boto.exception
import boto.s3.connection
import bunch
import itertools
import operator
import os
import random
import string
import time
from nose.tools import eq_ as eq
from nose.plugins.attrib import attr
from utils import assert_raises
NONEXISTENT_EMAIL = 'doesnotexist@dreamhost.com.invalid'
s3 = bunch.Bunch()
config = bunch.Bunch()
# this will be assigned by setup()
prefix = None
def choose_bucket_prefix(template, max_len=30):
"""
Choose a prefix for our test buckets, so they're easy to identify.
Use template and feed it more and more random filler, until it's
as long as possible but still below max_len.
"""
rand = ''.join(
random.choice(string.ascii_lowercase + string.digits)
for c in range(255)
)
while rand:
s = template.format(random=rand)
if len(s) <= max_len:
return s
rand = rand[:-1]
raise RuntimeError(
'Bucket prefix template is impossible to fulfill: {template!r}'.format(
template=template,
),
)
def nuke_prefixed_buckets():
for name, conn in s3.items():
print 'Cleaning buckets from connection {name}'.format(name=name)
for bucket in conn.get_all_buckets():
if bucket.name.startswith(prefix):
print 'Cleaning bucket {bucket}'.format(bucket=bucket)
try:
for key in bucket.list():
print 'Cleaning bucket {bucket} key {key}'.format(
bucket=bucket,
key=key,
)
key.delete()
bucket.delete()
except boto.exception.S3ResponseError as e:
# TODO workaround for buggy rgw that fails to send
# error_code, remove
if (e.status == 403
and e.error_code is None
and e.body == ''):
e.error_code = 'AccessDenied'
if e.error_code != 'AccessDenied':
print 'GOT UNWANTED ERROR', e.error_code
raise
# seems like we're not the owner of the bucket; ignore
pass
print 'Done with cleanup of test buckets.'
def setup():
cfg = ConfigParser.RawConfigParser()
try:
path = os.environ['S3TEST_CONF']
except KeyError:
raise RuntimeError(
'To run tests, point environment '
+ 'variable S3TEST_CONF to a config file.',
)
with file(path) as f:
cfg.readfp(f)
global prefix
try:
template = cfg.get('fixtures', 'bucket prefix')
except (ConfigParser.NoSectionError, ConfigParser.NoOptionError):
template = 'test-{random}-'
prefix = choose_bucket_prefix(template=template)
s3.clear()
config.clear()
for section in cfg.sections():
try:
(type_, name) = section.split(None, 1)
except ValueError:
continue
if type_ != 's3':
continue
try:
port = cfg.getint(section, 'port')
except ConfigParser.NoOptionError:
port = None
config[name] = bunch.Bunch()
for var in [
'user_id',
'display_name',
'email',
]:
try:
config[name][var] = cfg.get(section, var)
except ConfigParser.NoOptionError:
pass
conn = boto.s3.connection.S3Connection(
aws_access_key_id=cfg.get(section, 'access_key'),
aws_secret_access_key=cfg.get(section, 'secret_key'),
is_secure=cfg.getboolean(section, 'is_secure'),
port=port,
host=cfg.get(section, 'host'),
# TODO support & test all variations
calling_format=boto.s3.connection.OrdinaryCallingFormat(),
)
s3[name] = conn
# WARNING! we actively delete all buckets we see with the prefix
# we've chosen! Choose your prefix with care, and don't reuse
# credentials!
# We also assume nobody else is going to use buckets with that
# prefix. This is racy but given enough randomness, should not
# really fail.
nuke_prefixed_buckets()
def teardown():
# remove our buckets here also, to avoid littering
nuke_prefixed_buckets()
bucket_counter = itertools.count(1)
def get_new_bucket(connection=None):
"""
Get a bucket that exists and is empty.
Always recreates a bucket from scratch. This is useful to also
reset ACLs and such.
"""
if connection is None:
connection = s3.main
name = '{prefix}{num}'.format(
prefix=prefix,
num=next(bucket_counter),
)
# the only way for this to fail with a pre-existing bucket is if
# someone raced us between setup nuke_prefixed_buckets and here;
# ignore that as astronomically unlikely
bucket = connection.create_bucket(name)
return bucket
def check_access_denied(fn, *args, **kwargs):
e = assert_raises(boto.exception.S3ResponseError, fn, *args, **kwargs)
eq(e.status, 403)
eq(e.reason, 'Forbidden')
eq(e.error_code, 'AccessDenied')
def check_grants(got, want):
"""
Check that grants list in got matches the dictionaries in want,
in any order.
"""
eq(len(got), len(want))
got = sorted(got, key=operator.attrgetter('id'))
want = sorted(want, key=operator.itemgetter('id'))
for g,w in zip(got, want):
w = dict(w)
eq(g.permission, w.pop('permission'))
eq(g.id, w.pop('id'))
eq(g.display_name, w.pop('display_name'))
eq(g.uri, w.pop('uri'))
eq(g.email_address, w.pop('email_address'))
eq(g.type, w.pop('type'))
eq(w, {})
def test_bucket_list_empty():
bucket = get_new_bucket()
l = bucket.list()
l = list(l)
eq(l, [])
def test_bucket_notexist():
name = '{prefix}foo'.format(prefix=prefix)
print 'Trying bucket {name!r}'.format(name=name)
e = assert_raises(boto.exception.S3ResponseError, s3.main.get_bucket, name)
eq(e.status, 404)
eq(e.reason, 'Not Found')
eq(e.error_code, 'NoSuchBucket')
def test_bucket_create_delete():
name = '{prefix}foo'.format(prefix=prefix)
print 'Trying bucket {name!r}'.format(name=name)
bucket = s3.main.create_bucket(name)
# make sure it's actually there
s3.main.get_bucket(bucket.name)
bucket.delete()
# make sure it's gone
e = assert_raises(boto.exception.S3ResponseError, bucket.delete)
eq(e.status, 404)
eq(e.reason, 'Not Found')
eq(e.error_code, 'NoSuchBucket')
def test_object_read_notexist():
bucket = get_new_bucket()
key = bucket.new_key('foobar')
e = assert_raises(boto.exception.S3ResponseError, key.get_contents_as_string)
eq(e.status, 404)
eq(e.reason, 'Not Found')
eq(e.error_code, 'NoSuchKey')
def test_object_write_then_read():
bucket = get_new_bucket()
key = bucket.new_key('foo')
key.set_contents_from_string('bar')
got = key.get_contents_as_string()
eq(got, 'bar')
def test_object_set_get_metadata():
bucket = get_new_bucket()
key = boto.s3.key.Key(bucket)
key.key = ('foo')
key.set_metadata('meta1', 'mymeta')
key.set_contents_from_string('bar')
key2 = bucket.get_key('foo')
got = key2.get_metadata('meta1')
eq(got, 'mymeta')
def test_object_write_file():
# boto Key.set_contents_from_file / .send_file uses Expect:
# 100-Continue, so this test exercises that (though a bit too
# subtly)
bucket = get_new_bucket()
key = bucket.new_key('foo')
data = StringIO('bar')
key.set_contents_from_file(fp=data)
got = key.get_contents_as_string()
eq(got, 'bar')
def check_bad_bucket_name(name):
e = assert_raises(boto.exception.S3ResponseError, s3.main.create_bucket, name)
eq(e.status, 400)
eq(e.reason, 'Bad Request')
eq(e.error_code, 'InvalidBucketName')
# AWS does not enforce all documented bucket restrictions.
# http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AmazonS3/2006-03-01/dev/index.html?BucketRestrictions.html
@attr('fails_on_aws')
def test_bucket_create_naming_bad_starts_nonalpha():
check_bad_bucket_name('_alphasoup')
def test_bucket_create_naming_bad_short_empty():
# bucket creates where name is empty look like PUTs to the parent
# resource (with slash), hence their error response is different
e = assert_raises(boto.exception.S3ResponseError, s3.main.create_bucket, '')
eq(e.status, 405)
eq(e.reason, 'Method Not Allowed')
eq(e.error_code, 'MethodNotAllowed')
def test_bucket_create_naming_bad_short_one():
check_bad_bucket_name('a')
def test_bucket_create_naming_bad_short_two():
check_bad_bucket_name('aa')
def test_bucket_create_naming_bad_long():
check_bad_bucket_name(256*'a')
check_bad_bucket_name(280*'a')
check_bad_bucket_name(3000*'a')
def check_good_bucket_name(name):
# prefixing to make then unique; tests using this must *not* rely
# on being able to set the initial character, or exceed the max
# len
s3.main.create_bucket('{prefix}{name}'.format(
prefix=prefix,
name=name,
))
def _test_bucket_create_naming_good_long(length):
assert len(prefix) < 255
num = length - len(prefix)
s3.main.create_bucket('{prefix}{name}'.format(
prefix=prefix,
name=num*'a',
))
def test_bucket_create_naming_good_long_250():
_test_bucket_create_naming_good_long(250)
def test_bucket_create_naming_good_long_251():
_test_bucket_create_naming_good_long(251)
def test_bucket_create_naming_good_long_252():
_test_bucket_create_naming_good_long(252)
def test_bucket_create_naming_good_long_253():
_test_bucket_create_naming_good_long(253)
def test_bucket_create_naming_good_long_254():
_test_bucket_create_naming_good_long(254)
def test_bucket_create_naming_good_long_255():
_test_bucket_create_naming_good_long(255)
def test_bucket_list_long_name():
length = 251
num = length - len(prefix)
bucket = s3.main.create_bucket('{prefix}{name}'.format(
prefix=prefix,
name=num*'a',
))
got = bucket.list()
got = list(got)
eq(got, [])
# AWS does not enforce all documented bucket restrictions.
# http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AmazonS3/2006-03-01/dev/index.html?BucketRestrictions.html
@attr('fails_on_aws')
def test_bucket_create_naming_bad_ip():
check_bad_bucket_name('192.168.5.123')
def test_bucket_create_naming_bad_punctuation():
# characters other than [a-zA-Z0-9._-]
check_bad_bucket_name('alpha!soup')
# test_bucket_create_naming_dns_* are valid but not recommended
def test_bucket_create_naming_dns_underscore():
check_good_bucket_name('foo_bar')
def test_bucket_create_naming_dns_long():
assert len(prefix) < 50
num = 100 - len(prefix)
check_good_bucket_name(num * 'a')
def test_bucket_create_naming_dns_dash_at_end():
check_good_bucket_name('foo-')
def test_bucket_create_naming_dns_dot_dot():
check_good_bucket_name('foo..bar')
def test_bucket_create_naming_dns_dot_dash():
check_good_bucket_name('foo.-bar')
def test_bucket_create_naming_dns_dash_dot():
check_good_bucket_name('foo-.bar')
def test_bucket_create_exists():
bucket = get_new_bucket()
# REST idempotency means this should be a nop
s3.main.create_bucket(bucket.name)
def test_bucket_create_exists_nonowner():
# Names are shared across a global namespace. As such, no two
# users can create a bucket with that same name.
bucket = get_new_bucket()
e = assert_raises(boto.exception.S3CreateError, s3.alt.create_bucket, bucket.name)
eq(e.status, 409)
eq(e.reason, 'Conflict')
eq(e.error_code, 'BucketAlreadyExists')
def test_bucket_delete_nonowner():
bucket = get_new_bucket()
check_access_denied(s3.alt.delete_bucket, bucket.name)
def test_bucket_acl_default():
bucket = get_new_bucket()
policy = bucket.get_acl()
print repr(policy)
eq(policy.owner.type, None)
eq(policy.owner.id, config.main.user_id)
eq(policy.owner.display_name, config.main.display_name)
check_grants(
policy.acl.grants,
[
dict(
permission='FULL_CONTROL',
id=policy.owner.id,
display_name=policy.owner.display_name,
uri=None,
email_address=None,
type='CanonicalUser',
),
],
)
def test_bucket_acl_canned():
bucket = get_new_bucket()
# Since it defaults to private, set it public-read first
bucket.set_acl('public-read')
policy = bucket.get_acl()
print repr(policy)
check_grants(
policy.acl.grants,
[
dict(
permission='FULL_CONTROL',
id=policy.owner.id,
display_name=policy.owner.display_name,
uri=None,
email_address=None,
type='CanonicalUser',
),
dict(
permission='READ',
id=None,
display_name=None,
uri='http://acs.amazonaws.com/groups/global/AllUsers',
email_address=None,
type='Group',
),
],
)
# Then back to private.
bucket.set_acl('private')
policy = bucket.get_acl()
print repr(policy)
check_grants(
policy.acl.grants,
[
dict(
permission='FULL_CONTROL',
id=policy.owner.id,
display_name=policy.owner.display_name,
uri=None,
email_address=None,
type='CanonicalUser',
),
],
)
def test_bucket_acl_canned_private_to_private():
bucket = get_new_bucket()
bucket.set_acl('private')
def test_bucket_acl_grant_userid():
bucket = get_new_bucket()
# add alt user
policy = bucket.get_acl()
policy.acl.add_user_grant('FULL_CONTROL', config.alt.user_id)
bucket.set_acl(policy)
policy = bucket.get_acl()
check_grants(
policy.acl.grants,
[
dict(
permission='FULL_CONTROL',
id=policy.owner.id,
display_name=policy.owner.display_name,
uri=None,
email_address=None,
type='CanonicalUser',
),
dict(
permission='FULL_CONTROL',
id=config.alt.user_id,
display_name=config.alt.display_name,
uri=None,
email_address=None,
type='CanonicalUser',
),
],
)
# alt user can write
bucket2 = s3.alt.get_bucket(bucket.name)
key = bucket2.new_key('foo')
key.set_contents_from_string('bar')
def test_bucket_acl_grant_email():
bucket = get_new_bucket()
# add alt user
policy = bucket.get_acl()
policy.acl.add_email_grant('FULL_CONTROL', config.alt.email)
bucket.set_acl(policy)
policy = bucket.get_acl()
check_grants(
policy.acl.grants,
[
dict(
permission='FULL_CONTROL',
id=policy.owner.id,
display_name=policy.owner.display_name,
uri=None,
email_address=None,
type='CanonicalUser',
),
dict(
permission='FULL_CONTROL',
id=config.alt.user_id,
display_name=config.alt.display_name,
uri=None,
email_address=None,
type='CanonicalUser',
),
],
)
# alt user can write
bucket2 = s3.alt.get_bucket(bucket.name)
key = bucket2.new_key('foo')
key.set_contents_from_string('bar')
def test_bucket_acl_grant_email_notexist():
# behavior not documented by amazon
bucket = get_new_bucket()
policy = bucket.get_acl()
policy.acl.add_email_grant('FULL_CONTROL', NONEXISTENT_EMAIL)
e = assert_raises(boto.exception.S3ResponseError, bucket.set_acl, policy)
eq(e.status, 400)
eq(e.reason, 'Bad Request')
eq(e.error_code, 'UnresolvableGrantByEmailAddress')
def test_bucket_acl_revoke_all():
# revoke all access, including the owner's access
bucket = get_new_bucket()
policy = bucket.get_acl()
policy.acl.grants = []
bucket.set_acl(policy)
policy = bucket.get_acl()
eq(len(policy.acl.grants), 0)
# TODO rgw log_bucket.set_as_logging_target() gives 403 Forbidden
# http://tracker.newdream.net/issues/984
@attr('fails_on_rgw')
def test_logging_toggle():
bucket = get_new_bucket()
log_bucket = s3.main.create_bucket(bucket.name + '-log')
log_bucket.set_as_logging_target()
bucket.enable_logging(target_bucket=log_bucket, target_prefix=bucket.name)
bucket.disable_logging()
def _setup_access(bucket_acl, object_acl):
"""
Simple test fixture: create a bucket with given ACL, with objects:
- a: given ACL
- b: default ACL
"""
obj = bunch.Bunch()
bucket = get_new_bucket()
bucket.set_acl(bucket_acl)
obj.a = bucket.new_key('foo')
obj.a.set_contents_from_string('foocontent')
obj.a.set_acl(object_acl)
obj.b = bucket.new_key('bar')
obj.b.set_contents_from_string('barcontent')
obj.bucket2 = s3.alt.get_bucket(bucket.name, validate=False)
obj.a2 = obj.bucket2.new_key(obj.a.name)
obj.b2 = obj.bucket2.new_key(obj.b.name)
obj.new = obj.bucket2.new_key('new')
return obj
def get_bucket_key_names(bucket):
return frozenset(k.name for k in bucket.list())
def test_access_bucket_private_object_private():
# all the test_access_* tests follow this template
obj = _setup_access(bucket_acl='private', object_acl='private')
# acled object read fail
check_access_denied(obj.a2.get_contents_as_string)
# acled object write fail
check_access_denied(obj.a2.set_contents_from_string, 'barcontent')
# default object read fail
check_access_denied(obj.b2.get_contents_as_string)
# default object write fail
check_access_denied(obj.b2.set_contents_from_string, 'baroverwrite')
# bucket read fail
check_access_denied(get_bucket_key_names, obj.bucket2)
# bucket write fail
check_access_denied(obj.new.set_contents_from_string, 'newcontent')
def test_access_bucket_private_object_publicread():
obj = _setup_access(bucket_acl='private', object_acl='public-read')
eq(obj.a2.get_contents_as_string(), 'foocontent')
check_access_denied(obj.a2.set_contents_from_string, 'foooverwrite')
check_access_denied(obj.b2.get_contents_as_string)
check_access_denied(obj.b2.set_contents_from_string, 'baroverwrite')
check_access_denied(get_bucket_key_names, obj.bucket2)
check_access_denied(obj.new.set_contents_from_string, 'newcontent')
def test_access_bucket_private_object_publicreadwrite():
obj = _setup_access(bucket_acl='private', object_acl='public-read-write')
eq(obj.a2.get_contents_as_string(), 'foocontent')
### TODO: it seems AWS denies this write, even when we expected it
### to complete; as it is unclear what the actual desired behavior
### is (the docs are somewhat unclear), we'll just codify current
### AWS behavior, at least for now.
# obj.a2.set_contents_from_string('foooverwrite')
check_access_denied(obj.a2.set_contents_from_string, 'foooverwrite')
check_access_denied(obj.b2.get_contents_as_string)
check_access_denied(obj.b2.set_contents_from_string, 'baroverwrite')
check_access_denied(get_bucket_key_names, obj.bucket2)
check_access_denied(obj.new.set_contents_from_string, 'newcontent')
def test_access_bucket_publicread_object_private():
obj = _setup_access(bucket_acl='public-read', object_acl='private')
check_access_denied(obj.a2.get_contents_as_string)
check_access_denied(obj.a2.set_contents_from_string, 'barcontent')
### TODO: i don't understand why this gets denied, but codifying what
### AWS does
# eq(obj.b2.get_contents_as_string(), 'barcontent')
check_access_denied(obj.b2.get_contents_as_string)
check_access_denied(obj.b2.set_contents_from_string, 'baroverwrite')
eq(get_bucket_key_names(obj.bucket2), frozenset(['foo', 'bar']))
check_access_denied(obj.new.set_contents_from_string, 'newcontent')
def test_access_bucket_publicread_object_publicread():
obj = _setup_access(bucket_acl='public-read', object_acl='public-read')
eq(obj.a2.get_contents_as_string(), 'foocontent')
check_access_denied(obj.a2.set_contents_from_string, 'foooverwrite')
### TODO: i don't understand why this gets denied, but codifying what
### AWS does
# eq(obj.b2.get_contents_as_string(), 'barcontent')
check_access_denied(obj.b2.get_contents_as_string)
check_access_denied(obj.b2.set_contents_from_string, 'baroverwrite')
eq(get_bucket_key_names(obj.bucket2), frozenset(['foo', 'bar']))
check_access_denied(obj.new.set_contents_from_string, 'newcontent')
def test_access_bucket_publicread_object_publicreadwrite():
obj = _setup_access(bucket_acl='public-read', object_acl='public-read-write')
eq(obj.a2.get_contents_as_string(), 'foocontent')
### TODO: it seems AWS denies this write, even when we expected it
### to complete; as it is unclear what the actual desired behavior
### is (the docs are somewhat unclear), we'll just codify current
### AWS behavior, at least for now.
# obj.a2.set_contents_from_string('foooverwrite')
check_access_denied(obj.a2.set_contents_from_string, 'foooverwrite')
### TODO: i don't understand why this gets denied, but codifying what
### AWS does
# eq(obj.b2.get_contents_as_string(), 'barcontent')
check_access_denied(obj.b2.get_contents_as_string)
check_access_denied(obj.b2.set_contents_from_string, 'baroverwrite')
eq(get_bucket_key_names(obj.bucket2), frozenset(['foo', 'bar']))
check_access_denied(obj.new.set_contents_from_string, 'newcontent')
def test_access_bucket_publicreadwrite_object_private():
obj = _setup_access(bucket_acl='public-read-write', object_acl='private')
check_access_denied(obj.a2.get_contents_as_string)
obj.a2.set_contents_from_string('barcontent')
### TODO: i don't understand why this gets denied, but codifying what
### AWS does
# eq(obj.b2.get_contents_as_string(), 'barcontent')
check_access_denied(obj.b2.get_contents_as_string)
obj.b2.set_contents_from_string('baroverwrite')
eq(get_bucket_key_names(obj.bucket2), frozenset(['foo', 'bar']))
obj.new.set_contents_from_string('newcontent')
def test_access_bucket_publicreadwrite_object_publicread():
obj = _setup_access(bucket_acl='public-read-write', object_acl='public-read')
eq(obj.a2.get_contents_as_string(), 'foocontent')
obj.a2.set_contents_from_string('barcontent')
### TODO: i don't understand why this gets denied, but codifying what
### AWS does
# eq(obj.b2.get_contents_as_string(), 'barcontent')
check_access_denied(obj.b2.get_contents_as_string)
obj.b2.set_contents_from_string('baroverwrite')
eq(get_bucket_key_names(obj.bucket2), frozenset(['foo', 'bar']))
obj.new.set_contents_from_string('newcontent')
def test_access_bucket_publicreadwrite_object_publicreadwrite():
obj = _setup_access(bucket_acl='public-read-write', object_acl='public-read-write')
eq(obj.a2.get_contents_as_string(), 'foocontent')
obj.a2.set_contents_from_string('foooverwrite')
### TODO: i don't understand why this gets denied, but codifying what
### AWS does
# eq(obj.b2.get_contents_as_string(), 'barcontent')
check_access_denied(obj.b2.get_contents_as_string)
obj.b2.set_contents_from_string('baroverwrite')
eq(get_bucket_key_names(obj.bucket2), frozenset(['foo', 'bar']))
obj.new.set_contents_from_string('newcontent')
def test_object_set_valid_acl():
XML_1 = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><AccessControlPolicy xmlns="http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/"><Owner><ID>' + config.main.user_id + '</ID></Owner><AccessControlList><Grant><Grantee xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:type="CanonicalUser"><ID>' + config.main.user_id + '</ID></Grantee><Permission>FULL_CONTROL</Permission></Grant></AccessControlList></AccessControlPolicy>'
bucket = get_new_bucket()
key = bucket.new_key('foo')
key.set_contents_from_string('bar')
key.set_xml_acl(XML_1)
def test_object_giveaway():
obj = _setup_access(bucket_acl='public-read', object_acl='public-read-write')
CORRECT_ACL = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><AccessControlPolicy xmlns="http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/"><Owner><ID>' + config.main.user_id + '</ID></Owner><AccessControlList><Grant><Grantee xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:type="CanonicalUser"><ID>' + config.main.user_id + '</ID></Grantee><Permission>FULL_CONTROL</Permission></Grant></AccessControlList></AccessControlPolicy>'
WRONG_ACL = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><AccessControlPolicy xmlns="http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/"><Owner><ID>' + config.alt.user_id + '</ID></Owner><AccessControlList><Grant><Grantee xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:type="CanonicalUser"><ID>' + config.alt.user_id + '</ID></Grantee><Permission>FULL_CONTROL</Permission></Grant></AccessControlList></AccessControlPolicy>'
#try:
bucket = get_new_bucket()
key = bucket.new_key('foo')
key.set_contents_from_string('bar')
key.set_xml_acl(CORRECT_ACL)
try:
key.set_xml_acl(WRONG_ACL)
raise RuntimeError("S3 implementation allowed us to give away an object!")
except boto.exception.S3ResponseError, e:
pass