diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 09a098502..e2cd2cdac 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ require (
 	git.frostfs.info/TrueCloudLab/zapjournald v0.0.0-20240124114243-cb2e66427d02
 	github.com/cheggaaa/pb v1.0.29
 	github.com/chzyer/readline v1.5.1
+	github.com/cockroachdb/pebble v1.1.1
 	github.com/flynn-archive/go-shlex v0.0.0-20150515145356-3f9db97f8568
 	github.com/go-pkgz/expirable-cache/v3 v3.0.0
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
@@ -55,11 +56,17 @@ require (
 
 require (
 	git.frostfs.info/TrueCloudLab/rfc6979 v0.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/DataDog/zstd v1.4.5 // indirect
 	github.com/antlr4-go/antlr/v4 v4.13.0 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/bits-and-blooms/bitset v1.13.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/cockroachdb/errors v1.11.3 // indirect
+	github.com/cockroachdb/fifo v0.0.0-20240606204812-0bbfbd93a7ce // indirect
+	github.com/cockroachdb/logtags v0.0.0-20230118201751-21c54148d20b // indirect
+	github.com/cockroachdb/redact v1.1.5 // indirect
+	github.com/cockroachdb/tokenbucket v0.0.0-20230807174530-cc333fc44b06 // indirect
 	github.com/consensys/bavard v0.1.13 // indirect
 	github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto v0.12.2-0.20231222162921-eb75782795d2 // indirect
 	github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.4 // indirect
@@ -67,9 +74,11 @@ require (
 	github.com/davidmz/go-pageant v1.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4 v4.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.7.0 // indirect
+	github.com/getsentry/sentry-go v0.27.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-fed/httpsig v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.1 // indirect
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-middleware/providers/prometheus v1.0.0 // indirect
@@ -83,6 +92,8 @@ require (
 	github.com/josharian/intern v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.6 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/reedsolomon v1.12.1 // indirect
+	github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.7 // indirect
 	github.com/mailru/easyjson v0.7.7 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.15 // indirect
@@ -98,11 +109,13 @@ require (
 	github.com/nspcc-dev/neo-go/pkg/interop v0.0.0-20240521091047-78685785716d // indirect
 	github.com/nspcc-dev/rfc6979 v0.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/common v0.48.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.12.0 // indirect
 	github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.4 // indirect
+	github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.11.0 // indirect
 	github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spaolacci/murmur3 v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/afero v1.11.0 // indirect
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index 1034ff61f..02ad01962 100644
Binary files a/go.sum and b/go.sum differ
diff --git a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/children.go b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/children.go
index acd367951..a1889d911 100644
--- a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/children.go
+++ b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/children.go
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ func (db *DB) GetChildren(ctx context.Context, addresses []oid.Address) (map[oid
 	result := make(map[oid.Address][]oid.Address, len(addresses))
 
 	buffer := make([]byte, bucketKeySize)
-	err := db.boltDB.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	err := db.database.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		for _, addr := range addresses {
 			if _, found := result[addr]; found {
 				continue
diff --git a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/containers.go b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/containers.go
index 472b2affc..5fae1f72e 100644
--- a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/containers.go
+++ b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/containers.go
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ func (db *DB) Containers(ctx context.Context) (list []cid.ID, err error) {
 		return nil, ErrDegradedMode
 	}
 
-	err = db.boltDB.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	err = db.database.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		list, err = db.containers(tx)
 
 		return err
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ func (db *DB) ContainerSize(id cid.ID) (size uint64, err error) {
 		return 0, ErrDegradedMode
 	}
 
-	err = db.boltDB.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	err = db.database.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		size, err = db.containerSize(tx, id)
 
 		return err
diff --git a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/control.go b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/control.go
index 891a1e9b2..0e280a5f6 100644
--- a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/control.go
+++ b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/control.go
@@ -70,17 +70,17 @@ func (db *DB) openDB(mode mode.Mode) error {
 func (db *DB) openBolt() error {
 	var err error
 
-	db.boltDB, err = bbolt.Open(db.info.Path, db.info.Permission, db.boltOptions)
+	db.database, err = bbolt.Open(db.info.Path, db.info.Permission, db.boltOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("can't open boltDB database: %w", err)
 	}
-	db.boltDB.MaxBatchDelay = db.boltBatchDelay
-	db.boltDB.MaxBatchSize = db.boltBatchSize
+	db.database.MaxBatchDelay = db.boltBatchDelay
+	db.database.MaxBatchSize = db.boltBatchSize
 
 	db.log.Debug(logs.MetabaseOpenedBoltDBInstanceForMetabase)
 
 	db.log.Debug(logs.MetabaseCheckingMetabaseVersion)
-	return db.boltDB.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	return db.database.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		// The safest way to check if the metabase is fresh is to check if it has no buckets.
 		// However, shard info can be present. So here we check that the number of buckets is
 		// at most 1.
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ func (db *DB) init(reset bool) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	return db.boltDB.Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	return db.database.Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		var err error
 		if !reset {
 			// Normal open, check version and update if not initialized.
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ func (db *DB) SyncCounters() error {
 		return ErrReadOnlyMode
 	}
 
-	return metaerr.Wrap(db.boltDB.Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	return metaerr.Wrap(db.database.Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		return syncCounter(tx, true)
 	}))
 }
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ func (db *DB) SyncCounters() error {
 // and reports metabase metric.
 func (db *DB) Close() error {
 	var err error
-	if db.boltDB != nil {
+	if db.database != nil {
 		err = db.close()
 	}
 	if err == nil {
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ func (db *DB) Close() error {
 }
 
 func (db *DB) close() error {
-	return metaerr.Wrap(db.boltDB.Close())
+	return metaerr.Wrap(db.database.Close())
 }
 
 // Reload reloads part of the configuration.
diff --git a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/counter.go b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/counter.go
index 275099ff2..da3cfae26 100644
--- a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/counter.go
+++ b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/counter.go
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ func (db *DB) ObjectCounters() (cc ObjectCounters, err error) {
 		return ObjectCounters{}, ErrDegradedMode
 	}
 
-	err = db.boltDB.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	err = db.database.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		b := tx.Bucket(shardInfoBucket)
 		if b != nil {
 			data := b.Get(objectPhyCounterKey)
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ func (db *DB) containerCountersNextBatch(lastKey []byte, f func(id cid.ID, entit
 	counter := 0
 	const batchSize = 1000
 
-	err := db.boltDB.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	err := db.database.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		b := tx.Bucket(containerCounterBucketName)
 		if b == nil {
 			return ErrInterruptIterator
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ func (db *DB) ContainerCount(ctx context.Context, id cid.ID) (ObjectCounters, er
 
 	var result ObjectCounters
 
-	err := db.boltDB.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	err := db.database.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		b := tx.Bucket(containerCounterBucketName)
 		key := make([]byte, cidSize)
 		id.Encode(key)
@@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ func (db *DB) containerSizesNextBatch(lastKey []byte, f func(cid.ID, uint64)) (b
 	counter := 0
 	const batchSize = 1000
 
-	err := db.boltDB.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	err := db.database.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		b := tx.Bucket(containerVolumeBucketName)
 		c := b.Cursor()
 		var key, value []byte
@@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ func (db *DB) DeleteContainerSize(ctx context.Context, id cid.ID) error {
 		return ErrReadOnlyMode
 	}
 
-	err := db.boltDB.Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	err := db.database.Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		b := tx.Bucket(containerVolumeBucketName)
 
 		key := make([]byte, cidSize)
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ func (db *DB) DeleteContainerCount(ctx context.Context, id cid.ID) error {
 		return ErrReadOnlyMode
 	}
 
-	err := db.boltDB.Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	err := db.database.Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		b := tx.Bucket(containerCounterBucketName)
 
 		key := make([]byte, cidSize)
diff --git a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/db.go b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/db.go
index 1f444a3ef..21f5d34c2 100644
--- a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/db.go
+++ b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/db.go
@@ -4,25 +4,25 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/binary"
 	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
 	"io/fs"
 	"os"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
-	"time"
 
 	v2object "git.frostfs.info/TrueCloudLab/frostfs-api-go/v2/object"
 	"git.frostfs.info/TrueCloudLab/frostfs-node/pkg/local_object_storage/shard/mode"
 	"git.frostfs.info/TrueCloudLab/frostfs-node/pkg/util/logger"
 	objectSDK "git.frostfs.info/TrueCloudLab/frostfs-sdk-go/object"
+	"github.com/cockroachdb/pebble"
 	"github.com/mr-tron/base58"
-	"go.etcd.io/bbolt"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 )
 
 type matcher struct {
 	matchSlow   func(string, []byte, string) bool
-	matchBucket func(*bbolt.Bucket, string, string, func([]byte, []byte) error) error
+	matchBucket func(pebble.Reader, string, string, func([]byte, []byte) error) error
 }
 
 // EpochState is an interface that provides access to the
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ type DB struct {
 
 	matchers map[objectSDK.SearchMatchType]matcher
 
-	boltDB *bbolt.DB
+	database *pebble.DB
 
 	initialized bool
 }
@@ -50,10 +50,7 @@ type DB struct {
 type Option func(*cfg)
 
 type cfg struct {
-	boltOptions *bbolt.Options // optional
-
-	boltBatchSize  int
-	boltBatchDelay time.Duration
+	dbOptions *pebble.Options // optional
 
 	info Info
 
@@ -68,10 +65,9 @@ func defaultCfg() *cfg {
 		info: Info{
 			Permission: os.ModePerm, // 0777
 		},
-		boltBatchDelay: bbolt.DefaultMaxBatchDelay,
-		boltBatchSize:  bbolt.DefaultMaxBatchSize,
-		log:            &logger.Logger{Logger: zap.L()},
-		metrics:        &noopMetrics{},
+		log:       &logger.Logger{Logger: zap.L()},
+		metrics:   &noopMetrics{},
+		dbOptions: &pebble.Options{},
 	}
 }
 
@@ -186,17 +182,18 @@ func stringEqualMatcher(key string, objVal []byte, filterVal string) bool {
 	return stringifyValue(key, objVal) == filterVal
 }
 
-func stringEqualMatcherBucket(b *bbolt.Bucket, fKey string, fValue string, f func([]byte, []byte) error) error {
+func stringEqualMatcherBucket(r pebble.Reader, fKey string, fValue string, f func([]byte, []byte) error) error {
 	// Ignore the second return value because we check for strict equality.
 	val, _, ok := destringifyValue(fKey, fValue, false)
 	if !ok {
 		return nil
 	}
-	if data := b.Get(val); data != nil {
-		return f(val, data)
+	data, err := getSafe(r, val)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
-	if b.Bucket(val) != nil {
-		return f(val, nil)
+	if data != nil {
+		return f(val, data)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -205,22 +202,33 @@ func stringNotEqualMatcher(key string, objVal []byte, filterVal string) bool {
 	return stringifyValue(key, objVal) != filterVal
 }
 
-func stringNotEqualMatcherBucket(b *bbolt.Bucket, fKey string, fValue string, f func([]byte, []byte) error) error {
+func stringNotEqualMatcherBucket(r pebble.Reader, fKey string, fValue string, f func([]byte, []byte) error) error {
 	// Ignore the second return value because we check for strict inequality.
 	val, _, ok := destringifyValue(fKey, fValue, false)
-	return b.ForEach(func(k, v []byte) error {
-		if !ok || !bytes.Equal(val, k) {
-			return f(k, v)
-		}
-		return nil
+	it, err := r.NewIter(&pebble.IterOptions{
+		SkipPoint: func(k []byte) bool {
+			return ok && bytes.Equal(val, k)
+		},
+		OnlyReadGuaranteedDurable: true,
 	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for v := it.First(); v; v = it.Next() {
+		if err := f(it.Key(), it.Value()); err != nil {
+			err = errors.Join(err, it.Close())
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return it.Close()
 }
 
 func stringCommonPrefixMatcher(key string, objVal []byte, filterVal string) bool {
 	return strings.HasPrefix(stringifyValue(key, objVal), filterVal)
 }
 
-func stringCommonPrefixMatcherBucket(b *bbolt.Bucket, fKey string, fVal string, f func([]byte, []byte) error) error {
+func stringCommonPrefixMatcherBucket(r pebble.Reader, fKey string, fVal string, f func([]byte, []byte) error) error {
 	val, checkLast, ok := destringifyValue(fKey, fVal, true)
 	if !ok {
 		return nil
@@ -232,30 +240,48 @@ func stringCommonPrefixMatcherBucket(b *bbolt.Bucket, fKey string, fVal string,
 	}
 
 	if len(val) == 0 {
-		// empty common prefix, all the objects
-		// satisfy that filter
-		return b.ForEach(f)
+		it, err := r.NewIter(&pebble.IterOptions{
+			OnlyReadGuaranteedDurable: true,
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		for v := it.First(); v; v = it.Next() {
+			if err := f(it.Key(), it.Value()); err != nil {
+				err = errors.Join(err, it.Close())
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		return it.Close()
 	}
 
-	c := b.Cursor()
-	for k, v := c.Seek(val); bytes.HasPrefix(k, prefix); k, v = c.Next() {
-		if checkLast && (len(k) == len(prefix) || k[len(prefix)]>>4 != val[len(val)-1]) {
+	it, err := r.NewIter(&pebble.IterOptions{
+		OnlyReadGuaranteedDurable: true,
+		LowerBound:                prefix,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for v := it.First(); v && bytes.HasPrefix(it.Key(), prefix); v = it.Next() {
+		if checkLast && (len(it.Key()) == len(prefix) || it.Key()[len(prefix)]>>4 != val[len(val)-1]) {
 			// If the last byte doesn't match, this means the prefix does no longer match,
 			// so we need to break here.
 			break
 		}
-		if err := f(k, v); err != nil {
+
+		if err := f(it.Key(), it.Value()); err != nil {
+			err = errors.Join(err, it.Close())
 			return err
 		}
 	}
-	return nil
+	return it.Close()
 }
 
 func unknownMatcher(_ string, _ []byte, _ string) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
-func unknownMatcherBucket(_ *bbolt.Bucket, _ string, _ string, _ func([]byte, []byte) error) error {
+func unknownMatcherBucket(_ pebble.Reader, _ string, _ string, _ func([]byte, []byte) error) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -307,13 +333,6 @@ func WithLogger(l *logger.Logger) Option {
 	}
 }
 
-// WithBoltDBOptions returns option to specify BoltDB options.
-func WithBoltDBOptions(opts *bbolt.Options) Option {
-	return func(c *cfg) {
-		c.boltOptions = opts
-	}
-}
-
 // WithPath returns option to set system path to Metabase.
 func WithPath(path string) Option {
 	return func(c *cfg) {
@@ -329,28 +348,6 @@ func WithPermissions(perm fs.FileMode) Option {
 	}
 }
 
-// WithMaxBatchSize returns option to specify maximum concurrent operations
-// to be processed in a single transactions.
-// This option is missing from `bbolt.Options` but is set right after DB is open.
-func WithMaxBatchSize(s int) Option {
-	return func(c *cfg) {
-		if s != 0 {
-			c.boltBatchSize = s
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// WithMaxBatchDelay returns option to specify maximum time to wait before
-// the batch of concurrent transactions is processed.
-// This option is missing from `bbolt.Options` but is set right after DB is open.
-func WithMaxBatchDelay(d time.Duration) Option {
-	return func(c *cfg) {
-		if d != 0 {
-			c.boltBatchDelay = d
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 // WithEpochState return option to specify a source of current epoch height.
 func WithEpochState(s EpochState) Option {
 	return func(c *cfg) {
diff --git a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/delete.go b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/delete.go
index ae10564a8..452b0c563 100644
--- a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/delete.go
+++ b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/delete.go
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ func (db *DB) Delete(ctx context.Context, prm DeletePrm) (DeleteRes, error) {
 	var err error
 	var res DeleteRes
 
-	err = db.boltDB.Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	err = db.database.Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		res, err = db.deleteGroup(tx, prm.addrs)
 		return err
 	})
diff --git a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/exists.go b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/exists.go
index 153d92110..de52fe71d 100644
--- a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/exists.go
+++ b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/exists.go
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ func (db *DB) Exists(ctx context.Context, prm ExistsPrm) (res ExistsRes, err err
 
 	currEpoch := db.epochState.CurrentEpoch()
 
-	err = db.boltDB.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	err = db.database.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		res.exists, res.locked, err = db.exists(tx, prm.addr, prm.paddr, currEpoch)
 
 		return err
diff --git a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/expired.go b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/expired.go
index aa2cb6f20..f5ff131b6 100644
--- a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/expired.go
+++ b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/expired.go
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ func (db *DB) FilterExpired(ctx context.Context, epoch uint64, addresses []oid.A
 		containerIDToObjectIDs[addr.Container()] = append(containerIDToObjectIDs[addr.Container()], addr.Object())
 	}
 
-	err := db.boltDB.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	err := db.database.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		for containerID, objectIDs := range containerIDToObjectIDs {
 			select {
 			case <-ctx.Done():
diff --git a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/get.go b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/get.go
index d9acd4ce2..8df92d871 100644
--- a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/get.go
+++ b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/get.go
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ func (db *DB) Get(ctx context.Context, prm GetPrm) (res GetRes, err error) {
 
 	currEpoch := db.epochState.CurrentEpoch()
 
-	err = db.boltDB.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	err = db.database.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		key := make([]byte, addressKeySize)
 		res.hdr, err = db.get(tx, prm.addr, key, true, prm.raw, currEpoch)
 
diff --git a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/graveyard.go b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/graveyard.go
index 80d40fb78..e68960ea4 100644
--- a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/graveyard.go
+++ b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/graveyard.go
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ func (db *DB) IterateOverGarbage(ctx context.Context, p GarbageIterationPrm) err
 		return ErrDegradedMode
 	}
 
-	err := metaerr.Wrap(db.boltDB.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	err := metaerr.Wrap(db.database.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		return db.iterateDeletedObj(tx, gcHandler{p.h}, p.offset)
 	}))
 	success = err == nil
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ func (db *DB) IterateOverGraveyard(ctx context.Context, p GraveyardIterationPrm)
 		return ErrDegradedMode
 	}
 
-	return metaerr.Wrap(db.boltDB.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	return metaerr.Wrap(db.database.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		return db.iterateDeletedObj(tx, graveyardHandler{p.h}, p.offset)
 	}))
 }
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ func (db *DB) DropGraves(ctx context.Context, tss []TombstonedObject) error {
 
 	buf := make([]byte, addressKeySize)
 
-	return db.boltDB.Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	return db.database.Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		bkt := tx.Bucket(graveyardBucketName)
 		if bkt == nil {
 			return nil
diff --git a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/inhume.go b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/inhume.go
index c265fb217..b1574f6f2 100644
--- a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/inhume.go
+++ b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/inhume.go
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ func (db *DB) Inhume(ctx context.Context, prm InhumePrm) (InhumeRes, error) {
 		inhumedByCnrID: make(map[cid.ID]ObjectCounters),
 	}
 	currEpoch := db.epochState.CurrentEpoch()
-	err := db.boltDB.Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	err := db.database.Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		return db.inhumeTx(tx, currEpoch, prm, &res)
 	})
 	success = err == nil
diff --git a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/iterators.go b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/iterators.go
index 7b60b7d50..b259e0aa1 100644
--- a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/iterators.go
+++ b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/iterators.go
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ func (db *DB) IterateExpired(ctx context.Context, epoch uint64, h ExpiredObjectH
 		return ErrDegradedMode
 	}
 
-	err := metaerr.Wrap(db.boltDB.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	err := metaerr.Wrap(db.database.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		return db.iterateExpired(tx, epoch, h)
 	}))
 	success = err == nil
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ func (db *DB) IterateCoveredByTombstones(ctx context.Context, tss map[string]oid
 		return ErrDegradedMode
 	}
 
-	return db.boltDB.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	return db.database.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		return db.iterateCoveredByTombstones(tx, tss, h)
 	})
 }
diff --git a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/list.go b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/list.go
index b4326a92c..ac5342a1b 100644
--- a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/list.go
+++ b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/list.go
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ func (db *DB) ListWithCursor(ctx context.Context, prm ListPrm) (res ListRes, err
 
 	result := make([]objectcore.Info, 0, prm.count)
 
-	err = db.boltDB.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	err = db.database.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		res.addrList, res.cursor, err = db.listWithCursor(tx, result, prm.count, prm.cursor)
 		return err
 	})
diff --git a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/lock.go b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/lock.go
index 732ba426d..e8e724dd1 100644
--- a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/lock.go
+++ b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/lock.go
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ func (db *DB) lockInternal(locked []oid.ID, cnr cid.ID, locker oid.ID) error {
 	}
 	key := make([]byte, cidSize)
 
-	return metaerr.Wrap(db.boltDB.Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	return metaerr.Wrap(db.database.Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		if firstIrregularObjectType(tx, cnr, bucketKeysLocked...) != objectSDK.TypeRegular {
 			return logicerr.Wrap(new(apistatus.LockNonRegularObject))
 		}
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ func (db *DB) FreeLockedBy(lockers []oid.Address) ([]oid.Address, error) {
 
 	var unlockedObjects []oid.Address
 
-	if err := db.boltDB.Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	if err := db.database.Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		for i := range lockers {
 			unlocked, err := freePotentialLocks(tx, lockers[i].Container(), lockers[i].Object())
 			if err != nil {
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ func (db *DB) IsLocked(ctx context.Context, prm IsLockedPrm) (res IsLockedRes, e
 	if db.mode.NoMetabase() {
 		return res, ErrDegradedMode
 	}
-	err = metaerr.Wrap(db.boltDB.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	err = metaerr.Wrap(db.database.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		res.locked = objectLocked(tx, prm.addr.Container(), prm.addr.Object())
 		return nil
 	}))
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ func (db *DB) GetLocked(ctx context.Context, addr oid.Address) (res []oid.ID, er
 	if db.mode.NoMetabase() {
 		return res, ErrDegradedMode
 	}
-	err = metaerr.Wrap(db.boltDB.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	err = metaerr.Wrap(db.database.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		res, err = getLocked(tx, addr.Container(), addr.Object())
 		return nil
 	}))
diff --git a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/mode.go b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/mode.go
index 2032ed6b2..c49437f97 100644
--- a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/mode.go
+++ b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/mode.go
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ func (db *DB) SetMode(m mode.Mode) error {
 	}
 
 	if m.NoMetabase() {
-		db.boltDB = nil
+		db.database = nil
 	} else {
 		err := db.openDB(m)
 		if err == nil && !m.ReadOnly() {
diff --git a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/mode_test.go b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/mode_test.go
index 1b9f60055..7286a9db3 100644
--- a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/mode_test.go
+++ b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/mode_test.go
@@ -24,14 +24,14 @@ func Test_Mode(t *testing.T) {
 	}...)
 
 	require.NoError(t, bdb.Open(context.Background(), mode.DegradedReadOnly))
-	require.Nil(t, bdb.boltDB)
+	require.Nil(t, bdb.database)
 	require.NoError(t, bdb.Init())
-	require.Nil(t, bdb.boltDB)
+	require.Nil(t, bdb.database)
 	require.NoError(t, bdb.Close())
 
 	require.NoError(t, bdb.Open(context.Background(), mode.Degraded))
-	require.Nil(t, bdb.boltDB)
+	require.Nil(t, bdb.database)
 	require.NoError(t, bdb.Init())
-	require.Nil(t, bdb.boltDB)
+	require.Nil(t, bdb.database)
 	require.NoError(t, bdb.Close())
 }
diff --git a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/pebble.go b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/pebble.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d1cfda5c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/pebble.go
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package meta
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+
+	"github.com/cockroachdb/pebble"
+)
+
+func getSafe(r pebble.Reader, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	data, closer, err := r.Get(key)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, pebble.ErrNotFound) {
+			return nil, nil
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	result := bytes.Clone(data)
+	if err := closer.Close(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return result, nil
+}
diff --git a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/put.go b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/put.go
index f351cb485..8e15c6605 100644
--- a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/put.go
+++ b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/put.go
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ func (db *DB) Put(ctx context.Context, prm PutPrm) (res PutRes, err error) {
 
 	currEpoch := db.epochState.CurrentEpoch()
 
-	err = db.boltDB.Batch(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	err = db.database.Batch(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		var e error
 		res, e = db.put(tx, prm.obj, prm.id, nil, currEpoch)
 		return e
diff --git a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/reset_test.go b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/reset_test.go
index 66f5eefc6..61b6f31cb 100644
--- a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/reset_test.go
+++ b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/reset_test.go
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ func TestResetDropsContainerBuckets(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, db.Reset())
 
 	var bucketCount int
-	require.NoError(t, db.boltDB.Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	require.NoError(t, db.database.Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		return tx.ForEach(func(name []byte, b *bbolt.Bucket) error {
 			_, exists := mStaticBuckets[string(name)]
 			require.True(t, exists, "unexpected bucket:"+string(name))
diff --git a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/select.go b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/select.go
index 3a4d7a227..ff23350db 100644
--- a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/select.go
+++ b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/select.go
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ func (db *DB) Select(ctx context.Context, prm SelectPrm) (res SelectRes, err err
 
 	currEpoch := db.epochState.CurrentEpoch()
 
-	return res, metaerr.Wrap(db.boltDB.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	return res, metaerr.Wrap(db.database.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		res.addrList, err = db.selectObjects(tx, prm.cnr, prm.filters, currEpoch)
 		success = err == nil
 		return err
diff --git a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/shard_id.go b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/shard_id.go
index 88446494e..7d9c8b98e 100644
--- a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/shard_id.go
+++ b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/shard_id.go
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ func (db *DB) GetShardID(mode metamode.Mode) ([]byte, error) {
 // If id is missing, returns nil, nil.
 func (db *DB) readShardID() ([]byte, error) {
 	var id []byte
-	err := db.boltDB.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	err := db.database.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		b := tx.Bucket(shardInfoBucket)
 		if b != nil {
 			id = bytes.Clone(b.Get(shardIDKey))
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ func (db *DB) SetShardID(id []byte, mode metamode.Mode) error {
 
 // writeShardID writes shard id to db.
 func (db *DB) writeShardID(id []byte) error {
-	return metaerr.Wrap(db.boltDB.Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	return metaerr.Wrap(db.database.Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		b, err := tx.CreateBucketIfNotExists(shardInfoBucket)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
diff --git a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/storage_id.go b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/storage_id.go
index 6d620b41a..4ccb21eba 100644
--- a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/storage_id.go
+++ b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/storage_id.go
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ func (db *DB) StorageID(ctx context.Context, prm StorageIDPrm) (res StorageIDRes
 		return res, ErrDegradedMode
 	}
 
-	err = db.boltDB.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	err = db.database.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		res.id, err = db.storageID(tx, prm.addr)
 
 		return err
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ func (db *DB) UpdateStorageID(ctx context.Context, prm UpdateStorageIDPrm) (res
 		return res, ErrReadOnlyMode
 	}
 
-	err = db.boltDB.Batch(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	err = db.database.Batch(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		return setStorageID(tx, prm.addr, prm.id, true)
 	})
 	success = err == nil
diff --git a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/version_test.go b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/version_test.go
index b2af428ff..06b108392 100644
--- a/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/version_test.go
+++ b/pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/version_test.go
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ func TestVersion(t *testing.T) {
 			WithPermissions(0o600), WithEpochState(epochStateImpl{}))
 	}
 	check := func(t *testing.T, db *DB) {
-		require.NoError(t, db.boltDB.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+		require.NoError(t, db.database.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 			b := tx.Bucket(shardInfoBucket)
 			if b == nil {
 				return errors.New("shard info bucket not found")
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ func TestVersion(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("invalid version", func(t *testing.T) {
 		db := newDB(t)
 		require.NoError(t, db.Open(context.Background(), mode.ReadWrite))
-		require.NoError(t, db.boltDB.Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+		require.NoError(t, db.database.Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 			return updateVersion(tx, version+1)
 		}))
 		require.NoError(t, db.Close())