[#9999] objectstore: Put

Signed-off-by: Dmitrii Stepanov <d.stepanov@yadro.com>

cmd/frostfs-node/config.go

@@ -830,6 +830,8 @@ func (c *cfg) getObjectStoreOpts(shCfg shardCfg) []objectstore.Option {
 		objectstore.WithBlobPath(shCfg.objectStoreCfg.blobPath),
 		objectstore.WithMetaPath(shCfg.objectStoreCfg.metaPath),
 		objectstore.WithWalPath(shCfg.objectStoreCfg.walPath),
+		objectstore.WithEpochSource(c.cfgNetmap.state),
+		objectstore.WithLogger(c.log),
 	)
 	return result
 }

pkg/core/object/split_info.go

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+package object
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+
+	objectSDK "git.frostfs.info/TrueCloudLab/frostfs-sdk-go/object"
+)
+
+var ErrIncorrectRootObject = errors.New("invalid root object")
+
+// SplitInfoFromObject returns split info based on last or linkin object.
+// Otherwise returns nil, nil.
+func SplitInfoFromObject(obj *objectSDK.Object) (*objectSDK.SplitInfo, error) {
+	if obj.Parent() == nil {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	info := objectSDK.NewSplitInfo()
+	info.SetSplitID(obj.SplitID())
+
+	switch {
+	case IsLinkObject(obj):
+		id, ok := obj.ID()
+		if !ok {
+			return nil, errors.New("missing object ID")
+		}
+
+		info.SetLink(id)
+	case isLastObject(obj):
+		id, ok := obj.ID()
+		if !ok {
+			return nil, errors.New("missing object ID")
+		}
+
+		info.SetLastPart(id)
+	default:
+		return nil, ErrIncorrectRootObject // should never happen
+	}
+
+	return info, nil
+}
+
+// IsLinkObject returns true if object contains parent header and list
+// of children.
+func IsLinkObject(obj *objectSDK.Object) bool {
+	return len(obj.Children()) > 0 && obj.Parent() != nil
+}
+
+// isLastObject returns true if object contains only parent header without list
+// of children.
+func isLastObject(obj *objectSDK.Object) bool {
+	return len(obj.Children()) == 0 && obj.Parent() != nil
+}

pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/list.go

@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ func selectNFromBucket(bkt *bbolt.Bucket, // main bucket
 		var isLinkingObj bool
 		var ecInfo *objectcore.ECInfo
 		if objType == objectSDK.TypeRegular {
-			isLinkingObj = isLinkObject(&o)
+			isLinkingObj = objectcore.IsLinkObject(&o)
 			ecHeader := o.ECHeader()
 			if ecHeader != nil {
 				ecInfo = &objectcore.ECInfo{
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ func (db *DB) iterateOverObjectsInContainer(ctx context.Context, tx *bbolt.Tx, p
 			if err := o.Unmarshal(v); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
-			isLinkingObj = isLinkObject(&o)
+			isLinkingObj = objectcore.IsLinkObject(&o)
 			ecHeader := o.ECHeader()
 			if ecHeader != nil {
 				ecInfo = &objectcore.ECInfo{

pkg/local_object_storage/metabase/put.go

@@ -58,10 +58,7 @@ func (p *PutPrm) SetIndexAttributes(v bool) {
 	p.indexAttributes = v
 }
 
-var (
-	ErrUnknownObjectType   = errors.New("unknown object type")
-	ErrIncorrectRootObject = errors.New("invalid root object")
-)
+var ErrUnknownObjectType = errors.New("unknown object type")
 
 // Put saves object header in metabase. Object payload expected to be cut.
 //
@@ -166,7 +163,7 @@ func (db *DB) updateObj(tx *bbolt.Tx, obj *objectSDK.Object, id []byte, si *obje
 
 func (db *DB) insertObject(tx *bbolt.Tx, obj *objectSDK.Object, id []byte, si *objectSDK.SplitInfo, isParent bool, cnr cid.ID, currEpoch uint64, indexAttributes bool) error {
 	if par := obj.Parent(); par != nil && !isParent { // limit depth by two
-		parentSI, err := splitInfoFromObject(obj)
+		parentSI, err := objectCore.SplitInfoFromObject(obj)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -614,47 +611,3 @@ func updateSplitInfo(tx *bbolt.Tx, addr oid.Address, from *objectSDK.SplitInfo)
 	objKey := objectKey(addr.Object(), make([]byte, bucketKeySize))
 	return updateSplitInfoIndex(tx, objKey, addr.Container(), make([]byte, bucketKeySize), from)
 }
-
-// splitInfoFromObject returns split info based on last or linkin object.
-// Otherwise returns nil, nil.
-func splitInfoFromObject(obj *objectSDK.Object) (*objectSDK.SplitInfo, error) {
-	if obj.Parent() == nil {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-
-	info := objectSDK.NewSplitInfo()
-	info.SetSplitID(obj.SplitID())
-
-	switch {
-	case isLinkObject(obj):
-		id, ok := obj.ID()
-		if !ok {
-			return nil, errors.New("missing object ID")
-		}
-
-		info.SetLink(id)
-	case isLastObject(obj):
-		id, ok := obj.ID()
-		if !ok {
-			return nil, errors.New("missing object ID")
-		}
-
-		info.SetLastPart(id)
-	default:
-		return nil, ErrIncorrectRootObject // should never happen
-	}
-
-	return info, nil
-}
-
-// isLinkObject returns true if object contains parent header and list
-// of children.
-func isLinkObject(obj *objectSDK.Object) bool {
-	return len(obj.Children()) > 0 && obj.Parent() != nil
-}
-
-// isLastObject returns true if object contains only parent header without list
-// of children.
-func isLastObject(obj *objectSDK.Object) bool {
-	return len(obj.Children()) == 0 && obj.Parent() != nil
-}

pkg/local_object_storage/objectstore/blob.go

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package objectstore
+
+import "encoding/binary"
+
+const (
+	compressionNone byte = 0
+	compressionZSTD byte = 1
+
+	blobTypeObject byte = 0 // blob contains only one object
+
+	blobStateReserved byte = 0 // blob reserved, but not commited yet
+	blobStateCommited byte = 1 // blob contains object
+)
+
+type blob struct {
+	Type          byte
+	State         byte
+	CreationEpoch uint64
+}
+
+func (b *blob) Bytes() []byte {
+	result := make([]byte, 10)
+	result[0] = b.Type
+	result[1] = b.State
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(result[2:], b.CreationEpoch)
+	return result
+}
+
+type objectIDPartBlobIDValue struct {
+	Compression byte
+	Offset      uint64
+	Lenght      uint64
+}
+
+func (v *objectIDPartBlobIDValue) Bytes() []byte {
+	result := make([]byte, 1+8+8)
+	result[0] = v.Compression
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(result[1:], v.Offset)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(result[1+8:], v.Lenght)
+	return result
+}

pkg/local_object_storage/objectstore/control.go

@@ -3,11 +3,15 @@ package objectstore
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"io/fs"
 
 	"git.frostfs.info/TrueCloudLab/frostfs-node/pkg/local_object_storage/shard/mode"
+	"git.frostfs.info/TrueCloudLab/frostfs-node/pkg/util"
 	"github.com/cockroachdb/pebble"
 )
 
+const permissions fs.FileMode = 0o644
+
 func (s *ObjectStore) Open(ctx context.Context, m mode.Mode) error {
 	s.mtx.Lock()
 	defer s.mtx.Unlock()
@@ -16,6 +20,18 @@ func (s *ObjectStore) Open(ctx context.Context, m mode.Mode) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	if err := util.MkdirAllX(s.cfg.blobPath, permissions); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create blob dir: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := util.MkdirAllX(s.cfg.walPath, permissions); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create WAL dir: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := util.MkdirAllX(s.cfg.metaPath, permissions); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create meta dir: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	db, err := pebble.Open(s.cfg.metaPath, pebbleOptions(s.cfg.walPath, m.ReadOnly()))
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("objectstore pebble db open: %w", err)

pkg/local_object_storage/objectstore/options.go

@@ -5,18 +5,24 @@ import (
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 )
 
+type EpochSource interface {
+	CurrentEpoch() uint64
+}
+
 type config struct {
-	logger   *logger.Logger
-	walPath  string
-	blobPath string
-	metaPath string
+	logger      *logger.Logger
+	walPath     string
+	blobPath    string
+	metaPath    string
+	epochSource EpochSource
 }
 
 type Option func(*config)
 
 func defaultCfg() *config {
 	return &config{
-		logger: logger.NewLoggerWrapper(zap.L()),
+		logger:      logger.NewLoggerWrapper(zap.L()),
+		epochSource: &epochSourceStub{},
 	}
 }
 
@@ -37,3 +43,23 @@ func WithWalPath(path string) Option {
 		c.walPath = path
 	}
 }
+
+func WithEpochSource(es EpochSource) Option {
+	return func(c *config) {
+		c.epochSource = es
+	}
+}
+
+func WithLogger(logger *logger.Logger) Option {
+	return func(c *config) {
+		c.logger = logger
+	}
+}
+
+var _ EpochSource = (*epochSourceStub)(nil)
+
+type epochSourceStub struct{}
+
+func (e *epochSourceStub) CurrentEpoch() uint64 {
+	return 0
+}

pkg/local_object_storage/objectstore/pebble.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package objectstore
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"errors"
 	"log"
 
 	"github.com/cockroachdb/pebble"
@@ -90,3 +91,12 @@ func (s *ObjectStore) readValue(key []byte, reader func(value []byte)) error {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+func (s *ObjectStore) rwBatch(f func(batch *pebble.Batch) error) error {
+	b := s.meta.NewIndexedBatch()
+	err := f(b)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Join(err, b.Close())
+	}
+	return errors.Join(b.Commit(pebble.Sync), b.Close())
+}

pkg/local_object_storage/objectstore/put.go

@@ -2,10 +2,372 @@ package objectstore
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
 
+	objectCore "git.frostfs.info/TrueCloudLab/frostfs-node/pkg/core/object"
+	objectAPI "git.frostfs.info/TrueCloudLab/frostfs-sdk-go/api/object"
 	objectSDK "git.frostfs.info/TrueCloudLab/frostfs-sdk-go/object"
+	oid "git.frostfs.info/TrueCloudLab/frostfs-sdk-go/object/id"
+	"github.com/cockroachdb/pebble"
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
 )
 
+const flags = os.O_WRONLY | os.O_CREATE | os.O_TRUNC | os.O_EXCL | os.O_SYNC
+
 func (s *ObjectStore) Put(ctx context.Context, object *objectSDK.Object) error {
-	panic("unimplemented")
+	s.mtx.RLock()
+	defer s.mtx.RUnlock()
+
+	if err := s.validateState(true); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	epoch := s.cfg.epochSource.CurrentEpoch()
+
+	payload := object.Payload()
+	header, err := object.CutPayload().Marshal()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("marshal object header: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	blobID, err := s.reserveObjectBlob(epoch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("reserve blob for object: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	default:
+	}
+
+	result, err := s.saveObjectToObjectBlob(header, payload, blobID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("save object to blob: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	default:
+	}
+
+	return s.saveObjectMeta(object, result, blobID, epoch)
+}
+
+func (s *ObjectStore) reserveObjectBlob(epoch uint64) (uuid.UUID, error) {
+	blobID, err := uuid.NewRandom()
+	if err != nil {
+		return uuid.Nil, fmt.Errorf("blobID generate: %w", err)
+	}
+	val := &blob{
+		Type:          blobTypeObject,
+		State:         blobStateReserved,
+		CreationEpoch: epoch,
+	}
+	if err := s.meta.Set(blobIDKey(blobID), val.Bytes(), pebble.Sync); err != nil {
+		return uuid.Nil, fmt.Errorf("set blobID value: %w", err)
+	}
+	return blobID, nil
+}
+
+// saveObjectToObjectBlob saves object's header and payload to blob of 'object' type.
+//
+// Object blob's schema:
+//
+// [0] - blob type
+//
+// [1-8] - header length
+//
+// [9-16] - payload length
+//
+// [17 - 17+len(header)-1] - header
+//
+// [17+len(header) - ...] - payload.
+func (s *ObjectStore) saveObjectToObjectBlob(header, payload []byte, blobID uuid.UUID) (*saveObjectBlobResult, error) {
+	path := filepath.Join(s.cfg.blobPath, blobID.String()+".blob")
+
+	f, err := os.OpenFile(path, flags, permissions)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	closed := false
+	defer func() {
+		if !closed {
+			_ = f.Close()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	_, err = f.Write([]byte{blobTypeObject})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	_, err = f.Write([]byte{blobTypeObject})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	buf := make([]byte, 8)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(buf, uint64(len(header)))
+	_, err = f.Write(buf)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(buf, uint64(len(payload)))
+	_, err = f.Write(buf)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	_, err = f.Write(header)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if len(payload) > 0 {
+		_, err = f.Write(payload)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	closed = true
+	if err := f.Close(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &saveObjectBlobResult{
+		Header: objectIDPartBlobIDValue{
+			Compression: compressionNone,
+			Offset:      17,
+			Lenght:      uint64(len(header)),
+		},
+		Payload: objectIDPartBlobIDValue{
+			Compression: compressionNone,
+			Offset:      17 + uint64(len(header)),
+			Lenght:      uint64(len(payload)),
+		},
+	}, nil
+}
+
+type saveObjectBlobResult struct {
+	Header  objectIDPartBlobIDValue
+	Payload objectIDPartBlobIDValue
+}
+
+func (s *ObjectStore) saveObjectMeta(object *objectSDK.Object, blobs *saveObjectBlobResult, blobID uuid.UUID, epoch uint64) error {
+	return s.rwBatch(func(b *pebble.Batch) error {
+		if parent := object.Parent(); parent != nil {
+			if err := saveParentInfo(b, object, parent); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if err := saveObjectMeta(b, parent); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+
+		if err := saveObjectMeta(b, object); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := saveStoredObject(b, object); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return saveBlob(b, object, blobs, blobID, epoch)
+	})
+}
+
+func saveParentInfo(b *pebble.Batch, object, parent *objectSDK.Object) error {
+	parentAddress := objectCore.AddressOf(parent)
+	objectAddress := objectCore.AddressOf(object)
+
+	splitInfo, err := objectCore.SplitInfoFromObject(object)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if splitInfo != nil {
+		if err := saveSplitInfo(b, parentAddress, splitInfo); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return b.Set(parentKey(parentAddress.Container(), parentAddress.Object(), objectAddress.Object()), zeroValue, pebble.Sync)
+}
+
+func saveSplitInfo(b *pebble.Batch, addr oid.Address, splitInfo *objectSDK.SplitInfo) error {
+	if err := b.Set(splitInfoKey(addr.Container(), addr.Object(), splitInfoTypeSplitID),
+		splitInfo.SplitID().ToV2(), pebble.Sync); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if lastPartID, isSet := splitInfo.LastPart(); isSet {
+		if err := b.Set(splitInfoKey(addr.Container(), addr.Object(), splitInfoTypeLastPart),
+			lastPartID[:], pebble.Sync); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	if linkObjectID, isSet := splitInfo.Link(); isSet {
+		if err := b.Set(splitInfoKey(addr.Container(), addr.Object(), splitInfoTypeLinkingObject),
+			linkObjectID[:], pebble.Sync); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func saveObjectMeta(b *pebble.Batch, object *objectSDK.Object) error {
+	if err := saveECParentInfo(b, object); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := saveECInfo(b, object); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := saveExpirationEpoch(b, object); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := saveTombstoneInfo(b, object); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := saveIndex(b, object); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func saveECParentInfo(b *pebble.Batch, object *objectSDK.Object) error {
+	ecHeader := object.ECHeader()
+	if ecHeader == nil || ecHeader.ParentSplitID() == nil || ecHeader.ParentSplitParentID() == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	objectAddress := objectCore.AddressOf(object)
+
+	splitInfo := objectSDK.NewSplitInfo()
+	splitInfo.SetSplitID(ecHeader.ParentSplitID())
+	splitInfo.SetLastPart(ecHeader.Parent())
+
+	var parentAddress oid.Address
+	parentAddress.SetContainer(objectAddress.Container())
+	parentAddress.SetObject(*ecHeader.ParentSplitParentID())
+
+	return saveSplitInfo(b, parentAddress, splitInfo)
+}
+
+func saveECInfo(b *pebble.Batch, object *objectSDK.Object) error {
+	ecHeader := object.ECHeader()
+	if ecHeader == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	objectAddress := objectCore.AddressOf(object)
+	return b.Set(ecParentKey(objectAddress.Container(), ecHeader.Parent(), objectAddress.Object()), zeroValue, pebble.Sync)
+}
+
+func saveExpirationEpoch(b *pebble.Batch, object *objectSDK.Object) error {
+	expEpoch, defined := hasExpirationEpoch(object)
+	if !defined {
+		return nil
+	}
+	objectAddress := objectCore.AddressOf(object)
+	if err := b.Set(expEpochToObjectKey(objectAddress.Container(), objectAddress.Object(), expEpoch), zeroValue, pebble.Sync); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := b.Set(objectToExpEpochKey(objectAddress.Container(), objectAddress.Object(), expEpoch), zeroValue, pebble.Sync); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func hasExpirationEpoch(obj *objectSDK.Object) (uint64, bool) {
+	attributes := obj.Attributes()
+	if ech := obj.ECHeader(); ech != nil {
+		attributes = ech.ParentAttributes()
+	}
+	for _, attr := range attributes {
+		if attr.Key() == objectAPI.SysAttributeExpEpoch {
+			expEpoch, err := strconv.ParseUint(attr.Value(), 10, 64)
+			return expEpoch, err == nil
+		}
+	}
+	return 0, false
+}
+
+func saveTombstoneInfo(b *pebble.Batch, object *objectSDK.Object) error {
+	if object.Type() != objectSDK.TypeTombstone {
+		return nil
+	}
+	objectAddress := objectCore.AddressOf(object)
+	tombstone := objectSDK.NewTombstone()
+	if err := tombstone.Unmarshal(object.Payload()); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unmarshal tombstone content: %w", err)
+	}
+	for _, objID := range tombstone.Members() {
+		if err := b.Set(objectToTombstoneKey(objectAddress.Container(), objID, objectAddress.Object()), zeroValue, pebble.Sync); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := b.Set(tombstoneToObjectKey(objectAddress.Container(), objID, objectAddress.Object()), zeroValue, pebble.Sync); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func saveIndex(b *pebble.Batch, object *objectSDK.Object) error {
+	objectAddress := objectCore.AddressOf(object)
+	if splitID := object.SplitID(); splitID != nil {
+		if err := b.Set(splitIDIndexKey(objectAddress.Container(), objectAddress.Object(), splitID), zeroValue, pebble.Sync); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	attrs := object.Attributes()
+	if ecHeader := object.ECHeader(); ecHeader != nil {
+		attrs = ecHeader.ParentAttributes()
+		objectAddress.SetObject(ecHeader.Parent())
+	}
+
+	for _, attr := range attrs {
+		if err := b.Set(attributeIndexKey(objectAddress.Container(), objectAddress.Object(), attr.Key(), attr.Value()), zeroValue, pebble.Sync); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func saveBlob(b *pebble.Batch, object *objectSDK.Object, blobs *saveObjectBlobResult, blobID uuid.UUID, epoch uint64) error {
+	val := &blob{
+		Type:          blobTypeObject,
+		State:         blobStateCommited,
+		CreationEpoch: epoch,
+	}
+	objectAddress := objectCore.AddressOf(object)
+	if err := b.Set(blobIDKey(blobID), val.Bytes(), pebble.Sync); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := b.Set(objectToBlobKey(objectAddress.Container(), objectAddress.Object(), partHeader, blobID), blobs.Header.Bytes(), pebble.Sync); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := b.Set(objectToBlobKey(objectAddress.Container(), objectAddress.Object(), partPayload, blobID), blobs.Payload.Bytes(), pebble.Sync); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func saveStoredObject(b *pebble.Batch, object *objectSDK.Object) error {
+	objectAddress := objectCore.AddressOf(object)
+	if err := b.Set(storedObjectKey(objectAddress.Container(), objectAddress.Object()), storedObjectValueBlob, pebble.Sync); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	var err error
+	switch object.Type() {
+	case objectSDK.TypeRegular:
+		err = b.Set(regularObjectKey(objectAddress.Container(), objectAddress.Object()), zeroValue, pebble.Sync)
+	case objectSDK.TypeTombstone:
+		err = b.Set(tombstoneObjectKey(objectAddress.Container(), objectAddress.Object()), zeroValue, pebble.Sync)
+	default:
+		err = fmt.Errorf("unsupported object type %d", object.Type())
+	}
+	return err
 }

pkg/local_object_storage/objectstore/schema.go

@@ -1,10 +1,168 @@
 package objectstore
 
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+
+	cid "git.frostfs.info/TrueCloudLab/frostfs-sdk-go/container/id"
+	objectSDK "git.frostfs.info/TrueCloudLab/frostfs-sdk-go/object"
+	oid "git.frostfs.info/TrueCloudLab/frostfs-sdk-go/object/id"
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
+)
+
 const (
-	prefixInfo byte = 0
+	prefixInfo               byte = 0
+	prefixBlobID             byte = 1
+	prefixObjectIDPartBlobID byte = 2
+	prefixSplitInfo          byte = 3
+	prefixParent             byte = 4
+	prefixECParent           byte = 5
+	prefixExpEpochToObject   byte = 6
+	prefixObjectToExpEpoch   byte = 7
+	prefixObjectToTombstone  byte = 8
+	prefixTombstoneToObject  byte = 9
+	prefixSplitIDIndex       byte = 10
+	prefixAttributeIndex     byte = 11
+	prefixStoredObject       byte = 12
+	prefixRegularObject      byte = 13
+	prefixTombstoneObject    byte = 14
+
+	partHeader  = 0
+	partPayload = 1
+
+	splitInfoTypeSplitID       = 0
+	splitInfoTypeLastPart      = 1
+	splitInfoTypeLinkingObject = 2
 )
 
 var (
 	versionKey = append([]byte{prefixInfo}, []byte("version")...)
 	upgradeKey = append([]byte{prefixInfo}, []byte("upgrade")...)
+	zeroValue  = []byte{}
+
+	storedObjectValueBlob = []byte{0}
 )
+
+func blobIDKey(blobID uuid.UUID) []byte {
+	result := make([]byte, 17)
+	result[0] = prefixBlobID
+	copy(result[1:], blobID[:])
+	return result
+}
+
+func objectToBlobKey(containerID cid.ID, objectID oid.ID, partType byte, blobID uuid.UUID) []byte {
+	result := make([]byte, 1+32+32+1+16)
+	result[0] = prefixObjectIDPartBlobID
+	containerID.Encode(result[1:])
+	objectID.Encode(result[1+32:])
+	result[1+32+32] = partType
+	copy(result[1+32+32+1:], blobID[:])
+	return result
+}
+
+func storedObjectKey(containerID cid.ID, objectID oid.ID) []byte {
+	result := make([]byte, 1+32+32)
+	result[0] = prefixStoredObject
+	containerID.Encode(result[1:])
+	objectID.Encode(result[1+32:])
+	return result
+}
+
+func regularObjectKey(containerID cid.ID, objectID oid.ID) []byte {
+	result := make([]byte, 1+32+32)
+	result[0] = prefixRegularObject
+	containerID.Encode(result[1:])
+	objectID.Encode(result[1+32:])
+	return result
+}
+
+func tombstoneObjectKey(containerID cid.ID, objectID oid.ID) []byte {
+	result := make([]byte, 1+32+32)
+	result[0] = prefixTombstoneObject
+	containerID.Encode(result[1:])
+	objectID.Encode(result[1+32:])
+	return result
+}
+
+func splitInfoKey(containerID cid.ID, objectID oid.ID, splitInfoType byte) []byte {
+	result := make([]byte, 1+32+32+1)
+	result[0] = prefixSplitInfo
+	containerID.Encode(result[1:])
+	objectID.Encode(result[33:])
+	result[65] = splitInfoType
+	return result
+}
+
+func parentKey(containerID cid.ID, parentObjectID, objectID oid.ID) []byte {
+	result := make([]byte, 1+32+32+32)
+	result[0] = prefixParent
+	containerID.Encode(result[1:])
+	parentObjectID.Encode(result[33:])
+	objectID.Encode(result[65:])
+	return result
+}
+
+func ecParentKey(containerID cid.ID, ecParentObjectID, objectID oid.ID) []byte {
+	result := make([]byte, 1+32+32+32)
+	result[0] = prefixECParent
+	containerID.Encode(result[1:])
+	ecParentObjectID.Encode(result[33:])
+	objectID.Encode(result[65:])
+	return result
+}
+
+func expEpochToObjectKey(containerID cid.ID, objectID oid.ID, expEpoch uint64) []byte {
+	result := make([]byte, 1+8+32+32)
+	result[0] = prefixExpEpochToObject
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(result[1:], expEpoch)
+	containerID.Encode(result[9:])
+	objectID.Encode(result[41:])
+	return result
+}
+
+func objectToExpEpochKey(containerID cid.ID, objectID oid.ID, expEpoch uint64) []byte {
+	result := make([]byte, 1+32+32+8)
+	result[0] = prefixObjectToExpEpoch
+	containerID.Encode(result[1:])
+	objectID.Encode(result[33:])
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(result[65:], expEpoch)
+	return result
+}
+
+func objectToTombstoneKey(containerID cid.ID, objectID, tombstoneID oid.ID) []byte {
+	result := make([]byte, 1+32+32+32)
+	result[0] = prefixObjectToTombstone
+	containerID.Encode(result[1:])
+	objectID.Encode(result[33:])
+	tombstoneID.Encode(result[65:])
+	return result
+}
+
+func tombstoneToObjectKey(containerID cid.ID, objectID, tombstoneID oid.ID) []byte {
+	result := make([]byte, 1+32+32+32)
+	result[0] = prefixTombstoneToObject
+	containerID.Encode(result[1:])
+	tombstoneID.Encode(result[33:])
+	objectID.Encode(result[65:])
+	return result
+}
+
+func splitIDIndexKey(containerID cid.ID, objectID oid.ID, splitID *objectSDK.SplitID) []byte {
+	splitIDBytes := splitID.ToV2()
+	result := make([]byte, 1+len(splitIDBytes)+32+32)
+	result[0] = prefixSplitIDIndex
+	copy(result[1:], splitIDBytes)
+	containerID.Encode(result[1+len(splitIDBytes):])
+	objectID.Encode(result[1+len(splitIDBytes)+32:])
+	return result
+}
+
+func attributeIndexKey(containerID cid.ID, objectID oid.ID, key, value string) []byte {
+	result := make([]byte, 1+32+len(key)+1+len(value)+32)
+	result[0] = prefixAttributeIndex
+	containerID.Encode(result[1:])
+	copy(result[33:], []byte(key))
+	result[1+32+len(key)] = '='
+	copy(result[1+32+len(key)+1:], []byte(value))
+	objectID.Encode(result[1+32+len(key)+1+len(value):])
+	return result
+}