Merge pull request #76 from smallstep/acme

Acme Support

.golangci.yml

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ issues:
     - declaration of "err" shadows declaration at line
     - should have a package comment, unless it's in another file for this package
     - error strings should not be capitalized or end with punctuation or a newline
+    - declaration of "authz" shadows declaration at line
 # golangci.com configuration
 # https://github.com/golangci/golangci/wiki/Configuration
 service:

.travis.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 language: go
 go:
-- 1.12.x
+- 1.13.x
 addons:
   apt:
     packages:

Gopkg.lock

@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@
     "utils",
   ]
   pruneopts = "UT"
-  revision = "e097873f958542df7505184bee0fadfcf17027de"
+  revision = "ae6e517f70783467afe6199e12fb43309a7e693e"
 
 [[projects]]
   branch = "master"

acme/account.go

@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+package acme
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/authority/provisioner"
+	"github.com/smallstep/cli/jose"
+	"github.com/smallstep/nosql"
+)
+
+// Account is a subset of the internal account type containing only those
+// attributes required for responses in the ACME protocol.
+type Account struct {
+	Contact []string         `json:"contact,omitempty"`
+	Status  string           `json:"status"`
+	Orders  string           `json:"orders"`
+	ID      string           `json:"-"`
+	Key     *jose.JSONWebKey `json:"-"`
+}
+
+// ToLog enables response logging.
+func (a *Account) ToLog() (interface{}, error) {
+	b, err := json.Marshal(a)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error marshaling account for logging"))
+	}
+	return string(b), nil
+}
+
+// GetID returns the account ID.
+func (a *Account) GetID() string {
+	return a.ID
+}
+
+// GetKey returns the JWK associated with the account.
+func (a *Account) GetKey() *jose.JSONWebKey {
+	return a.Key
+}
+
+// IsValid returns true if the Account is valid.
+func (a *Account) IsValid() bool {
+	return a.Status == StatusValid
+}
+
+// AccountOptions are the options needed to create a new ACME account.
+type AccountOptions struct {
+	Key     *jose.JSONWebKey
+	Contact []string
+}
+
+// account represents an ACME account.
+type account struct {
+	ID          string           `json:"id"`
+	Created     time.Time        `json:"created"`
+	Deactivated time.Time        `json:"deactivated"`
+	Key         *jose.JSONWebKey `json:"key"`
+	Contact     []string         `json:"contact,omitempty"`
+	Status      string           `json:"status"`
+}
+
+// newAccount returns a new acme account type.
+func newAccount(db nosql.DB, ops AccountOptions) (*account, error) {
+	id, err := randID()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	a := &account{
+		ID:      id,
+		Key:     ops.Key,
+		Contact: ops.Contact,
+		Status:  "valid",
+		Created: clock.Now(),
+	}
+	return a, a.saveNew(db)
+}
+
+// toACME converts the internal Account type into the public acmeAccount
+// type for presentation in the ACME protocol.
+func (a *account) toACME(db nosql.DB, dir *directory, p provisioner.Interface) (*Account, error) {
+	return &Account{
+		Status:  a.Status,
+		Contact: a.Contact,
+		Orders:  dir.getLink(OrdersByAccountLink, URLSafeProvisionerName(p), true, a.ID),
+		Key:     a.Key,
+		ID:      a.ID,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// save writes the Account to the DB.
+// If the account is new then the necessary indices will be created.
+// Else, the account in the DB will be updated.
+func (a *account) saveNew(db nosql.DB) error {
+	kid, err := keyToID(a.Key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	kidB := []byte(kid)
+
+	// Set the jwkID -> acme account ID index
+	_, swapped, err := db.CmpAndSwap(accountByKeyIDTable, kidB, nil, []byte(a.ID))
+	switch {
+	case err != nil:
+		return ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error setting key-id to account-id index"))
+	case !swapped:
+		return ServerInternalErr(errors.Errorf("key-id to account-id index already exists"))
+	default:
+		if err = a.save(db, nil); err != nil {
+			db.Del(accountByKeyIDTable, kidB)
+			return err
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (a *account) save(db nosql.DB, old *account) error {
+	var (
+		err  error
+		oldB []byte
+	)
+	if old == nil {
+		oldB = nil
+	} else {
+		if oldB, err = json.Marshal(old); err != nil {
+			return ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error marshaling old acme order"))
+		}
+	}
+
+	b, err := json.Marshal(*a)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "error marshaling new account object")
+	}
+	// Set the Account
+	_, swapped, err := db.CmpAndSwap(accountTable, []byte(a.ID), oldB, b)
+	switch {
+	case err != nil:
+		return ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error storing account"))
+	case !swapped:
+		return ServerInternalErr(errors.New("error storing account; " +
+			"value has changed since last read"))
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// update updates the acme account object stored in the database if,
+// and only if, the account has not changed since the last read.
+func (a *account) update(db nosql.DB, contact []string) (*account, error) {
+	b := *a
+	b.Contact = contact
+	if err := b.save(db, a); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &b, nil
+}
+
+// deactivate deactivates the acme account.
+func (a *account) deactivate(db nosql.DB) (*account, error) {
+	b := *a
+	b.Status = StatusDeactivated
+	b.Deactivated = clock.Now()
+	if err := b.save(db, a); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &b, nil
+}
+
+// getAccountByID retrieves the account with the given ID.
+func getAccountByID(db nosql.DB, id string) (*account, error) {
+	ab, err := db.Get(accountTable, []byte(id))
+	if err != nil {
+		if nosql.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+			return nil, MalformedErr(errors.Wrapf(err, "account %s not found", id))
+		}
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrapf(err, "error loading account %s", id))
+	}
+
+	a := new(account)
+	if err = json.Unmarshal(ab, a); err != nil {
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error unmarshaling account"))
+	}
+	return a, nil
+}
+
+// getAccountByKeyID retrieves Id associated with the given Kid.
+func getAccountByKeyID(db nosql.DB, kid string) (*account, error) {
+	id, err := db.Get(accountByKeyIDTable, []byte(kid))
+	if err != nil {
+		if nosql.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+			return nil, MalformedErr(errors.Wrapf(err, "account with key id %s not found", kid))
+		}
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrapf(err, "error loading key-account index"))
+	}
+	return getAccountByID(db, string(id))
+}
+
+// getOrderIDsByAccount retrieves a list of Order IDs that were created by the
+// account.
+func getOrderIDsByAccount(db nosql.DB, id string) ([]string, error) {
+	b, err := db.Get(ordersByAccountIDTable, []byte(id))
+	if err != nil {
+		if nosql.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+			return []string{}, nil
+		}
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrapf(err, "error loading orderIDs for account %s", id))
+	}
+	var orderIDs []string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &orderIDs); err != nil {
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrapf(err, "error unmarshaling orderIDs for account %s", id))
+	}
+	return orderIDs, nil
+}

acme/account_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,844 @@
+package acme
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/smallstep/assert"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/authority/provisioner"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/db"
+	"github.com/smallstep/cli/jose"
+	"github.com/smallstep/nosql"
+	"github.com/smallstep/nosql/database"
+)
+
+var (
+	defaultDisableRenewal   = false
+	globalProvisionerClaims = provisioner.Claims{
+		MinTLSDur:      &provisioner.Duration{Duration: 5 * time.Minute},
+		MaxTLSDur:      &provisioner.Duration{Duration: 24 * time.Hour},
+		DefaultTLSDur:  &provisioner.Duration{Duration: 24 * time.Hour},
+		DisableRenewal: &defaultDisableRenewal,
+	}
+)
+
+func newProv() provisioner.Interface {
+	// Initialize provisioners
+	p := &provisioner.ACME{
+		Type: "ACME",
+		Name: "test@acme-provisioner.com",
+	}
+	if err := p.Init(provisioner.Config{Claims: globalProvisionerClaims}); err != nil {
+		fmt.Printf("%v", err)
+	}
+	return p
+}
+
+func newAcc() (*account, error) {
+	jwk, err := jose.GenerateJWK("EC", "P-256", "ES256", "sig", "", 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	mockdb := &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+		MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+			return nil, true, nil
+		},
+	}
+	return newAccount(mockdb, AccountOptions{
+		Key: jwk, Contact: []string{"foo", "bar"},
+	})
+}
+
+func TestGetAccountByID(t *testing.T) {
+	type test struct {
+		id  string
+		db  nosql.DB
+		acc *account
+		err *Error
+	}
+	tests := map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"fail/not-found": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc, err := newAcc()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			return test{
+				acc: acc,
+				id:  acc.ID,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MGet: func(bucket, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+						return nil, database.ErrNotFound
+					},
+				},
+				err: MalformedErr(errors.Errorf("account %s not found: not found", acc.ID)),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/db-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc, err := newAcc()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			return test{
+				acc: acc,
+				id:  acc.ID,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MGet: func(bucket, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+						return nil, errors.New("force")
+					},
+				},
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.Errorf("error loading account %s: force", acc.ID)),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/unmarshal-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc, err := newAcc()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			return test{
+				acc: acc,
+				id:  acc.ID,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MGet: func(bucket, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, bucket, accountTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, key, []byte(acc.ID))
+						return nil, nil
+					},
+				},
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.New("error unmarshaling account: unexpected end of JSON input")),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc, err := newAcc()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			b, err := json.Marshal(acc)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			return test{
+				acc: acc,
+				id:  acc.ID,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MGet: func(bucket, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, bucket, accountTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, key, []byte(acc.ID))
+						return b, nil
+					},
+				},
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tc := run(t)
+			if acc, err := getAccountByID(tc.db, tc.id); err != nil {
+				if assert.NotNil(t, tc.err) {
+					ae, ok := err.(*Error)
+					assert.True(t, ok)
+					assert.HasPrefix(t, ae.Error(), tc.err.Error())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.StatusCode(), tc.err.StatusCode())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, tc.err.Type)
+				}
+			} else {
+				if assert.Nil(t, tc.err) {
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.acc.ID, acc.ID)
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.acc.Status, acc.Status)
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.acc.Created, acc.Created)
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.acc.Deactivated, acc.Deactivated)
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.acc.Contact, acc.Contact)
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.acc.Key.KeyID, acc.Key.KeyID)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetAccountByKeyID(t *testing.T) {
+	type test struct {
+		kid string
+		db  nosql.DB
+		acc *account
+		err *Error
+	}
+	tests := map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"fail/kid-not-found": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				kid: "foo",
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MGet: func(bucket, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+						return nil, database.ErrNotFound
+					},
+				},
+				err: MalformedErr(errors.Errorf("account with key id foo not found: not found")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/db-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				kid: "foo",
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MGet: func(bucket, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+						return nil, errors.New("force")
+					},
+				},
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.New("error loading key-account index: force")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/getAccount-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			count := 0
+			return test{
+				kid: "foo",
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MGet: func(bucket, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+						if count == 0 {
+							assert.Equals(t, bucket, accountByKeyIDTable)
+							assert.Equals(t, key, []byte("foo"))
+							count++
+							return []byte("bar"), nil
+						}
+						return nil, errors.New("force")
+					},
+				},
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.New("error loading account bar: force")),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc, err := newAcc()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			b, err := json.Marshal(acc)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			count := 0
+			return test{
+				kid: acc.Key.KeyID,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MGet: func(bucket, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+						var ret []byte
+						switch count {
+						case 0:
+							assert.Equals(t, bucket, accountByKeyIDTable)
+							assert.Equals(t, key, []byte(acc.Key.KeyID))
+							ret = []byte(acc.ID)
+						case 1:
+							assert.Equals(t, bucket, accountTable)
+							assert.Equals(t, key, []byte(acc.ID))
+							ret = b
+						}
+						count++
+						return ret, nil
+					},
+				},
+				acc: acc,
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tc := run(t)
+			if acc, err := getAccountByKeyID(tc.db, tc.kid); err != nil {
+				if assert.NotNil(t, tc.err) {
+					ae, ok := err.(*Error)
+					assert.True(t, ok)
+					assert.HasPrefix(t, ae.Error(), tc.err.Error())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.StatusCode(), tc.err.StatusCode())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, tc.err.Type)
+				}
+			} else {
+				if assert.Nil(t, tc.err) {
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.acc.ID, acc.ID)
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.acc.Status, acc.Status)
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.acc.Created, acc.Created)
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.acc.Deactivated, acc.Deactivated)
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.acc.Contact, acc.Contact)
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.acc.Key.KeyID, acc.Key.KeyID)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetAccountIDsByAccount(t *testing.T) {
+	type test struct {
+		id  string
+		db  nosql.DB
+		res []string
+		err *Error
+	}
+	tests := map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"ok/not-found": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				id: "foo",
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MGet: func(bucket, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+						return nil, database.ErrNotFound
+					},
+				},
+				res: []string{},
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/db-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				id: "foo",
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MGet: func(bucket, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+						return nil, errors.New("force")
+					},
+				},
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.New("error loading orderIDs for account foo: force")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/unmarshal-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				id: "foo",
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MGet: func(bucket, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, bucket, ordersByAccountIDTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, key, []byte("foo"))
+						return nil, nil
+					},
+				},
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.New("error unmarshaling orderIDs for account foo: unexpected end of JSON input")),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			oids := []string{"foo", "bar", "baz"}
+			b, err := json.Marshal(oids)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			return test{
+				id: "foo",
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MGet: func(bucket, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, bucket, ordersByAccountIDTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, key, []byte("foo"))
+						return b, nil
+					},
+				},
+				res: oids,
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tc := run(t)
+			if oids, err := getOrderIDsByAccount(tc.db, tc.id); err != nil {
+				if assert.NotNil(t, tc.err) {
+					ae, ok := err.(*Error)
+					assert.True(t, ok)
+					assert.HasPrefix(t, ae.Error(), tc.err.Error())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.StatusCode(), tc.err.StatusCode())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, tc.err.Type)
+				}
+			} else {
+				if assert.Nil(t, tc.err) {
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.res, oids)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAccountToACME(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := newDirectory("ca.smallstep.com", "acme")
+	prov := newProv()
+
+	type test struct {
+		acc *account
+		err *Error
+	}
+	tests := map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"ok": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc, err := newAcc()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			return test{acc: acc}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		tc := run(t)
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			acmeAccount, err := tc.acc.toACME(nil, dir, prov)
+			if err != nil {
+				if assert.NotNil(t, tc.err) {
+					ae, ok := err.(*Error)
+					assert.True(t, ok)
+					assert.HasPrefix(t, ae.Error(), tc.err.Error())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.StatusCode(), tc.err.StatusCode())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, tc.err.Type)
+				}
+			} else {
+				if assert.Nil(t, tc.err) {
+					assert.Equals(t, acmeAccount.ID, tc.acc.ID)
+					assert.Equals(t, acmeAccount.Status, tc.acc.Status)
+					assert.Equals(t, acmeAccount.Contact, tc.acc.Contact)
+					assert.Equals(t, acmeAccount.Key.KeyID, tc.acc.Key.KeyID)
+					assert.Equals(t, acmeAccount.Orders,
+						fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/account/%s/orders", URLSafeProvisionerName(prov), tc.acc.ID))
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAccountSave(t *testing.T) {
+	type test struct {
+		acc, old *account
+		db       nosql.DB
+		err      *Error
+	}
+	tests := map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"fail/old-nil/swap-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc, err := newAcc()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			return test{
+				acc: acc,
+				old: nil,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+						return nil, false, errors.New("force")
+					},
+				},
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.New("error storing account: force")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/old-nil/swap-false": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc, err := newAcc()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			return test{
+				acc: acc,
+				old: nil,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+						return []byte("foo"), false, nil
+					},
+				},
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.New("error storing account; value has changed since last read")),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok/old-nil": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc, err := newAcc()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			b, err := json.Marshal(acc)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			return test{
+				acc: acc,
+				old: nil,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, old, nil)
+						assert.Equals(t, b, newval)
+						assert.Equals(t, bucket, accountTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, []byte(acc.ID), key)
+						return nil, true, nil
+					},
+				},
+			}
+		},
+		"ok/old-not-nil": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			oldAcc, err := newAcc()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			acc, err := newAcc()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+
+			oldb, err := json.Marshal(oldAcc)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			b, err := json.Marshal(acc)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			return test{
+				acc: acc,
+				old: oldAcc,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, old, oldb)
+						assert.Equals(t, newval, b)
+						assert.Equals(t, bucket, accountTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, []byte(acc.ID), key)
+						return []byte("foo"), true, nil
+					},
+				},
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tc := run(t)
+			if err := tc.acc.save(tc.db, tc.old); err != nil {
+				if assert.NotNil(t, tc.err) {
+					ae, ok := err.(*Error)
+					assert.True(t, ok)
+					assert.HasPrefix(t, ae.Error(), tc.err.Error())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.StatusCode(), tc.err.StatusCode())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, tc.err.Type)
+				}
+			} else {
+				assert.Nil(t, tc.err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAccountSaveNew(t *testing.T) {
+	type test struct {
+		acc *account
+		db  nosql.DB
+		err *Error
+	}
+	tests := map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"fail/keyToID-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc, err := newAcc()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			acc.Key.Key = "foo"
+			return test{
+				acc: acc,
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.New("error generating jwk thumbprint: square/go-jose: unknown key type 'string'")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/swap-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc, err := newAcc()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			kid, err := keyToID(acc.Key)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			return test{
+				acc: acc,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, bucket, accountByKeyIDTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, key, []byte(kid))
+						assert.Equals(t, old, nil)
+						assert.Equals(t, newval, []byte(acc.ID))
+						return nil, false, errors.New("force")
+					},
+				},
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.New("error setting key-id to account-id index: force")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/swap-false": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc, err := newAcc()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			kid, err := keyToID(acc.Key)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			return test{
+				acc: acc,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, bucket, accountByKeyIDTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, key, []byte(kid))
+						assert.Equals(t, old, nil)
+						assert.Equals(t, newval, []byte(acc.ID))
+						return nil, false, nil
+					},
+				},
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.New("key-id to account-id index already exists")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/save-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc, err := newAcc()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			kid, err := keyToID(acc.Key)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			b, err := json.Marshal(acc)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			count := 0
+			return test{
+				acc: acc,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+						if count == 0 {
+							assert.Equals(t, bucket, accountByKeyIDTable)
+							assert.Equals(t, key, []byte(kid))
+							assert.Equals(t, old, nil)
+							assert.Equals(t, newval, []byte(acc.ID))
+							count++
+							return nil, true, nil
+						}
+						assert.Equals(t, bucket, accountTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, key, []byte(acc.ID))
+						assert.Equals(t, old, nil)
+						assert.Equals(t, newval, b)
+						return nil, false, errors.New("force")
+					},
+					MDel: func(bucket, key []byte) error {
+						assert.Equals(t, bucket, accountByKeyIDTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, key, []byte(kid))
+						return nil
+					},
+				},
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.New("error storing account: force")),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc, err := newAcc()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			kid, err := keyToID(acc.Key)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			b, err := json.Marshal(acc)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			count := 0
+			return test{
+				acc: acc,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+						if count == 0 {
+							assert.Equals(t, bucket, accountByKeyIDTable)
+							assert.Equals(t, key, []byte(kid))
+							assert.Equals(t, old, nil)
+							assert.Equals(t, newval, []byte(acc.ID))
+							count++
+							return nil, true, nil
+						}
+						assert.Equals(t, bucket, accountTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, key, []byte(acc.ID))
+						assert.Equals(t, old, nil)
+						assert.Equals(t, newval, b)
+						return nil, true, nil
+					},
+				},
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tc := run(t)
+			if err := tc.acc.saveNew(tc.db); err != nil {
+				if assert.NotNil(t, tc.err) {
+					ae, ok := err.(*Error)
+					assert.True(t, ok)
+					assert.HasPrefix(t, ae.Error(), tc.err.Error())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.StatusCode(), tc.err.StatusCode())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, tc.err.Type)
+				}
+			} else {
+				assert.Nil(t, tc.err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAccountUpdate(t *testing.T) {
+	type test struct {
+		acc     *account
+		contact []string
+		db      nosql.DB
+		res     []byte
+		err     *Error
+	}
+	contact := []string{"foo", "bar"}
+	tests := map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"fail/save-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc, err := newAcc()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			oldb, err := json.Marshal(acc)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+
+			_acc := *acc
+			clone := &_acc
+			clone.Contact = contact
+			b, err := json.Marshal(clone)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			return test{
+				acc:     acc,
+				contact: contact,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, bucket, accountTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, key, []byte(acc.ID))
+						assert.Equals(t, old, oldb)
+						assert.Equals(t, newval, b)
+						return nil, false, errors.New("force")
+					},
+				},
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.New("error storing account: force")),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc, err := newAcc()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			oldb, err := json.Marshal(acc)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+
+			_acc := *acc
+			clone := &_acc
+			clone.Contact = contact
+			b, err := json.Marshal(clone)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			return test{
+				acc:     acc,
+				contact: contact,
+				res:     b,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, bucket, accountTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, key, []byte(acc.ID))
+						assert.Equals(t, old, oldb)
+						assert.Equals(t, newval, b)
+						return nil, true, nil
+					},
+				},
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tc := run(t)
+			acc, err := tc.acc.update(tc.db, tc.contact)
+			if err != nil {
+				if assert.NotNil(t, tc.err) {
+					ae, ok := err.(*Error)
+					assert.True(t, ok)
+					assert.HasPrefix(t, ae.Error(), tc.err.Error())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.StatusCode(), tc.err.StatusCode())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, tc.err.Type)
+				}
+			} else {
+				if assert.Nil(t, tc.err) {
+					b, err := json.Marshal(acc)
+					assert.FatalError(t, err)
+					assert.Equals(t, b, tc.res)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAccountDeactivate(t *testing.T) {
+	type test struct {
+		acc *account
+		db  nosql.DB
+		err *Error
+	}
+	tests := map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"fail/save-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc, err := newAcc()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			oldb, err := json.Marshal(acc)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+
+			return test{
+				acc: acc,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, bucket, accountTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, key, []byte(acc.ID))
+						assert.Equals(t, old, oldb)
+						return nil, false, errors.New("force")
+					},
+				},
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.New("error storing account: force")),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc, err := newAcc()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			oldb, err := json.Marshal(acc)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+
+			return test{
+				acc: acc,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, bucket, accountTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, key, []byte(acc.ID))
+						assert.Equals(t, old, oldb)
+						return nil, true, nil
+					},
+				},
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tc := run(t)
+			acc, err := tc.acc.deactivate(tc.db)
+			if err != nil {
+				if assert.NotNil(t, tc.err) {
+					ae, ok := err.(*Error)
+					assert.True(t, ok)
+					assert.HasPrefix(t, ae.Error(), tc.err.Error())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.StatusCode(), tc.err.StatusCode())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, tc.err.Type)
+				}
+			} else {
+				if assert.Nil(t, tc.err) {
+					assert.Equals(t, acc.ID, tc.acc.ID)
+					assert.Equals(t, acc.Contact, tc.acc.Contact)
+					assert.Equals(t, acc.Status, StatusDeactivated)
+					assert.Equals(t, acc.Key.KeyID, tc.acc.Key.KeyID)
+					assert.Equals(t, acc.Created, tc.acc.Created)
+
+					assert.True(t, acc.Deactivated.Before(time.Now().Add(time.Minute)))
+					assert.True(t, acc.Deactivated.After(time.Now().Add(-time.Minute)))
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNewAccount(t *testing.T) {
+	jwk, err := jose.GenerateJWK("EC", "P-256", "ES256", "sig", "", 0)
+	assert.FatalError(t, err)
+	kid, err := keyToID(jwk)
+	assert.FatalError(t, err)
+	ops := AccountOptions{
+		Key:     jwk,
+		Contact: []string{"foo", "bar"},
+	}
+	type test struct {
+		ops AccountOptions
+		db  nosql.DB
+		err *Error
+		id  *string
+	}
+	tests := map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"fail/store-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				ops: ops,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+						return nil, false, errors.New("force")
+					},
+				},
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.New("error setting key-id to account-id index: force")),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			var _id string
+			id := &_id
+			count := 0
+			return test{
+				ops: ops,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+						switch count {
+						case 0:
+							assert.Equals(t, bucket, accountByKeyIDTable)
+							assert.Equals(t, key, []byte(kid))
+						case 1:
+							assert.Equals(t, bucket, accountTable)
+							*id = string(key)
+						}
+						count++
+						return nil, true, nil
+					},
+				},
+				id: id,
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		tc := run(t)
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			acc, err := newAccount(tc.db, tc.ops)
+			if err != nil {
+				if assert.NotNil(t, tc.err) {
+					ae, ok := err.(*Error)
+					assert.True(t, ok)
+					assert.HasPrefix(t, ae.Error(), tc.err.Error())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.StatusCode(), tc.err.StatusCode())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, tc.err.Type)
+				}
+			} else {
+				if assert.Nil(t, tc.err) {
+					assert.Equals(t, acc.ID, *tc.id)
+					assert.Equals(t, acc.Status, StatusValid)
+					assert.Equals(t, acc.Contact, ops.Contact)
+					assert.Equals(t, acc.Key.KeyID, ops.Key.KeyID)
+
+					assert.True(t, acc.Deactivated.IsZero())
+
+					assert.True(t, acc.Created.Before(time.Now().UTC().Add(time.Minute)))
+					assert.True(t, acc.Created.After(time.Now().UTC().Add(-1*time.Minute)))
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

acme/api/account.go

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/go-chi/chi"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/acme"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/api"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/logging"
+)
+
+// NewAccountRequest represents the payload for a new account request.
+type NewAccountRequest struct {
+	Contact              []string `json:"contact"`
+	OnlyReturnExisting   bool     `json:"onlyReturnExisting"`
+	TermsOfServiceAgreed bool     `json:"termsOfServiceAgreed"`
+}
+
+func validateContacts(cs []string) error {
+	for _, c := range cs {
+		if len(c) == 0 {
+			return acme.MalformedErr(errors.New("contact cannot be empty string"))
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Validate validates a new-account request body.
+func (n *NewAccountRequest) Validate() error {
+	if n.OnlyReturnExisting && len(n.Contact) > 0 {
+		return acme.MalformedErr(errors.New("incompatible input; onlyReturnExisting must be alone"))
+	}
+	return validateContacts(n.Contact)
+}
+
+// UpdateAccountRequest represents an update-account request.
+type UpdateAccountRequest struct {
+	Contact []string `json:"contact"`
+	Status  string   `json:"status"`
+}
+
+// IsDeactivateRequest returns true if the update request is a deactivation
+// request, false otherwise.
+func (u *UpdateAccountRequest) IsDeactivateRequest() bool {
+	return u.Status == acme.StatusDeactivated
+}
+
+// Validate validates a update-account request body.
+func (u *UpdateAccountRequest) Validate() error {
+	switch {
+	case len(u.Status) > 0 && len(u.Contact) > 0:
+		return acme.MalformedErr(errors.New("incompatible input; contact and " +
+			"status updates are mutually exclusive"))
+	case len(u.Contact) > 0:
+		if err := validateContacts(u.Contact); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return nil
+	case len(u.Status) > 0:
+		if u.Status != acme.StatusDeactivated {
+			return acme.MalformedErr(errors.Errorf("cannot update account "+
+				"status to %s, only deactivated", u.Status))
+		}
+		return nil
+	default:
+		return acme.MalformedErr(errors.Errorf("empty update request"))
+	}
+}
+
+// NewAccount is the handler resource for creating new ACME accounts.
+func (h *Handler) NewAccount(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	prov, err := provisionerFromContext(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	payload, err := payloadFromContext(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	var nar NewAccountRequest
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(payload.value, &nar); err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, acme.MalformedErr(errors.Wrap(err,
+			"failed to unmarshal new-account request payload")))
+		return
+	}
+	if err := nar.Validate(); err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	httpStatus := http.StatusCreated
+	acc, err := accountFromContext(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		acmeErr, ok := err.(*acme.Error)
+		if !ok || acmeErr.Status != http.StatusNotFound {
+			// Something went wrong ...
+			api.WriteError(w, err)
+			return
+		}
+
+		// Account does not exist //
+		if nar.OnlyReturnExisting {
+			api.WriteError(w, acme.AccountDoesNotExistErr(nil))
+			return
+		}
+		jwk, err := jwkFromContext(r)
+		if err != nil {
+			api.WriteError(w, err)
+			return
+		}
+
+		if acc, err = h.Auth.NewAccount(prov, acme.AccountOptions{
+			Key:     jwk,
+			Contact: nar.Contact,
+		}); err != nil {
+			api.WriteError(w, err)
+			return
+		}
+	} else {
+		// Account exists //
+		httpStatus = http.StatusOK
+	}
+
+	w.Header().Set("Location", h.Auth.GetLink(acme.AccountLink,
+		acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov), true, acc.GetID()))
+	api.JSONStatus(w, acc, httpStatus)
+	return
+}
+
+// GetUpdateAccount is the api for updating an ACME account.
+func (h *Handler) GetUpdateAccount(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	prov, err := provisionerFromContext(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	acc, err := accountFromContext(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	payload, err := payloadFromContext(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if !payload.isPostAsGet {
+		var uar UpdateAccountRequest
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(payload.value, &uar); err != nil {
+			api.WriteError(w, acme.MalformedErr(errors.Wrap(err, "failed to unmarshal new-account request payload")))
+			return
+		}
+		if err := uar.Validate(); err != nil {
+			api.WriteError(w, err)
+			return
+		}
+		var err error
+		if uar.IsDeactivateRequest() {
+			acc, err = h.Auth.DeactivateAccount(prov, acc.GetID())
+		} else {
+			acc, err = h.Auth.UpdateAccount(prov, acc.GetID(), uar.Contact)
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			api.WriteError(w, err)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	w.Header().Set("Location", h.Auth.GetLink(acme.AccountLink, acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov), true, acc.GetID()))
+	api.JSON(w, acc)
+	return
+}
+
+func logOrdersByAccount(w http.ResponseWriter, oids []string) {
+	if rl, ok := w.(logging.ResponseLogger); ok {
+		m := map[string]interface{}{
+			"orders": oids,
+		}
+		rl.WithFields(m)
+	}
+}
+
+// GetOrdersByAccount ACME api for retrieving the list of order urls belonging to an account.
+func (h *Handler) GetOrdersByAccount(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	prov, err := provisionerFromContext(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	acc, err := accountFromContext(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	accID := chi.URLParam(r, "accID")
+	if acc.ID != accID {
+		api.WriteError(w, acme.UnauthorizedErr(errors.New("account ID does not match url param")))
+		return
+	}
+	orders, err := h.Auth.GetOrdersByAccount(prov, acc.GetID())
+	if err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	api.JSON(w, orders)
+	logOrdersByAccount(w, orders)
+	return
+}

acme/api/account_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,790 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/go-chi/chi"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/smallstep/assert"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/acme"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/authority/provisioner"
+	"github.com/smallstep/cli/jose"
+)
+
+var (
+	defaultDisableRenewal   = false
+	globalProvisionerClaims = provisioner.Claims{
+		MinTLSDur:      &provisioner.Duration{Duration: 5 * time.Minute},
+		MaxTLSDur:      &provisioner.Duration{Duration: 24 * time.Hour},
+		DefaultTLSDur:  &provisioner.Duration{Duration: 24 * time.Hour},
+		DisableRenewal: &defaultDisableRenewal,
+	}
+)
+
+func newProv() provisioner.Interface {
+	// Initialize provisioners
+	p := &provisioner.ACME{
+		Type: "ACME",
+		Name: "test@acme-provisioner.com",
+	}
+	if err := p.Init(provisioner.Config{Claims: globalProvisionerClaims}); err != nil {
+		fmt.Printf("%v", err)
+	}
+	return p
+}
+
+func TestNewAccountRequestValidate(t *testing.T) {
+	type test struct {
+		nar *NewAccountRequest
+		err *acme.Error
+	}
+	var tests = map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"fail/incompatible-input": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				nar: &NewAccountRequest{
+					OnlyReturnExisting: true,
+					Contact:            []string{"foo", "bar"},
+				},
+				err: acme.MalformedErr(errors.Errorf("incompatible input; onlyReturnExisting must be alone")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/bad-contact": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				nar: &NewAccountRequest{
+					Contact: []string{"foo", ""},
+				},
+				err: acme.MalformedErr(errors.Errorf("contact cannot be empty string")),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				nar: &NewAccountRequest{
+					Contact: []string{"foo", "bar"},
+				},
+			}
+		},
+		"ok/onlyReturnExisting": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				nar: &NewAccountRequest{
+					OnlyReturnExisting: true,
+				},
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		tc := run(t)
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if err := tc.nar.Validate(); err != nil {
+				if assert.NotNil(t, err) {
+					ae, ok := err.(*acme.Error)
+					assert.True(t, ok)
+					assert.HasPrefix(t, ae.Error(), tc.err.Error())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.StatusCode(), tc.err.StatusCode())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, tc.err.Type)
+				}
+			} else {
+				assert.Nil(t, tc.err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUpdateAccountRequestValidate(t *testing.T) {
+	type test struct {
+		uar *UpdateAccountRequest
+		err *acme.Error
+	}
+	var tests = map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"fail/incompatible-input": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				uar: &UpdateAccountRequest{
+					Contact: []string{"foo", "bar"},
+					Status:  "foo",
+				},
+				err: acme.MalformedErr(errors.Errorf("incompatible input; " +
+					"contact and status updates are mutually exclusive")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/bad-contact": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				uar: &UpdateAccountRequest{
+					Contact: []string{"foo", ""},
+				},
+				err: acme.MalformedErr(errors.Errorf("contact cannot be empty string")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/bad-status": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				uar: &UpdateAccountRequest{
+					Status: "foo",
+				},
+				err: acme.MalformedErr(errors.Errorf("cannot update account " +
+					"status to foo, only deactivated")),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok/contact": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				uar: &UpdateAccountRequest{
+					Contact: []string{"foo", "bar"},
+				},
+			}
+		},
+		"ok/status": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				uar: &UpdateAccountRequest{
+					Status: "deactivated",
+				},
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		tc := run(t)
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if err := tc.uar.Validate(); err != nil {
+				if assert.NotNil(t, err) {
+					ae, ok := err.(*acme.Error)
+					assert.True(t, ok)
+					assert.HasPrefix(t, ae.Error(), tc.err.Error())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.StatusCode(), tc.err.StatusCode())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, tc.err.Type)
+				}
+			} else {
+				assert.Nil(t, tc.err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandlerGetOrdersByAccount(t *testing.T) {
+	oids := []string{
+		"https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/order/foo",
+		"https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/order/bar",
+	}
+	accID := "account-id"
+	prov := newProv()
+
+	// Request with chi context
+	chiCtx := chi.NewRouteContext()
+	chiCtx.URLParams.Add("accID", accID)
+	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://ca.smallstep.com/acme/account/%s/orders", accID)
+
+	type test struct {
+		auth       acme.Interface
+		ctx        context.Context
+		statusCode int
+		problem    *acme.Error
+	}
+	var tests = map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"fail/no-provisioner": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				auth:       &mockAcmeAuthority{},
+				ctx:        context.Background(),
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.Errorf("provisioner expected in request context")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/nil-provisioner": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				auth:       &mockAcmeAuthority{},
+				ctx:        context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, nil),
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.Errorf("provisioner expected in request context")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/no-account": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				auth:       &mockAcmeAuthority{},
+				ctx:        context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov),
+				statusCode: 404,
+				problem:    acme.AccountDoesNotExistErr(nil),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/nil-account": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, nil)
+			return test{
+				auth:       &mockAcmeAuthority{},
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 404,
+				problem:    acme.AccountDoesNotExistErr(nil),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/account-id-mismatch": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc := &acme.Account{ID: "foo"}
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, chi.RouteCtxKey, chiCtx)
+			return test{
+				auth:       &mockAcmeAuthority{},
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 401,
+				problem:    acme.UnauthorizedErr(errors.New("account ID does not match url param")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/getOrdersByAccount-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc := &acme.Account{ID: accID}
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, chi.RouteCtxKey, chiCtx)
+			return test{
+				auth: &mockAcmeAuthority{
+					err: acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("force")),
+				},
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("force")),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc := &acme.Account{ID: accID}
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, chi.RouteCtxKey, chiCtx)
+			return test{
+				auth: &mockAcmeAuthority{
+					getOrdersByAccount: func(p provisioner.Interface, id string) ([]string, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, p, prov)
+						assert.Equals(t, id, acc.ID)
+						return oids, nil
+					},
+				},
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 200,
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		tc := run(t)
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			h := New(tc.auth).(*Handler)
+			req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", url, nil)
+			req = req.WithContext(tc.ctx)
+			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			h.GetOrdersByAccount(w, req)
+			res := w.Result()
+
+			assert.Equals(t, res.StatusCode, tc.statusCode)
+
+			body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
+			res.Body.Close()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+
+			if res.StatusCode >= 400 && assert.NotNil(t, tc.problem) {
+				var ae acme.AError
+				assert.FatalError(t, json.Unmarshal(bytes.TrimSpace(body), &ae))
+				prob := tc.problem.ToACME()
+
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, prob.Type)
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Detail, prob.Detail)
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Identifier, prob.Identifier)
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Subproblems, prob.Subproblems)
+				assert.Equals(t, res.Header["Content-Type"], []string{"application/problem+json"})
+			} else {
+				expB, err := json.Marshal(oids)
+				assert.FatalError(t, err)
+				assert.Equals(t, bytes.TrimSpace(body), expB)
+				assert.Equals(t, res.Header["Content-Type"], []string{"application/json"})
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandlerNewAccount(t *testing.T) {
+	accID := "accountID"
+	acc := acme.Account{
+		ID:     accID,
+		Status: "valid",
+		Orders: fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/account/%s/orders", accID),
+	}
+	prov := newProv()
+
+	url := "https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/new-account"
+
+	type test struct {
+		auth       acme.Interface
+		ctx        context.Context
+		statusCode int
+		problem    *acme.Error
+	}
+	var tests = map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"fail/no-provisioner": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				ctx:        context.Background(),
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("provisioner expected in request context")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/nil-provisioner": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, nil)
+			return test{
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("provisioner expected in request context")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/no-payload": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				ctx:        context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov),
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("payload expected in request context")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/nil-payload": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, payloadContextKey, nil)
+			return test{
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("payload expected in request context")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/unmarshal-payload-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, payloadContextKey, &payloadInfo{})
+			return test{
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 400,
+				problem:    acme.MalformedErr(errors.New("failed to unmarshal new-account request payload: unexpected end of JSON input")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/malformed-payload-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			nar := &NewAccountRequest{
+				Contact: []string{"foo", ""},
+			}
+			b, err := json.Marshal(nar)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, payloadContextKey, &payloadInfo{value: b})
+			return test{
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 400,
+				problem:    acme.MalformedErr(errors.New("contact cannot be empty string")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/no-existing-account": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			nar := &NewAccountRequest{
+				OnlyReturnExisting: true,
+			}
+			b, err := json.Marshal(nar)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, payloadContextKey, &payloadInfo{value: b})
+			return test{
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 404,
+				problem:    acme.AccountDoesNotExistErr(nil),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/no-jwk": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			nar := &NewAccountRequest{
+				Contact: []string{"foo", "bar"},
+			}
+			b, err := json.Marshal(nar)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, payloadContextKey, &payloadInfo{value: b})
+			return test{
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.Errorf("jwk expected in request context")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/nil-jwk": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			nar := &NewAccountRequest{
+				Contact: []string{"foo", "bar"},
+			}
+			b, err := json.Marshal(nar)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, payloadContextKey, &payloadInfo{value: b})
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, jwkContextKey, nil)
+			return test{
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.Errorf("jwk expected in request context")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/NewAccount-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			nar := &NewAccountRequest{
+				Contact: []string{"foo", "bar"},
+			}
+			b, err := json.Marshal(nar)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			jwk, err := jose.GenerateJWK("EC", "P-256", "ES256", "sig", "", 0)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, payloadContextKey, &payloadInfo{value: b})
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, jwkContextKey, jwk)
+			return test{
+				auth: &mockAcmeAuthority{
+					newAccount: func(p provisioner.Interface, ops acme.AccountOptions) (*acme.Account, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, p, prov)
+						assert.Equals(t, ops.Contact, nar.Contact)
+						assert.Equals(t, ops.Key, jwk)
+						return nil, acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("force"))
+					},
+				},
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("force")),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok/new-account": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			nar := &NewAccountRequest{
+				Contact: []string{"foo", "bar"},
+			}
+			b, err := json.Marshal(nar)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			jwk, err := jose.GenerateJWK("EC", "P-256", "ES256", "sig", "", 0)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, payloadContextKey, &payloadInfo{value: b})
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, jwkContextKey, jwk)
+			return test{
+				auth: &mockAcmeAuthority{
+					newAccount: func(p provisioner.Interface, ops acme.AccountOptions) (*acme.Account, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, p, prov)
+						assert.Equals(t, ops.Contact, nar.Contact)
+						assert.Equals(t, ops.Key, jwk)
+						return &acc, nil
+					},
+					getLink: func(typ acme.Link, provID string, abs bool, in ...string) string {
+						assert.Equals(t, provID, acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov))
+						assert.Equals(t, typ, acme.AccountLink)
+						assert.True(t, abs)
+						assert.Equals(t, in, []string{accID})
+						return fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/account/%s",
+							acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov), accID)
+					},
+				},
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 201,
+			}
+		},
+		"ok/return-existing": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			nar := &NewAccountRequest{
+				OnlyReturnExisting: true,
+			}
+			b, err := json.Marshal(nar)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, payloadContextKey, &payloadInfo{value: b})
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, &acc)
+			return test{
+				auth: &mockAcmeAuthority{
+					getLink: func(typ acme.Link, provID string, abs bool, in ...string) string {
+						assert.Equals(t, provID, acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov))
+						assert.Equals(t, typ, acme.AccountLink)
+						assert.True(t, abs)
+						assert.Equals(t, in, []string{accID})
+						return fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/account/%s",
+							acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov), accID)
+					},
+				},
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 200,
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		tc := run(t)
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			h := New(tc.auth).(*Handler)
+			req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", url, nil)
+			req = req.WithContext(tc.ctx)
+			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			h.NewAccount(w, req)
+			res := w.Result()
+
+			assert.Equals(t, res.StatusCode, tc.statusCode)
+
+			body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
+			res.Body.Close()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+
+			if res.StatusCode >= 400 && assert.NotNil(t, tc.problem) {
+				var ae acme.AError
+				assert.FatalError(t, json.Unmarshal(bytes.TrimSpace(body), &ae))
+				prob := tc.problem.ToACME()
+
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, prob.Type)
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Detail, prob.Detail)
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Identifier, prob.Identifier)
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Subproblems, prob.Subproblems)
+				assert.Equals(t, res.Header["Content-Type"], []string{"application/problem+json"})
+			} else {
+				expB, err := json.Marshal(acc)
+				assert.FatalError(t, err)
+				assert.Equals(t, bytes.TrimSpace(body), expB)
+				assert.Equals(t, res.Header["Location"],
+					[]string{fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/account/%s",
+						acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov), accID)})
+				assert.Equals(t, res.Header["Content-Type"], []string{"application/json"})
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandlerGetUpdateAccount(t *testing.T) {
+	accID := "accountID"
+	acc := acme.Account{
+		ID:     accID,
+		Status: "valid",
+		Orders: fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/account/%s/orders", accID),
+	}
+	prov := newProv()
+
+	// Request with chi context
+	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://ca.smallstep.com/acme/account/%s", accID)
+
+	type test struct {
+		auth       acme.Interface
+		ctx        context.Context
+		statusCode int
+		problem    *acme.Error
+	}
+	var tests = map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"fail/no-provisioner": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				ctx:        context.Background(),
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("provisioner expected in request context")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/nil-provisioner": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, nil)
+			return test{
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("provisioner expected in request context")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/no-account": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				ctx:        context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov),
+				statusCode: 404,
+				problem:    acme.AccountDoesNotExistErr(nil),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/nil-account": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, nil)
+			return test{
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 404,
+				problem:    acme.AccountDoesNotExistErr(nil),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/no-payload": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, &acc)
+			return test{
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("payload expected in request context")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/nil-payload": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, &acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, payloadContextKey, nil)
+			return test{
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("payload expected in request context")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/unmarshal-payload-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, &acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, payloadContextKey, &payloadInfo{})
+			return test{
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 400,
+				problem:    acme.MalformedErr(errors.New("failed to unmarshal new-account request payload: unexpected end of JSON input")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/malformed-payload-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			uar := &UpdateAccountRequest{
+				Contact: []string{"foo", ""},
+			}
+			b, err := json.Marshal(uar)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, &acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, payloadContextKey, &payloadInfo{value: b})
+			return test{
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 400,
+				problem:    acme.MalformedErr(errors.New("contact cannot be empty string")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/Deactivate-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			uar := &UpdateAccountRequest{
+				Status: "deactivated",
+			}
+			b, err := json.Marshal(uar)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, &acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, payloadContextKey, &payloadInfo{value: b})
+			return test{
+				auth: &mockAcmeAuthority{
+					deactivateAccount: func(p provisioner.Interface, id string) (*acme.Account, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, p, prov)
+						assert.Equals(t, id, accID)
+						return nil, acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("force"))
+					},
+				},
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("force")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/UpdateAccount-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			uar := &UpdateAccountRequest{
+				Contact: []string{"foo", "bar"},
+			}
+			b, err := json.Marshal(uar)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, &acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, payloadContextKey, &payloadInfo{value: b})
+			return test{
+				auth: &mockAcmeAuthority{
+					updateAccount: func(p provisioner.Interface, id string, contacts []string) (*acme.Account, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, p, prov)
+						assert.Equals(t, id, accID)
+						assert.Equals(t, contacts, uar.Contact)
+						return nil, acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("force"))
+					},
+				},
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("force")),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok/deactivate": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			uar := &UpdateAccountRequest{
+				Status: "deactivated",
+			}
+			b, err := json.Marshal(uar)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, &acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, payloadContextKey, &payloadInfo{value: b})
+			return test{
+				auth: &mockAcmeAuthority{
+					deactivateAccount: func(p provisioner.Interface, id string) (*acme.Account, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, p, prov)
+						assert.Equals(t, id, accID)
+						return &acc, nil
+					},
+					getLink: func(typ acme.Link, provID string, abs bool, in ...string) string {
+						assert.Equals(t, typ, acme.AccountLink)
+						assert.Equals(t, provID, acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov))
+						assert.True(t, abs)
+						assert.Equals(t, in, []string{accID})
+						return fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/account/%s",
+							acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov), accID)
+					},
+				},
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 200,
+			}
+		},
+		"ok/new-account": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			uar := &UpdateAccountRequest{
+				Contact: []string{"foo", "bar"},
+			}
+			b, err := json.Marshal(uar)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, &acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, payloadContextKey, &payloadInfo{value: b})
+			return test{
+				auth: &mockAcmeAuthority{
+					updateAccount: func(p provisioner.Interface, id string, contacts []string) (*acme.Account, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, p, prov)
+						assert.Equals(t, id, accID)
+						assert.Equals(t, contacts, uar.Contact)
+						return &acc, nil
+					},
+					getLink: func(typ acme.Link, provID string, abs bool, in ...string) string {
+						assert.Equals(t, typ, acme.AccountLink)
+						assert.Equals(t, provID, acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov))
+						assert.True(t, abs)
+						assert.Equals(t, in, []string{accID})
+						return fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/account/%s",
+							acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov), accID)
+					},
+				},
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 200,
+			}
+		},
+		"ok/post-as-get": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, &acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, payloadContextKey, &payloadInfo{isPostAsGet: true})
+			return test{
+				auth: &mockAcmeAuthority{
+					getLink: func(typ acme.Link, provID string, abs bool, in ...string) string {
+						assert.Equals(t, typ, acme.AccountLink)
+						assert.Equals(t, provID, acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov))
+						assert.True(t, abs)
+						assert.Equals(t, in, []string{accID})
+						return fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/account/%s",
+							acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov), accID)
+					},
+				},
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 200,
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		tc := run(t)
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			h := New(tc.auth).(*Handler)
+			req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", url, nil)
+			req = req.WithContext(tc.ctx)
+			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			h.GetUpdateAccount(w, req)
+			res := w.Result()
+
+			assert.Equals(t, res.StatusCode, tc.statusCode)
+
+			body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
+			res.Body.Close()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+
+			if res.StatusCode >= 400 && assert.NotNil(t, tc.problem) {
+				var ae acme.AError
+				assert.FatalError(t, json.Unmarshal(bytes.TrimSpace(body), &ae))
+				prob := tc.problem.ToACME()
+
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, prob.Type)
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Detail, prob.Detail)
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Identifier, prob.Identifier)
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Subproblems, prob.Subproblems)
+				assert.Equals(t, res.Header["Content-Type"], []string{"application/problem+json"})
+			} else {
+				expB, err := json.Marshal(acc)
+				assert.FatalError(t, err)
+				assert.Equals(t, bytes.TrimSpace(body), expB)
+				assert.Equals(t, res.Header["Location"],
+					[]string{fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/account/%s",
+						acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov), accID)})
+				assert.Equals(t, res.Header["Content-Type"], []string{"application/json"})
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

acme/api/handler.go

@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/go-chi/chi"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/acme"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/api"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/authority/provisioner"
+	"github.com/smallstep/cli/jose"
+)
+
+func link(url, typ string) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("<%s>;rel=\"%s\"", url, typ)
+}
+
+type contextKey string
+
+const (
+	accContextKey         = contextKey("acc")
+	jwsContextKey         = contextKey("jws")
+	jwkContextKey         = contextKey("jwk")
+	payloadContextKey     = contextKey("payload")
+	provisionerContextKey = contextKey("provisioner")
+)
+
+type payloadInfo struct {
+	value       []byte
+	isPostAsGet bool
+	isEmptyJSON bool
+}
+
+func accountFromContext(r *http.Request) (*acme.Account, error) {
+	val, ok := r.Context().Value(accContextKey).(*acme.Account)
+	if !ok || val == nil {
+		return nil, acme.AccountDoesNotExistErr(nil)
+	}
+	return val, nil
+}
+func jwkFromContext(r *http.Request) (*jose.JSONWebKey, error) {
+	val, ok := r.Context().Value(jwkContextKey).(*jose.JSONWebKey)
+	if !ok || val == nil {
+		return nil, acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.Errorf("jwk expected in request context"))
+	}
+	return val, nil
+}
+func jwsFromContext(r *http.Request) (*jose.JSONWebSignature, error) {
+	val, ok := r.Context().Value(jwsContextKey).(*jose.JSONWebSignature)
+	if !ok || val == nil {
+		return nil, acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.Errorf("jws expected in request context"))
+	}
+	return val, nil
+}
+func payloadFromContext(r *http.Request) (*payloadInfo, error) {
+	val, ok := r.Context().Value(payloadContextKey).(*payloadInfo)
+	if !ok || val == nil {
+		return nil, acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.Errorf("payload expected in request context"))
+	}
+	return val, nil
+}
+func provisionerFromContext(r *http.Request) (provisioner.Interface, error) {
+	val, ok := r.Context().Value(provisionerContextKey).(provisioner.Interface)
+	if !ok || val == nil {
+		return nil, acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.Errorf("provisioner expected in request context"))
+	}
+	return val, nil
+}
+
+// New returns a new ACME API router.
+func New(acmeAuth acme.Interface) api.RouterHandler {
+	return &Handler{acmeAuth}
+}
+
+// Handler is the ACME request handler.
+type Handler struct {
+	Auth acme.Interface
+}
+
+// Route traffic and implement the Router interface.
+func (h *Handler) Route(r api.Router) {
+	getLink := h.Auth.GetLink
+	// Standard ACME API
+	r.MethodFunc("GET", getLink(acme.NewNonceLink, "{provisionerID}", false), h.lookupProvisioner(h.addNonce(h.GetNonce)))
+	r.MethodFunc("HEAD", getLink(acme.NewNonceLink, "{provisionerID}", false), h.lookupProvisioner(h.addNonce(h.GetNonce)))
+	r.MethodFunc("GET", getLink(acme.DirectoryLink, "{provisionerID}", false), h.lookupProvisioner(h.addNonce(h.GetDirectory)))
+	r.MethodFunc("HEAD", getLink(acme.DirectoryLink, "{provisionerID}", false), h.lookupProvisioner(h.addNonce(h.GetDirectory)))
+
+	extractPayloadByJWK := func(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
+		return h.lookupProvisioner(h.addNonce(h.addDirLink(h.verifyContentType(h.parseJWS(h.validateJWS(h.extractJWK(h.verifyAndExtractJWSPayload(next))))))))
+	}
+	extractPayloadByKid := func(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
+		return h.lookupProvisioner(h.addNonce(h.addDirLink(h.verifyContentType(h.parseJWS(h.validateJWS(h.lookupJWK(h.verifyAndExtractJWSPayload(next))))))))
+	}
+
+	r.MethodFunc("POST", getLink(acme.NewAccountLink, "{provisionerID}", false), extractPayloadByJWK(h.NewAccount))
+	r.MethodFunc("POST", getLink(acme.AccountLink, "{provisionerID}", false, "{accID}"), extractPayloadByKid(h.GetUpdateAccount))
+	r.MethodFunc("POST", getLink(acme.NewOrderLink, "{provisionerID}", false), extractPayloadByKid(h.NewOrder))
+	r.MethodFunc("POST", getLink(acme.OrderLink, "{provisionerID}", false, "{ordID}"), extractPayloadByKid(h.isPostAsGet(h.GetOrder)))
+	r.MethodFunc("POST", getLink(acme.OrdersByAccountLink, "{provisionerID}", false, "{accID}"), extractPayloadByKid(h.isPostAsGet(h.GetOrdersByAccount)))
+	r.MethodFunc("POST", getLink(acme.FinalizeLink, "{provisionerID}", false, "{ordID}"), extractPayloadByKid(h.FinalizeOrder))
+	r.MethodFunc("POST", getLink(acme.AuthzLink, "{provisionerID}", false, "{authzID}"), extractPayloadByKid(h.isPostAsGet(h.GetAuthz)))
+	r.MethodFunc("POST", getLink(acme.ChallengeLink, "{provisionerID}", false, "{chID}"), extractPayloadByKid(h.GetChallenge))
+	r.MethodFunc("POST", getLink(acme.CertificateLink, "{provisionerID}", false, "{certID}"), extractPayloadByKid(h.isPostAsGet(h.GetCertificate)))
+}
+
+// GetNonce just sets the right header since a Nonce is added to each response
+// by middleware by default.
+func (h *Handler) GetNonce(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	if r.Method == "HEAD" {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	} else {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// GetDirectory is the ACME resource for returning a directory configuration
+// for client configuration.
+func (h *Handler) GetDirectory(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	prov, err := provisionerFromContext(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	dir := h.Auth.GetDirectory(prov)
+	api.JSON(w, dir)
+	return
+}
+
+// GetAuthz ACME api for retrieving an Authz.
+func (h *Handler) GetAuthz(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	prov, err := provisionerFromContext(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	acc, err := accountFromContext(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	authz, err := h.Auth.GetAuthz(prov, acc.GetID(), chi.URLParam(r, "authzID"))
+	if err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	w.Header().Set("Location", h.Auth.GetLink(acme.AuthzLink, acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov), true, authz.GetID()))
+	api.JSON(w, authz)
+	return
+}
+
+// GetChallenge ACME api for retrieving a Challenge.
+func (h *Handler) GetChallenge(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	prov, err := provisionerFromContext(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	acc, err := accountFromContext(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	// Just verify that the payload was set, since we're not strictly adhering
+	// to ACME V2 spec for reasons specified below.
+	_, err = payloadFromContext(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// NOTE: We should be checking that the request is either a POST-as-GET, or
+	// that the payload is an empty JSON block ({}). However, older ACME clients
+	// still send a vestigial body (rather than an empty JSON block) and
+	// strict enforcement would render these clients broken. For the time being
+	// we'll just ignore the body.
+	var (
+		ch   *acme.Challenge
+		chID = chi.URLParam(r, "chID")
+	)
+	ch, err = h.Auth.ValidateChallenge(prov, acc.GetID(), chID, acc.GetKey())
+	if err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	getLink := h.Auth.GetLink
+	w.Header().Add("Link", link(getLink(acme.AuthzLink, acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov), true, ch.GetAuthzID()), "up"))
+	w.Header().Set("Location", getLink(acme.ChallengeLink, acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov), true, ch.GetID()))
+	api.JSON(w, ch)
+	return
+}
+
+// GetCertificate ACME api for retrieving a Certificate.
+func (h *Handler) GetCertificate(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	acc, err := accountFromContext(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	certID := chi.URLParam(r, "certID")
+	certBytes, err := h.Auth.GetCertificate(acc.GetID(), certID)
+	if err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/pem-certificate-chain; charset=utf-8")
+	w.Write(certBytes)
+	return
+}

acme/api/handler_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,771 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"crypto/x509"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"encoding/pem"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/go-chi/chi"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/smallstep/assert"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/acme"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/authority/provisioner"
+	"github.com/smallstep/cli/crypto/pemutil"
+	"github.com/smallstep/cli/jose"
+)
+
+type mockAcmeAuthority struct {
+	deactivateAccount   func(provisioner.Interface, string) (*acme.Account, error)
+	finalizeOrder       func(p provisioner.Interface, accID string, id string, csr *x509.CertificateRequest) (*acme.Order, error)
+	getAccount          func(p provisioner.Interface, id string) (*acme.Account, error)
+	getAccountByKey     func(provisioner.Interface, *jose.JSONWebKey) (*acme.Account, error)
+	getAuthz            func(p provisioner.Interface, accID string, id string) (*acme.Authz, error)
+	getCertificate      func(accID string, id string) ([]byte, error)
+	getChallenge        func(p provisioner.Interface, accID string, id string) (*acme.Challenge, error)
+	getDirectory        func(provisioner.Interface) *acme.Directory
+	getLink             func(acme.Link, string, bool, ...string) string
+	getOrder            func(p provisioner.Interface, accID string, id string) (*acme.Order, error)
+	getOrdersByAccount  func(p provisioner.Interface, id string) ([]string, error)
+	loadProvisionerByID func(string) (provisioner.Interface, error)
+	newAccount          func(provisioner.Interface, acme.AccountOptions) (*acme.Account, error)
+	newNonce            func() (string, error)
+	newOrder            func(provisioner.Interface, acme.OrderOptions) (*acme.Order, error)
+	updateAccount       func(provisioner.Interface, string, []string) (*acme.Account, error)
+	useNonce            func(string) error
+	validateChallenge   func(p provisioner.Interface, accID string, id string, jwk *jose.JSONWebKey) (*acme.Challenge, error)
+	ret1                interface{}
+	err                 error
+}
+
+func (m *mockAcmeAuthority) DeactivateAccount(p provisioner.Interface, id string) (*acme.Account, error) {
+	if m.deactivateAccount != nil {
+		return m.deactivateAccount(p, id)
+	} else if m.err != nil {
+		return nil, m.err
+	}
+	return m.ret1.(*acme.Account), m.err
+}
+
+func (m *mockAcmeAuthority) FinalizeOrder(p provisioner.Interface, accID, id string, csr *x509.CertificateRequest) (*acme.Order, error) {
+	if m.finalizeOrder != nil {
+		return m.finalizeOrder(p, accID, id, csr)
+	} else if m.err != nil {
+		return nil, m.err
+	}
+	return m.ret1.(*acme.Order), m.err
+}
+
+func (m *mockAcmeAuthority) GetAccount(p provisioner.Interface, id string) (*acme.Account, error) {
+	if m.getAccount != nil {
+		return m.getAccount(p, id)
+	} else if m.err != nil {
+		return nil, m.err
+	}
+	return m.ret1.(*acme.Account), m.err
+}
+
+func (m *mockAcmeAuthority) GetAccountByKey(p provisioner.Interface, jwk *jose.JSONWebKey) (*acme.Account, error) {
+	if m.getAccountByKey != nil {
+		return m.getAccountByKey(p, jwk)
+	} else if m.err != nil {
+		return nil, m.err
+	}
+	return m.ret1.(*acme.Account), m.err
+}
+
+func (m *mockAcmeAuthority) GetAuthz(p provisioner.Interface, accID, id string) (*acme.Authz, error) {
+	if m.getAuthz != nil {
+		return m.getAuthz(p, accID, id)
+	} else if m.err != nil {
+		return nil, m.err
+	}
+	return m.ret1.(*acme.Authz), m.err
+}
+
+func (m *mockAcmeAuthority) GetCertificate(accID, id string) ([]byte, error) {
+	if m.getCertificate != nil {
+		return m.getCertificate(accID, id)
+	} else if m.err != nil {
+		return nil, m.err
+	}
+	return m.ret1.([]byte), m.err
+}
+
+func (m *mockAcmeAuthority) GetChallenge(p provisioner.Interface, accID, id string) (*acme.Challenge, error) {
+	if m.getChallenge != nil {
+		return m.getChallenge(p, accID, id)
+	} else if m.err != nil {
+		return nil, m.err
+	}
+	return m.ret1.(*acme.Challenge), m.err
+}
+
+func (m *mockAcmeAuthority) GetDirectory(p provisioner.Interface) *acme.Directory {
+	if m.getDirectory != nil {
+		return m.getDirectory(p)
+	}
+	return m.ret1.(*acme.Directory)
+}
+
+func (m *mockAcmeAuthority) GetLink(typ acme.Link, provID string, abs bool, in ...string) string {
+	if m.getLink != nil {
+		return m.getLink(typ, provID, abs, in...)
+	}
+	return m.ret1.(string)
+}
+
+func (m *mockAcmeAuthority) GetOrder(p provisioner.Interface, accID, id string) (*acme.Order, error) {
+	if m.getOrder != nil {
+		return m.getOrder(p, accID, id)
+	} else if m.err != nil {
+		return nil, m.err
+	}
+	return m.ret1.(*acme.Order), m.err
+}
+
+func (m *mockAcmeAuthority) GetOrdersByAccount(p provisioner.Interface, id string) ([]string, error) {
+	if m.getOrdersByAccount != nil {
+		return m.getOrdersByAccount(p, id)
+	} else if m.err != nil {
+		return nil, m.err
+	}
+	return m.ret1.([]string), m.err
+}
+
+func (m *mockAcmeAuthority) LoadProvisionerByID(provID string) (provisioner.Interface, error) {
+	if m.loadProvisionerByID != nil {
+		return m.loadProvisionerByID(provID)
+	} else if m.err != nil {
+		return nil, m.err
+	}
+	return m.ret1.(provisioner.Interface), m.err
+}
+
+func (m *mockAcmeAuthority) NewAccount(p provisioner.Interface, ops acme.AccountOptions) (*acme.Account, error) {
+	if m.newAccount != nil {
+		return m.newAccount(p, ops)
+	} else if m.err != nil {
+		return nil, m.err
+	}
+	return m.ret1.(*acme.Account), m.err
+}
+
+func (m *mockAcmeAuthority) NewNonce() (string, error) {
+	if m.newNonce != nil {
+		return m.newNonce()
+	} else if m.err != nil {
+		return "", m.err
+	}
+	return m.ret1.(string), m.err
+}
+
+func (m *mockAcmeAuthority) NewOrder(p provisioner.Interface, ops acme.OrderOptions) (*acme.Order, error) {
+	if m.newOrder != nil {
+		return m.newOrder(p, ops)
+	} else if m.err != nil {
+		return nil, m.err
+	}
+	return m.ret1.(*acme.Order), m.err
+}
+
+func (m *mockAcmeAuthority) UpdateAccount(p provisioner.Interface, id string, contact []string) (*acme.Account, error) {
+	if m.updateAccount != nil {
+		return m.updateAccount(p, id, contact)
+	} else if m.err != nil {
+		return nil, m.err
+	}
+	return m.ret1.(*acme.Account), m.err
+}
+
+func (m *mockAcmeAuthority) UseNonce(nonce string) error {
+	if m.useNonce != nil {
+		return m.useNonce(nonce)
+	}
+	return m.err
+}
+
+func (m *mockAcmeAuthority) ValidateChallenge(p provisioner.Interface, accID string, id string, jwk *jose.JSONWebKey) (*acme.Challenge, error) {
+	switch {
+	case m.validateChallenge != nil:
+		return m.validateChallenge(p, accID, id, jwk)
+	case m.err != nil:
+		return nil, m.err
+	default:
+		return m.ret1.(*acme.Challenge), m.err
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandlerGetNonce(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		statusCode int
+	}{
+		{"GET", 204},
+		{"HEAD", 200},
+	}
+
+	// Request with chi context
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "http://ca.smallstep.com/nonce", nil)
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			h := New(nil).(*Handler)
+			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			req.Method = tt.name
+			h.GetNonce(w, req)
+			res := w.Result()
+
+			if res.StatusCode != tt.statusCode {
+				t.Errorf("Handler.GetNonce StatusCode = %d, wants %d", res.StatusCode, tt.statusCode)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandlerGetDirectory(t *testing.T) {
+	auth := acme.NewAuthority(nil, "ca.smallstep.com", "acme", nil)
+	prov := newProv()
+	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/directory", acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov))
+
+	expDir := acme.Directory{
+		NewNonce:   fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/new-nonce", acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov)),
+		NewAccount: fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/new-account", acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov)),
+		NewOrder:   fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/new-order", acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov)),
+		RevokeCert: fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/revoke-cert", acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov)),
+		KeyChange:  fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/key-change", acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov)),
+	}
+
+	type test struct {
+		ctx        context.Context
+		statusCode int
+		problem    *acme.Error
+	}
+	var tests = map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"fail/no-provisioner": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				ctx:        context.Background(),
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("provisioner expected in request context")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/nil-provisioner": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				ctx:        context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, nil),
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("provisioner expected in request context")),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				ctx:        context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov),
+				statusCode: 200,
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		tc := run(t)
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			h := New(auth).(*Handler)
+			req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", url, nil)
+			req = req.WithContext(tc.ctx)
+			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			h.GetDirectory(w, req)
+			res := w.Result()
+
+			assert.Equals(t, res.StatusCode, tc.statusCode)
+
+			body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
+			res.Body.Close()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+
+			if res.StatusCode >= 400 && assert.NotNil(t, tc.problem) {
+				var ae acme.AError
+				assert.FatalError(t, json.Unmarshal(bytes.TrimSpace(body), &ae))
+				prob := tc.problem.ToACME()
+
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, prob.Type)
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Detail, prob.Detail)
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Identifier, prob.Identifier)
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Subproblems, prob.Subproblems)
+				assert.Equals(t, res.Header["Content-Type"], []string{"application/problem+json"})
+			} else {
+				var dir acme.Directory
+				json.Unmarshal(bytes.TrimSpace(body), &dir)
+				assert.Equals(t, dir, expDir)
+				assert.Equals(t, res.Header["Content-Type"], []string{"application/json"})
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandlerGetAuthz(t *testing.T) {
+	expiry := time.Now().UTC().Add(6 * time.Hour)
+	az := acme.Authz{
+		ID: "authzID",
+		Identifier: acme.Identifier{
+			Type:  "dns",
+			Value: "example.com",
+		},
+		Status:   "pending",
+		Expires:  expiry.Format(time.RFC3339),
+		Wildcard: false,
+		Challenges: []*acme.Challenge{
+			{
+				Type:    "http-01",
+				Status:  "pending",
+				Token:   "tok2",
+				URL:     "https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/challenge/chHTTPID",
+				ID:      "chHTTP01ID",
+				AuthzID: "authzID",
+			},
+			{
+				Type:    "dns-01",
+				Status:  "pending",
+				Token:   "tok2",
+				URL:     "https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/challenge/chDNSID",
+				ID:      "chDNSID",
+				AuthzID: "authzID",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	prov := newProv()
+
+	// Request with chi context
+	chiCtx := chi.NewRouteContext()
+	chiCtx.URLParams.Add("authzID", az.ID)
+	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/challenge/%s",
+		acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov), az.ID)
+
+	type test struct {
+		auth       acme.Interface
+		ctx        context.Context
+		statusCode int
+		problem    *acme.Error
+	}
+	var tests = map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"fail/no-provisioner": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				auth:       &mockAcmeAuthority{},
+				ctx:        context.Background(),
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("provisioner expected in request context")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/nil-provisioner": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				auth:       &mockAcmeAuthority{},
+				ctx:        context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, nil),
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("provisioner expected in request context")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/no-account": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				auth:       &mockAcmeAuthority{},
+				ctx:        context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov),
+				statusCode: 404,
+				problem:    acme.AccountDoesNotExistErr(nil),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/nil-account": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, nil)
+			return test{
+				auth:       &mockAcmeAuthority{},
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 404,
+				problem:    acme.AccountDoesNotExistErr(nil),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/getAuthz-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc := &acme.Account{ID: "accID"}
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, chi.RouteCtxKey, chiCtx)
+			return test{
+				auth: &mockAcmeAuthority{
+					err: acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("force")),
+				},
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("force")),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc := &acme.Account{ID: "accID"}
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, chi.RouteCtxKey, chiCtx)
+			return test{
+				auth: &mockAcmeAuthority{
+					getAuthz: func(p provisioner.Interface, accID, id string) (*acme.Authz, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, p, prov)
+						assert.Equals(t, accID, acc.ID)
+						assert.Equals(t, id, az.ID)
+						return &az, nil
+					},
+					getLink: func(typ acme.Link, provID string, abs bool, in ...string) string {
+						assert.Equals(t, provID, acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov))
+						assert.Equals(t, typ, acme.AuthzLink)
+						assert.True(t, abs)
+						assert.Equals(t, in, []string{az.ID})
+						return url
+					},
+				},
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 200,
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		tc := run(t)
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			h := New(tc.auth).(*Handler)
+			req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", url, nil)
+			req = req.WithContext(tc.ctx)
+			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			h.GetAuthz(w, req)
+			res := w.Result()
+
+			assert.Equals(t, res.StatusCode, tc.statusCode)
+
+			body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
+			res.Body.Close()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+
+			if res.StatusCode >= 400 && assert.NotNil(t, tc.problem) {
+				var ae acme.AError
+				assert.FatalError(t, json.Unmarshal(bytes.TrimSpace(body), &ae))
+				prob := tc.problem.ToACME()
+
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, prob.Type)
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Detail, prob.Detail)
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Identifier, prob.Identifier)
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Subproblems, prob.Subproblems)
+				assert.Equals(t, res.Header["Content-Type"], []string{"application/problem+json"})
+			} else {
+				//var gotAz acme.Authz
+				//assert.FatalError(t, json.Unmarshal(bytes.TrimSpace(body), &gotAz))
+				expB, err := json.Marshal(az)
+				assert.FatalError(t, err)
+				assert.Equals(t, bytes.TrimSpace(body), expB)
+				assert.Equals(t, res.Header["Location"], []string{url})
+				assert.Equals(t, res.Header["Content-Type"], []string{"application/json"})
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandlerGetCertificate(t *testing.T) {
+	leaf, err := pemutil.ReadCertificate("../../authority/testdata/certs/foo.crt")
+	assert.FatalError(t, err)
+	inter, err := pemutil.ReadCertificate("../../authority/testdata/certs/intermediate_ca.crt")
+	assert.FatalError(t, err)
+	root, err := pemutil.ReadCertificate("../../authority/testdata/certs/root_ca.crt")
+	assert.FatalError(t, err)
+
+	certBytes := append(pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{
+		Type:  "CERTIFICATE",
+		Bytes: leaf.Raw,
+	}), pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{
+		Type:  "CERTIFICATE",
+		Bytes: inter.Raw,
+	})...)
+	certBytes = append(certBytes, pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{
+		Type:  "CERTIFICATE",
+		Bytes: root.Raw,
+	})...)
+	certID := "certID"
+
+	prov := newProv()
+	// Request with chi context
+	chiCtx := chi.NewRouteContext()
+	chiCtx.URLParams.Add("certID", certID)
+	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/certificate/%s",
+		acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov), certID)
+
+	type test struct {
+		auth       acme.Interface
+		ctx        context.Context
+		statusCode int
+		problem    *acme.Error
+	}
+	var tests = map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"fail/no-account": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				auth:       &mockAcmeAuthority{},
+				ctx:        context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov),
+				statusCode: 404,
+				problem:    acme.AccountDoesNotExistErr(nil),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/nil-account": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), accContextKey, nil)
+			return test{
+				auth:       &mockAcmeAuthority{},
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 404,
+				problem:    acme.AccountDoesNotExistErr(nil),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/getCertificate-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc := &acme.Account{ID: "accID"}
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), accContextKey, acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, chi.RouteCtxKey, chiCtx)
+			return test{
+				auth: &mockAcmeAuthority{
+					err: acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("force")),
+				},
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("force")),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc := &acme.Account{ID: "accID"}
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), accContextKey, acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, chi.RouteCtxKey, chiCtx)
+			return test{
+				auth: &mockAcmeAuthority{
+					getCertificate: func(accID, id string) ([]byte, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, accID, acc.ID)
+						assert.Equals(t, id, certID)
+						return certBytes, nil
+					},
+				},
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 200,
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		tc := run(t)
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			h := New(tc.auth).(*Handler)
+			req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", url, nil)
+			req = req.WithContext(tc.ctx)
+			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			h.GetCertificate(w, req)
+			res := w.Result()
+
+			assert.Equals(t, res.StatusCode, tc.statusCode)
+
+			body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
+			res.Body.Close()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+
+			if res.StatusCode >= 400 && assert.NotNil(t, tc.problem) {
+				var ae acme.AError
+				assert.FatalError(t, json.Unmarshal(bytes.TrimSpace(body), &ae))
+				prob := tc.problem.ToACME()
+
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, prob.Type)
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Detail, prob.Detail)
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Identifier, prob.Identifier)
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Subproblems, prob.Subproblems)
+				assert.Equals(t, res.Header["Content-Type"], []string{"application/problem+json"})
+			} else {
+				assert.Equals(t, bytes.TrimSpace(body), bytes.TrimSpace(certBytes))
+				assert.Equals(t, res.Header["Content-Type"], []string{"application/pem-certificate-chain; charset=utf-8"})
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func ch() acme.Challenge {
+	return acme.Challenge{
+		Type:    "http-01",
+		Status:  "pending",
+		Token:   "tok2",
+		URL:     "https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/challenge/chID",
+		ID:      "chID",
+		AuthzID: "authzID",
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandlerGetChallenge(t *testing.T) {
+	chiCtx := chi.NewRouteContext()
+	chiCtx.URLParams.Add("chID", "chID")
+	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://ca.smallstep.com/acme/challenge/%s", "chID")
+	prov := newProv()
+
+	type test struct {
+		auth       acme.Interface
+		ctx        context.Context
+		statusCode int
+		ch         acme.Challenge
+		problem    *acme.Error
+	}
+	var tests = map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"fail/no-provisioner": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				ctx:        context.Background(),
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("provisioner expected in request context")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/nil-provisioner": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				ctx:        context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, nil),
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("provisioner expected in request context")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/no-account": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				ctx:        context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov),
+				statusCode: 404,
+				problem:    acme.AccountDoesNotExistErr(nil),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/nil-account": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, nil)
+			return test{
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 404,
+				problem:    acme.AccountDoesNotExistErr(nil),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/no-payload": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc := &acme.Account{ID: "accID"}
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, acc)
+			return test{
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("payload expected in request context")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/nil-payload": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc := &acme.Account{ID: "accID"}
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, payloadContextKey, nil)
+			return test{
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("payload expected in request context")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/validate-challenge-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc := &acme.Account{ID: "accID"}
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, payloadContextKey, &payloadInfo{isEmptyJSON: true})
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, chi.RouteCtxKey, chiCtx)
+			return test{
+				auth: &mockAcmeAuthority{
+					err: acme.UnauthorizedErr(nil),
+				},
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 401,
+				problem:    acme.UnauthorizedErr(nil),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/get-challenge-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc := &acme.Account{ID: "accID"}
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, payloadContextKey, &payloadInfo{isPostAsGet: true})
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, chi.RouteCtxKey, chiCtx)
+			return test{
+				auth: &mockAcmeAuthority{
+					err: acme.UnauthorizedErr(nil),
+				},
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 401,
+				problem:    acme.UnauthorizedErr(nil),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok/validate-challenge": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			key, err := jose.GenerateJWK("EC", "P-256", "ES256", "sig", "", 0)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			acc := &acme.Account{ID: "accID", Key: key}
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, payloadContextKey, &payloadInfo{isEmptyJSON: true})
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, chi.RouteCtxKey, chiCtx)
+			ch := ch()
+			ch.Status = "valid"
+			ch.Validated = time.Now().UTC().Format(time.RFC3339)
+			count := 0
+			return test{
+				auth: &mockAcmeAuthority{
+					validateChallenge: func(p provisioner.Interface, accID, id string, jwk *jose.JSONWebKey) (*acme.Challenge, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, p, prov)
+						assert.Equals(t, accID, acc.ID)
+						assert.Equals(t, id, ch.ID)
+						assert.Equals(t, jwk.KeyID, key.KeyID)
+						return &ch, nil
+					},
+					getLink: func(typ acme.Link, provID string, abs bool, in ...string) string {
+						var ret string
+						switch count {
+						case 0:
+							assert.Equals(t, typ, acme.AuthzLink)
+							assert.Equals(t, provID, acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov))
+							assert.True(t, abs)
+							assert.Equals(t, in, []string{ch.AuthzID})
+							ret = fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/authz/%s", ch.AuthzID)
+						case 1:
+							assert.Equals(t, typ, acme.ChallengeLink)
+							assert.Equals(t, provID, acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov))
+							assert.True(t, abs)
+							assert.Equals(t, in, []string{ch.ID})
+							ret = url
+						}
+						count++
+						return ret
+					},
+				},
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 200,
+				ch:         ch,
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		tc := run(t)
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			h := New(tc.auth).(*Handler)
+			req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", url, nil)
+			req = req.WithContext(tc.ctx)
+			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			h.GetChallenge(w, req)
+			res := w.Result()
+
+			assert.Equals(t, res.StatusCode, tc.statusCode)
+
+			body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
+			res.Body.Close()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+
+			if res.StatusCode >= 400 && assert.NotNil(t, tc.problem) {
+				var ae acme.AError
+				assert.FatalError(t, json.Unmarshal(bytes.TrimSpace(body), &ae))
+				prob := tc.problem.ToACME()
+
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, prob.Type)
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Detail, prob.Detail)
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Identifier, prob.Identifier)
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Subproblems, prob.Subproblems)
+				assert.Equals(t, res.Header["Content-Type"], []string{"application/problem+json"})
+			} else {
+				expB, err := json.Marshal(tc.ch)
+				assert.FatalError(t, err)
+				assert.Equals(t, bytes.TrimSpace(body), expB)
+				assert.Equals(t, res.Header["Link"], []string{fmt.Sprintf("<https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/authz/%s>;rel=\"up\"", tc.ch.AuthzID)})
+				assert.Equals(t, res.Header["Location"], []string{url})
+				assert.Equals(t, res.Header["Content-Type"], []string{"application/json"})
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

acme/api/middleware.go

@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/rsa"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/go-chi/chi"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/acme"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/api"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/authority/provisioner"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/logging"
+	"github.com/smallstep/cli/crypto/keys"
+	"github.com/smallstep/cli/jose"
+	"github.com/smallstep/nosql"
+)
+
+type nextHTTP = func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request)
+
+func logNonce(w http.ResponseWriter, nonce string) {
+	if rl, ok := w.(logging.ResponseLogger); ok {
+		m := map[string]interface{}{
+			"nonce": nonce,
+		}
+		rl.WithFields(m)
+	}
+}
+
+// addNonce is a middleware that adds a nonce to the response header.
+func (h *Handler) addNonce(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		nonce, err := h.Auth.NewNonce()
+		if err != nil {
+			api.WriteError(w, err)
+			return
+		}
+		w.Header().Set("Replay-Nonce", nonce)
+		w.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-store")
+		logNonce(w, nonce)
+		next(w, r)
+		return
+	}
+}
+
+// addDirLink is a middleware that adds a 'Link' response reader with the
+// directory index url.
+func (h *Handler) addDirLink(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		prov, err := provisionerFromContext(r)
+		if err != nil {
+			api.WriteError(w, err)
+			return
+		}
+		w.Header().Add("Link", link(h.Auth.GetLink(acme.DirectoryLink, acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov), true), "index"))
+		next(w, r)
+		return
+	}
+}
+
+// verifyContentType is a middleware that verifies that content type is
+// application/jose+json.
+func (h *Handler) verifyContentType(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		prov, err := provisionerFromContext(r)
+		if err != nil {
+			api.WriteError(w, err)
+			return
+		}
+		ct := r.Header.Get("Content-Type")
+		var expected []string
+		if strings.Contains(r.URL.Path, h.Auth.GetLink(acme.CertificateLink, acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov), false, "")) {
+			// GET /certificate requests allow a greater range of content types.
+			expected = []string{"application/jose+json", "application/pkix-cert", "application/pkcs7-mime"}
+		} else {
+			// By default every request should have content-type applictaion/jose+json.
+			expected = []string{"application/jose+json"}
+		}
+		for _, e := range expected {
+			if ct == e {
+				next(w, r)
+				return
+			}
+		}
+		api.WriteError(w, acme.MalformedErr(errors.Errorf(
+			"expected content-type to be in %s, but got %s", expected, ct)))
+		return
+	}
+}
+
+// parseJWS is a middleware that parses a request body into a JSONWebSignature struct.
+func (h *Handler) parseJWS(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
+		if err != nil {
+			api.WriteError(w, acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "failed to read request body")))
+			return
+		}
+		jws, err := jose.ParseJWS(string(body))
+		if err != nil {
+			api.WriteError(w, acme.MalformedErr(errors.Wrap(err, "failed to parse JWS from request body")))
+			return
+		}
+		ctx := context.WithValue(r.Context(), jwsContextKey, jws)
+		next(w, r.WithContext(ctx))
+		return
+	}
+}
+
+// validateJWS checks the request body for to verify that it meets ACME
+// requirements for a JWS.
+//
+// The JWS MUST NOT have multiple signatures
+// The JWS Unencoded Payload Option [RFC7797] MUST NOT be used
+// The JWS Unprotected Header [RFC7515] MUST NOT be used
+// The JWS Payload MUST NOT be detached
+// The JWS Protected Header MUST include the following fields:
+//   * “alg” (Algorithm)
+//     * This field MUST NOT contain “none” or a Message Authentication Code
+//       (MAC) algorithm (e.g. one in which the algorithm registry description
+//       mentions MAC/HMAC).
+//   * “nonce” (defined in Section 6.5)
+//   * “url” (defined in Section 6.4)
+//   * Either “jwk” (JSON Web Key) or “kid” (Key ID) as specified below<Paste>
+func (h *Handler) validateJWS(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		jws, err := jwsFromContext(r)
+		if err != nil {
+			api.WriteError(w, err)
+			return
+		}
+		if len(jws.Signatures) == 0 {
+			api.WriteError(w, acme.MalformedErr(errors.Errorf("request body does not contain a signature")))
+			return
+		}
+		if len(jws.Signatures) > 1 {
+			api.WriteError(w, acme.MalformedErr(errors.Errorf("request body contains more than one signature")))
+			return
+		}
+
+		sig := jws.Signatures[0]
+		uh := sig.Unprotected
+		if len(uh.KeyID) > 0 ||
+			uh.JSONWebKey != nil ||
+			len(uh.Algorithm) > 0 ||
+			len(uh.Nonce) > 0 ||
+			len(uh.ExtraHeaders) > 0 {
+			api.WriteError(w, acme.MalformedErr(errors.Errorf("unprotected header must not be used")))
+			return
+		}
+		hdr := sig.Protected
+		switch hdr.Algorithm {
+		case jose.RS256, jose.RS384, jose.RS512:
+			if hdr.JSONWebKey != nil {
+				switch k := hdr.JSONWebKey.Key.(type) {
+				case *rsa.PublicKey:
+					if k.Size() < keys.MinRSAKeyBytes {
+						api.WriteError(w, acme.MalformedErr(errors.Errorf("rsa "+
+							"keys must be at least %d bits (%d bytes) in size",
+							8*keys.MinRSAKeyBytes, keys.MinRSAKeyBytes)))
+						return
+					}
+				default:
+					api.WriteError(w, acme.MalformedErr(errors.Errorf("jws key type and algorithm do not match")))
+					return
+				}
+			}
+		case jose.ES256, jose.ES384, jose.ES512, jose.EdDSA:
+			// we good
+		default:
+			api.WriteError(w, acme.MalformedErr(errors.Errorf("unsuitable algorithm: %s", hdr.Algorithm)))
+			return
+		}
+
+		// Check the validity/freshness of the Nonce.
+		if err := h.Auth.UseNonce(hdr.Nonce); err != nil {
+			api.WriteError(w, err)
+			return
+		}
+
+		// Check that the JWS url matches the requested url.
+		jwsURL, ok := hdr.ExtraHeaders["url"].(string)
+		if !ok {
+			api.WriteError(w, acme.MalformedErr(errors.Errorf("jws missing url protected header")))
+			return
+		}
+		reqURL := &url.URL{Scheme: "https", Host: r.Host, Path: r.URL.Path}
+		if jwsURL != reqURL.String() {
+			api.WriteError(w, acme.MalformedErr(errors.Errorf("url header in JWS (%s) does not match request url (%s)", jwsURL, reqURL)))
+			return
+		}
+
+		if hdr.JSONWebKey != nil && len(hdr.KeyID) > 0 {
+			api.WriteError(w, acme.MalformedErr(errors.Errorf("jwk and kid are mutually exclusive")))
+			return
+		}
+		if hdr.JSONWebKey == nil && len(hdr.KeyID) == 0 {
+			api.WriteError(w, acme.MalformedErr(errors.Errorf("either jwk or kid must be defined in jws protected header")))
+			return
+		}
+		next(w, r)
+		return
+	}
+}
+
+// extractJWK is a middleware that extracts the JWK from the JWS and saves it
+// in the context. Make sure to parse and validate the JWS before running this
+// middleware.
+func (h *Handler) extractJWK(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		ctx := r.Context()
+		prov, err := provisionerFromContext(r)
+		if err != nil {
+			api.WriteError(w, err)
+			return
+		}
+		jws, err := jwsFromContext(r)
+		if err != nil {
+			api.WriteError(w, err)
+			return
+		}
+		jwk := jws.Signatures[0].Protected.JSONWebKey
+		if jwk == nil {
+			api.WriteError(w, acme.MalformedErr(errors.Errorf("jwk expected in protected header")))
+			return
+		}
+		if !jwk.Valid() {
+			api.WriteError(w, acme.MalformedErr(errors.Errorf("invalid jwk in protected header")))
+			return
+		}
+		ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, jwkContextKey, jwk)
+		acc, err := h.Auth.GetAccountByKey(prov, jwk)
+		switch {
+		case nosql.IsErrNotFound(err):
+			// For NewAccount requests ...
+			break
+		case err != nil:
+			api.WriteError(w, err)
+			return
+		default:
+			if !acc.IsValid() {
+				api.WriteError(w, acme.UnauthorizedErr(errors.New("account is not active")))
+				return
+			}
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, acc)
+		}
+		next(w, r.WithContext(ctx))
+		return
+	}
+}
+
+// lookupProvisioner loads the provisioner associated with the request.
+// Responsds 404 if the provisioner does not exist.
+func (h *Handler) lookupProvisioner(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		ctx := r.Context()
+
+		name := chi.URLParam(r, "provisionerID")
+		provID, err := url.PathUnescape(name)
+		if err != nil {
+			api.WriteError(w, acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrapf(err, "error url unescaping provisioner id '%s'", name)))
+			return
+		}
+		p, err := h.Auth.LoadProvisionerByID("acme/" + provID)
+		if err != nil {
+			api.WriteError(w, err)
+			return
+		}
+		if p.GetType() != provisioner.TypeACME {
+			api.WriteError(w, acme.AccountDoesNotExistErr(errors.New("provisioner must be of type ACME")))
+			return
+		}
+		ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, provisionerContextKey, p)
+		next(w, r.WithContext(ctx))
+		return
+	}
+}
+
+// lookupJWK loads the JWK associated with the acme account referenced by the
+// kid parameter of the signed payload.
+// Make sure to parse and validate the JWS before running this middleware.
+func (h *Handler) lookupJWK(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		ctx := r.Context()
+		prov, err := provisionerFromContext(r)
+		if err != nil {
+			api.WriteError(w, err)
+			return
+		}
+		jws, err := jwsFromContext(r)
+		if err != nil {
+			api.WriteError(w, err)
+			return
+		}
+
+		kidPrefix := h.Auth.GetLink(acme.AccountLink, acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov), true, "")
+		kid := jws.Signatures[0].Protected.KeyID
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(kid, kidPrefix) {
+			api.WriteError(w, acme.MalformedErr(errors.Errorf("kid does not have "+
+				"required prefix; expected %s, but got %s", kidPrefix, kid)))
+			return
+		}
+
+		accID := strings.TrimPrefix(kid, kidPrefix)
+		acc, err := h.Auth.GetAccount(prov, accID)
+		switch {
+		case nosql.IsErrNotFound(err):
+			api.WriteError(w, acme.AccountDoesNotExistErr(nil))
+			return
+		case err != nil:
+			api.WriteError(w, err)
+			return
+		default:
+			if !acc.IsValid() {
+				api.WriteError(w, acme.UnauthorizedErr(errors.New("account is not active")))
+				return
+			}
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, jwkContextKey, acc.Key)
+			next(w, r.WithContext(ctx))
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// verifyAndExtractJWSPayload extracts the JWK from the JWS and saves it in the context.
+// Make sure to parse and validate the JWS before running this middleware.
+func (h *Handler) verifyAndExtractJWSPayload(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		jws, err := jwsFromContext(r)
+		if err != nil {
+			api.WriteError(w, err)
+			return
+		}
+		jwk, err := jwkFromContext(r)
+		if err != nil {
+			api.WriteError(w, err)
+			return
+		}
+		if len(jwk.Algorithm) != 0 && jwk.Algorithm != jws.Signatures[0].Protected.Algorithm {
+			api.WriteError(w, acme.MalformedErr(errors.New("verifier and signature algorithm do not match")))
+			return
+		}
+		payload, err := jws.Verify(jwk)
+		if err != nil {
+			api.WriteError(w, acme.MalformedErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error verifying jws")))
+			return
+		}
+		ctx := context.WithValue(r.Context(), payloadContextKey, &payloadInfo{
+			value:       payload,
+			isPostAsGet: string(payload) == "",
+			isEmptyJSON: string(payload) == "{}",
+		})
+		next(w, r.WithContext(ctx))
+		return
+	}
+}
+
+// isPostAsGet asserts that the request is a PostAsGet (empty JWS payload).
+func (h *Handler) isPostAsGet(next nextHTTP) nextHTTP {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		payload, err := payloadFromContext(r)
+		if err != nil {
+			api.WriteError(w, err)
+			return
+		}
+		if !payload.isPostAsGet {
+			api.WriteError(w, acme.MalformedErr(errors.Errorf("expected POST-as-GET")))
+			return
+		}
+		next(w, r)
+		return
+	}
+}

acme/api/order.go

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"crypto/x509"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/go-chi/chi"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/acme"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/api"
+)
+
+// NewOrderRequest represents the body for a NewOrder request.
+type NewOrderRequest struct {
+	Identifiers []acme.Identifier `json:"identifiers"`
+	NotBefore   time.Time         `json:"notBefore,omitempty"`
+	NotAfter    time.Time         `json:"notAfter,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// Validate validates a new-order request body.
+func (n *NewOrderRequest) Validate() error {
+	if len(n.Identifiers) == 0 {
+		return acme.MalformedErr(errors.Errorf("identifiers list cannot be empty"))
+	}
+	for _, id := range n.Identifiers {
+		if id.Type != "dns" {
+			return acme.MalformedErr(errors.Errorf("identifier type unsupported: %s", id.Type))
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// FinalizeRequest captures the body for a Finalize order request.
+type FinalizeRequest struct {
+	CSR string `json:"csr"`
+	csr *x509.CertificateRequest
+}
+
+// Validate validates a finalize request body.
+func (f *FinalizeRequest) Validate() error {
+	var err error
+	csrBytes, err := base64.RawURLEncoding.DecodeString(f.CSR)
+	if err != nil {
+		return acme.MalformedErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error base64url decoding csr"))
+	}
+	f.csr, err = x509.ParseCertificateRequest(csrBytes)
+	if err != nil {
+		return acme.MalformedErr(errors.Wrap(err, "unable to parse csr"))
+	}
+	if err = f.csr.CheckSignature(); err != nil {
+		return acme.MalformedErr(errors.Wrap(err, "csr failed signature check"))
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// NewOrder ACME api for creating a new order.
+func (h *Handler) NewOrder(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	prov, err := provisionerFromContext(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	acc, err := accountFromContext(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	payload, err := payloadFromContext(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	var nor NewOrderRequest
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(payload.value, &nor); err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, acme.MalformedErr(errors.Wrap(err,
+			"failed to unmarshal new-order request payload")))
+		return
+	}
+	if err := nor.Validate(); err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	o, err := h.Auth.NewOrder(prov, acme.OrderOptions{
+		AccountID:   acc.GetID(),
+		Identifiers: nor.Identifiers,
+		NotBefore:   nor.NotBefore,
+		NotAfter:    nor.NotAfter,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	w.Header().Set("Location", h.Auth.GetLink(acme.OrderLink, acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov), true, o.GetID()))
+	api.JSONStatus(w, o, http.StatusCreated)
+	return
+}
+
+// GetOrder ACME api for retrieving an order.
+func (h *Handler) GetOrder(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	prov, err := provisionerFromContext(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	acc, err := accountFromContext(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	oid := chi.URLParam(r, "ordID")
+	o, err := h.Auth.GetOrder(prov, acc.GetID(), oid)
+	if err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	w.Header().Set("Location", h.Auth.GetLink(acme.OrderLink, acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov), true, o.GetID()))
+	api.JSON(w, o)
+	return
+}
+
+// FinalizeOrder attemptst to finalize an order and create a certificate.
+func (h *Handler) FinalizeOrder(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	prov, err := provisionerFromContext(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	acc, err := accountFromContext(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	payload, err := payloadFromContext(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	var fr FinalizeRequest
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(payload.value, &fr); err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, acme.MalformedErr(errors.Wrap(err, "failed to unmarshal finalize-order request payload")))
+		return
+	}
+	if err := fr.Validate(); err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	oid := chi.URLParam(r, "ordID")
+	o, err := h.Auth.FinalizeOrder(prov, acc.GetID(), oid, fr.csr)
+	if err != nil {
+		api.WriteError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	w.Header().Set("Location", h.Auth.GetLink(acme.OrderLink, acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov), true, o.ID))
+	api.JSON(w, o)
+	return
+}

acme/api/order_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,757 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"crypto/x509"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/go-chi/chi"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/smallstep/assert"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/acme"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/authority/provisioner"
+	"github.com/smallstep/cli/crypto/pemutil"
+)
+
+func TestNewOrderRequestValidate(t *testing.T) {
+	type test struct {
+		nor      *NewOrderRequest
+		nbf, naf time.Time
+		err      *acme.Error
+	}
+	var tests = map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"fail/no-identifiers": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				nor: &NewOrderRequest{},
+				err: acme.MalformedErr(errors.Errorf("identifiers list cannot be empty")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/bad-identifier": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				nor: &NewOrderRequest{
+					Identifiers: []acme.Identifier{
+						{Type: "dns", Value: "example.com"},
+						{Type: "foo", Value: "bar.com"},
+					},
+				},
+				err: acme.MalformedErr(errors.Errorf("identifier type unsupported: foo")),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			nbf := time.Now().UTC().Add(time.Minute)
+			naf := time.Now().UTC().Add(5 * time.Minute)
+			return test{
+				nor: &NewOrderRequest{
+					Identifiers: []acme.Identifier{
+						{Type: "dns", Value: "example.com"},
+						{Type: "dns", Value: "bar.com"},
+					},
+					NotAfter:  naf,
+					NotBefore: nbf,
+				},
+				nbf: nbf,
+				naf: naf,
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		tc := run(t)
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if err := tc.nor.Validate(); err != nil {
+				if assert.NotNil(t, err) {
+					ae, ok := err.(*acme.Error)
+					assert.True(t, ok)
+					assert.HasPrefix(t, ae.Error(), tc.err.Error())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.StatusCode(), tc.err.StatusCode())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, tc.err.Type)
+				}
+			} else {
+				if assert.Nil(t, tc.err) {
+					if tc.nbf.IsZero() {
+						assert.True(t, tc.nor.NotBefore.Before(time.Now().Add(time.Minute)))
+						assert.True(t, tc.nor.NotBefore.After(time.Now().Add(-time.Minute)))
+					} else {
+						assert.Equals(t, tc.nor.NotBefore, tc.nbf)
+					}
+					if tc.naf.IsZero() {
+						assert.True(t, tc.nor.NotAfter.Before(time.Now().Add(24*time.Hour)))
+						assert.True(t, tc.nor.NotAfter.After(time.Now().Add(24*time.Hour-time.Minute)))
+					} else {
+						assert.Equals(t, tc.nor.NotAfter, tc.naf)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFinalizeRequestValidate(t *testing.T) {
+	_csr, err := pemutil.Read("../../authority/testdata/certs/foo.csr")
+	assert.FatalError(t, err)
+	csr, ok := _csr.(*x509.CertificateRequest)
+	assert.Fatal(t, ok)
+	type test struct {
+		fr  *FinalizeRequest
+		err *acme.Error
+	}
+	var tests = map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"fail/parse-csr-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				fr:  &FinalizeRequest{},
+				err: acme.MalformedErr(errors.Errorf("unable to parse csr: asn1: syntax error: sequence truncated")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/invalid-csr-signature": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			b, err := pemutil.Read("../../authority/testdata/certs/badsig.csr")
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			c, ok := b.(*x509.CertificateRequest)
+			assert.Fatal(t, ok)
+			return test{
+				fr: &FinalizeRequest{
+					CSR: base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(c.Raw),
+				},
+				err: acme.MalformedErr(errors.Errorf("csr failed signature check: x509: ECDSA verification failure")),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				fr: &FinalizeRequest{
+					CSR: base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(csr.Raw),
+				},
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		tc := run(t)
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if err := tc.fr.Validate(); err != nil {
+				if assert.NotNil(t, err) {
+					ae, ok := err.(*acme.Error)
+					assert.True(t, ok)
+					assert.HasPrefix(t, ae.Error(), tc.err.Error())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.StatusCode(), tc.err.StatusCode())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, tc.err.Type)
+				}
+			} else {
+				if assert.Nil(t, tc.err) {
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.fr.csr.Raw, csr.Raw)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandlerGetOrder(t *testing.T) {
+	expiry := time.Now().UTC().Add(6 * time.Hour)
+	nbf := time.Now().UTC()
+	naf := time.Now().UTC().Add(24 * time.Hour)
+	o := acme.Order{
+		ID:        "orderID",
+		Expires:   expiry.Format(time.RFC3339),
+		NotBefore: nbf.Format(time.RFC3339),
+		NotAfter:  naf.Format(time.RFC3339),
+		Identifiers: []acme.Identifier{
+			{
+				Type:  "dns",
+				Value: "example.com",
+			},
+			{
+				Type:  "dns",
+				Value: "*.smallstep.com",
+			},
+		},
+		Status:         "pending",
+		Authorizations: []string{"foo", "bar"},
+	}
+
+	// Request with chi context
+	chiCtx := chi.NewRouteContext()
+	chiCtx.URLParams.Add("ordID", o.ID)
+	prov := newProv()
+	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/order/%s",
+		acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov), o.ID)
+
+	type test struct {
+		auth       acme.Interface
+		ctx        context.Context
+		statusCode int
+		problem    *acme.Error
+	}
+	var tests = map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"fail/no-provisioner": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				auth:       &mockAcmeAuthority{},
+				ctx:        context.Background(),
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("provisioner expected in request context")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/nil-provisioner": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				auth:       &mockAcmeAuthority{},
+				ctx:        context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, nil),
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("provisioner expected in request context")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/no-account": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				auth:       &mockAcmeAuthority{},
+				ctx:        context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov),
+				statusCode: 404,
+				problem:    acme.AccountDoesNotExistErr(nil),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/nil-account": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, nil)
+			return test{
+				auth:       &mockAcmeAuthority{},
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 404,
+				problem:    acme.AccountDoesNotExistErr(nil),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/getOrder-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc := &acme.Account{ID: "accID"}
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, chi.RouteCtxKey, chiCtx)
+			return test{
+				auth: &mockAcmeAuthority{
+					err: acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("force")),
+				},
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("force")),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc := &acme.Account{ID: "accID"}
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, chi.RouteCtxKey, chiCtx)
+			return test{
+				auth: &mockAcmeAuthority{
+					getOrder: func(p provisioner.Interface, accID, id string) (*acme.Order, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, p, prov)
+						assert.Equals(t, accID, acc.ID)
+						assert.Equals(t, id, o.ID)
+						return &o, nil
+					},
+					getLink: func(typ acme.Link, provID string, abs bool, in ...string) string {
+						assert.Equals(t, typ, acme.OrderLink)
+						assert.Equals(t, provID, acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov))
+						assert.True(t, abs)
+						assert.Equals(t, in, []string{o.ID})
+						return url
+					},
+				},
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 200,
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		tc := run(t)
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			h := New(tc.auth).(*Handler)
+			req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", url, nil)
+			req = req.WithContext(tc.ctx)
+			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			h.GetOrder(w, req)
+			res := w.Result()
+
+			assert.Equals(t, res.StatusCode, tc.statusCode)
+
+			body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
+			res.Body.Close()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+
+			if res.StatusCode >= 400 && assert.NotNil(t, tc.problem) {
+				var ae acme.AError
+				assert.FatalError(t, json.Unmarshal(bytes.TrimSpace(body), &ae))
+				prob := tc.problem.ToACME()
+
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, prob.Type)
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Detail, prob.Detail)
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Identifier, prob.Identifier)
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Subproblems, prob.Subproblems)
+				assert.Equals(t, res.Header["Content-Type"], []string{"application/problem+json"})
+			} else {
+				expB, err := json.Marshal(o)
+				assert.FatalError(t, err)
+				assert.Equals(t, bytes.TrimSpace(body), expB)
+				assert.Equals(t, res.Header["Location"], []string{url})
+				assert.Equals(t, res.Header["Content-Type"], []string{"application/json"})
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandlerNewOrder(t *testing.T) {
+	expiry := time.Now().UTC().Add(6 * time.Hour)
+	nbf := time.Now().UTC().Add(5 * time.Hour)
+	naf := nbf.Add(17 * time.Hour)
+	o := acme.Order{
+		ID:        "orderID",
+		Expires:   expiry.Format(time.RFC3339),
+		NotBefore: nbf.Format(time.RFC3339),
+		NotAfter:  naf.Format(time.RFC3339),
+		Identifiers: []acme.Identifier{
+			{Type: "dns", Value: "example.com"},
+			{Type: "dns", Value: "bar.com"},
+		},
+		Status:         "pending",
+		Authorizations: []string{"foo", "bar"},
+	}
+
+	prov := newProv()
+	url := fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/new-order",
+		acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov))
+
+	type test struct {
+		auth       acme.Interface
+		ctx        context.Context
+		statusCode int
+		problem    *acme.Error
+	}
+	var tests = map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"fail/no-provisioner": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				auth:       &mockAcmeAuthority{},
+				ctx:        context.Background(),
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("provisioner expected in request context")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/nil-provisioner": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				auth:       &mockAcmeAuthority{},
+				ctx:        context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, nil),
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("provisioner expected in request context")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/no-account": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				ctx:        context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov),
+				statusCode: 404,
+				problem:    acme.AccountDoesNotExistErr(nil),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/nil-account": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, nil)
+			return test{
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 404,
+				problem:    acme.AccountDoesNotExistErr(nil),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/no-payload": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc := &acme.Account{ID: "accID"}
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, acc)
+			return test{
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("payload expected in request context")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/nil-payload": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc := &acme.Account{ID: "accID"}
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, payloadContextKey, nil)
+			return test{
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("payload expected in request context")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/unmarshal-payload-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc := &acme.Account{ID: "accID"}
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, payloadContextKey, &payloadInfo{})
+			return test{
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 400,
+				problem:    acme.MalformedErr(errors.New("failed to unmarshal new-order request payload: unexpected end of JSON input")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/malformed-payload-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc := &acme.Account{ID: "accID"}
+			nor := &NewOrderRequest{}
+			b, err := json.Marshal(nor)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, payloadContextKey, &payloadInfo{value: b})
+			return test{
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 400,
+				problem:    acme.MalformedErr(errors.New("identifiers list cannot be empty")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/NewOrder-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc := &acme.Account{ID: "accID"}
+			nor := &NewOrderRequest{
+				Identifiers: []acme.Identifier{
+					{Type: "dns", Value: "example.com"},
+					{Type: "dns", Value: "bar.com"},
+				},
+			}
+			b, err := json.Marshal(nor)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, payloadContextKey, &payloadInfo{value: b})
+			return test{
+				auth: &mockAcmeAuthority{
+					newOrder: func(p provisioner.Interface, ops acme.OrderOptions) (*acme.Order, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, p, prov)
+						assert.Equals(t, ops.AccountID, acc.ID)
+						assert.Equals(t, ops.Identifiers, nor.Identifiers)
+						return nil, acme.MalformedErr(errors.New("force"))
+					},
+				},
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 400,
+				problem:    acme.MalformedErr(errors.New("force")),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc := &acme.Account{ID: "accID"}
+			nor := &NewOrderRequest{
+				Identifiers: []acme.Identifier{
+					{Type: "dns", Value: "example.com"},
+					{Type: "dns", Value: "bar.com"},
+				},
+				NotBefore: nbf,
+				NotAfter:  naf,
+			}
+			b, err := json.Marshal(nor)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, payloadContextKey, &payloadInfo{value: b})
+			return test{
+				auth: &mockAcmeAuthority{
+					newOrder: func(p provisioner.Interface, ops acme.OrderOptions) (*acme.Order, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, p, prov)
+						assert.Equals(t, ops.AccountID, acc.ID)
+						assert.Equals(t, ops.Identifiers, nor.Identifiers)
+						assert.Equals(t, ops.NotBefore, nbf)
+						assert.Equals(t, ops.NotAfter, naf)
+						return &o, nil
+					},
+					getLink: func(typ acme.Link, provID string, abs bool, in ...string) string {
+						assert.Equals(t, typ, acme.OrderLink)
+						assert.Equals(t, provID, acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov))
+						assert.True(t, abs)
+						assert.Equals(t, in, []string{o.ID})
+						return fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/order/%s", o.ID)
+					},
+				},
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 201,
+			}
+		},
+		"ok/default-naf-nbf": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc := &acme.Account{ID: "accID"}
+			nor := &NewOrderRequest{
+				Identifiers: []acme.Identifier{
+					{Type: "dns", Value: "example.com"},
+					{Type: "dns", Value: "bar.com"},
+				},
+			}
+			b, err := json.Marshal(nor)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, payloadContextKey, &payloadInfo{value: b})
+			return test{
+				auth: &mockAcmeAuthority{
+					newOrder: func(p provisioner.Interface, ops acme.OrderOptions) (*acme.Order, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, p, prov)
+						assert.Equals(t, ops.AccountID, acc.ID)
+						assert.Equals(t, ops.Identifiers, nor.Identifiers)
+
+						assert.True(t, ops.NotBefore.IsZero())
+						assert.True(t, ops.NotAfter.IsZero())
+						return &o, nil
+					},
+					getLink: func(typ acme.Link, provID string, abs bool, in ...string) string {
+						assert.Equals(t, typ, acme.OrderLink)
+						assert.Equals(t, provID, acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov))
+						assert.True(t, abs)
+						assert.Equals(t, in, []string{o.ID})
+						return fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/order/%s", o.ID)
+					},
+				},
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 201,
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		tc := run(t)
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			h := New(tc.auth).(*Handler)
+			req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", url, nil)
+			req = req.WithContext(tc.ctx)
+			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			h.NewOrder(w, req)
+			res := w.Result()
+
+			assert.Equals(t, res.StatusCode, tc.statusCode)
+
+			body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
+			res.Body.Close()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+
+			if res.StatusCode >= 400 && assert.NotNil(t, tc.problem) {
+				var ae acme.AError
+				assert.FatalError(t, json.Unmarshal(bytes.TrimSpace(body), &ae))
+				prob := tc.problem.ToACME()
+
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, prob.Type)
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Detail, prob.Detail)
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Identifier, prob.Identifier)
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Subproblems, prob.Subproblems)
+				assert.Equals(t, res.Header["Content-Type"], []string{"application/problem+json"})
+			} else {
+				expB, err := json.Marshal(o)
+				assert.FatalError(t, err)
+				assert.Equals(t, bytes.TrimSpace(body), expB)
+				assert.Equals(t, res.Header["Location"],
+					[]string{fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/order/%s", o.ID)})
+				assert.Equals(t, res.Header["Content-Type"], []string{"application/json"})
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandlerFinalizeOrder(t *testing.T) {
+	expiry := time.Now().UTC().Add(6 * time.Hour)
+	nbf := time.Now().UTC().Add(5 * time.Hour)
+	naf := nbf.Add(17 * time.Hour)
+	o := acme.Order{
+		ID:        "orderID",
+		Expires:   expiry.Format(time.RFC3339),
+		NotBefore: nbf.Format(time.RFC3339),
+		NotAfter:  naf.Format(time.RFC3339),
+		Identifiers: []acme.Identifier{
+			{Type: "dns", Value: "example.com"},
+			{Type: "dns", Value: "bar.com"},
+		},
+		Status:         "valid",
+		Authorizations: []string{"foo", "bar"},
+		Certificate:    "https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/certificate/certID",
+	}
+	_csr, err := pemutil.Read("../../authority/testdata/certs/foo.csr")
+	assert.FatalError(t, err)
+	csr, ok := _csr.(*x509.CertificateRequest)
+	assert.Fatal(t, ok)
+
+	// Request with chi context
+	chiCtx := chi.NewRouteContext()
+	chiCtx.URLParams.Add("ordID", o.ID)
+	prov := newProv()
+	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/order/%s/finalize",
+		acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov), o.ID)
+
+	type test struct {
+		auth       acme.Interface
+		ctx        context.Context
+		statusCode int
+		problem    *acme.Error
+	}
+	var tests = map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"fail/no-provisioner": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				auth:       &mockAcmeAuthority{},
+				ctx:        context.Background(),
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("provisioner expected in request context")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/nil-provisioner": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				auth:       &mockAcmeAuthority{},
+				ctx:        context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, nil),
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("provisioner expected in request context")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/no-account": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				auth:       &mockAcmeAuthority{},
+				ctx:        context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov),
+				statusCode: 404,
+				problem:    acme.AccountDoesNotExistErr(nil),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/nil-account": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, nil)
+			return test{
+				auth:       &mockAcmeAuthority{},
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 404,
+				problem:    acme.AccountDoesNotExistErr(nil),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/no-payload": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc := &acme.Account{ID: "accID"}
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, acc)
+			return test{
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("payload expected in request context")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/nil-payload": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc := &acme.Account{ID: "accID"}
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, payloadContextKey, nil)
+			return test{
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 500,
+				problem:    acme.ServerInternalErr(errors.New("payload expected in request context")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/unmarshal-payload-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc := &acme.Account{ID: "accID"}
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, payloadContextKey, &payloadInfo{})
+			return test{
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 400,
+				problem:    acme.MalformedErr(errors.New("failed to unmarshal finalize-order request payload: unexpected end of JSON input")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/malformed-payload-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc := &acme.Account{ID: "accID"}
+			fr := &FinalizeRequest{}
+			b, err := json.Marshal(fr)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, payloadContextKey, &payloadInfo{value: b})
+			return test{
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 400,
+				problem:    acme.MalformedErr(errors.New("unable to parse csr: asn1: syntax error: sequence truncated")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/FinalizeOrder-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc := &acme.Account{ID: "accID"}
+			nor := &FinalizeRequest{
+				CSR: base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(csr.Raw),
+			}
+			b, err := json.Marshal(nor)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, payloadContextKey, &payloadInfo{value: b})
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, chi.RouteCtxKey, chiCtx)
+			return test{
+				auth: &mockAcmeAuthority{
+					finalizeOrder: func(p provisioner.Interface, accID, id string, incsr *x509.CertificateRequest) (*acme.Order, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, p, prov)
+						assert.Equals(t, accID, acc.ID)
+						assert.Equals(t, id, o.ID)
+						assert.Equals(t, incsr.Raw, csr.Raw)
+						return nil, acme.MalformedErr(errors.New("force"))
+					},
+				},
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 400,
+				problem:    acme.MalformedErr(errors.New("force")),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			acc := &acme.Account{ID: "accID"}
+			nor := &FinalizeRequest{
+				CSR: base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(csr.Raw),
+			}
+			b, err := json.Marshal(nor)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), provisionerContextKey, prov)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, accContextKey, acc)
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, payloadContextKey, &payloadInfo{value: b})
+			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, chi.RouteCtxKey, chiCtx)
+			return test{
+				auth: &mockAcmeAuthority{
+					finalizeOrder: func(p provisioner.Interface, accID, id string, incsr *x509.CertificateRequest) (*acme.Order, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, p, prov)
+						assert.Equals(t, accID, acc.ID)
+						assert.Equals(t, id, o.ID)
+						assert.Equals(t, incsr.Raw, csr.Raw)
+						return &o, nil
+					},
+					getLink: func(typ acme.Link, provID string, abs bool, in ...string) string {
+						assert.Equals(t, typ, acme.OrderLink)
+						assert.Equals(t, provID, acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov))
+						assert.True(t, abs)
+						assert.Equals(t, in, []string{o.ID})
+						return fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/order/%s",
+							acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov), o.ID)
+					},
+				},
+				ctx:        ctx,
+				statusCode: 200,
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		tc := run(t)
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			h := New(tc.auth).(*Handler)
+			req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", url, nil)
+			req = req.WithContext(tc.ctx)
+			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			h.FinalizeOrder(w, req)
+			res := w.Result()
+
+			assert.Equals(t, res.StatusCode, tc.statusCode)
+
+			body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
+			res.Body.Close()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+
+			if res.StatusCode >= 400 && assert.NotNil(t, tc.problem) {
+				var ae acme.AError
+				assert.FatalError(t, json.Unmarshal(bytes.TrimSpace(body), &ae))
+				prob := tc.problem.ToACME()
+
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, prob.Type)
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Detail, prob.Detail)
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Identifier, prob.Identifier)
+				assert.Equals(t, ae.Subproblems, prob.Subproblems)
+				assert.Equals(t, res.Header["Content-Type"], []string{"application/problem+json"})
+			} else {
+				expB, err := json.Marshal(o)
+				assert.FatalError(t, err)
+				assert.Equals(t, bytes.TrimSpace(body), expB)
+				assert.Equals(t, res.Header["Location"],
+					[]string{fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/order/%s",
+						acme.URLSafeProvisionerName(prov), o.ID)})
+				assert.Equals(t, res.Header["Content-Type"], []string{"application/json"})
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

acme/authority.go

@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+package acme
+
+import (
+	"crypto"
+	"crypto/x509"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/authority/provisioner"
+	"github.com/smallstep/cli/jose"
+	"github.com/smallstep/nosql"
+)
+
+// Interface is the acme authority interface.
+type Interface interface {
+	DeactivateAccount(provisioner.Interface, string) (*Account, error)
+	FinalizeOrder(provisioner.Interface, string, string, *x509.CertificateRequest) (*Order, error)
+	GetAccount(provisioner.Interface, string) (*Account, error)
+	GetAccountByKey(provisioner.Interface, *jose.JSONWebKey) (*Account, error)
+	GetAuthz(provisioner.Interface, string, string) (*Authz, error)
+	GetCertificate(string, string) ([]byte, error)
+	GetDirectory(provisioner.Interface) *Directory
+	GetLink(Link, string, bool, ...string) string
+	GetOrder(provisioner.Interface, string, string) (*Order, error)
+	GetOrdersByAccount(provisioner.Interface, string) ([]string, error)
+	LoadProvisionerByID(string) (provisioner.Interface, error)
+	NewAccount(provisioner.Interface, AccountOptions) (*Account, error)
+	NewNonce() (string, error)
+	NewOrder(provisioner.Interface, OrderOptions) (*Order, error)
+	UpdateAccount(provisioner.Interface, string, []string) (*Account, error)
+	UseNonce(string) error
+	ValidateChallenge(provisioner.Interface, string, string, *jose.JSONWebKey) (*Challenge, error)
+}
+
+// Authority is the layer that handles all ACME interactions.
+type Authority struct {
+	db       nosql.DB
+	dir      *directory
+	signAuth SignAuthority
+}
+
+// NewAuthority returns a new Authority that implements the ACME interface.
+func NewAuthority(db nosql.DB, dns, prefix string, signAuth SignAuthority) *Authority {
+	return &Authority{
+		db: db, dir: newDirectory(dns, prefix), signAuth: signAuth,
+	}
+}
+
+// GetLink returns the requested link from the directory.
+func (a *Authority) GetLink(typ Link, provID string, abs bool, inputs ...string) string {
+	return a.dir.getLink(typ, provID, abs, inputs...)
+}
+
+// GetDirectory returns the ACME directory object.
+func (a *Authority) GetDirectory(p provisioner.Interface) *Directory {
+	name := url.PathEscape(p.GetName())
+	return &Directory{
+		NewNonce:   a.dir.getLink(NewNonceLink, name, true),
+		NewAccount: a.dir.getLink(NewAccountLink, name, true),
+		NewOrder:   a.dir.getLink(NewOrderLink, name, true),
+		RevokeCert: a.dir.getLink(RevokeCertLink, name, true),
+		KeyChange:  a.dir.getLink(KeyChangeLink, name, true),
+	}
+}
+
+// LoadProvisionerByID calls out to the SignAuthority interface to load a
+// provisioner by ID.
+func (a *Authority) LoadProvisionerByID(id string) (provisioner.Interface, error) {
+	return a.signAuth.LoadProvisionerByID(id)
+}
+
+// NewNonce generates, stores, and returns a new ACME nonce.
+func (a *Authority) NewNonce() (string, error) {
+	n, err := newNonce(a.db)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return n.ID, nil
+}
+
+// UseNonce consumes the given nonce if it is valid, returns error otherwise.
+func (a *Authority) UseNonce(nonce string) error {
+	return useNonce(a.db, nonce)
+}
+
+// NewAccount creates, stores, and returns a new ACME account.
+func (a *Authority) NewAccount(p provisioner.Interface, ao AccountOptions) (*Account, error) {
+	acc, err := newAccount(a.db, ao)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return acc.toACME(a.db, a.dir, p)
+}
+
+// UpdateAccount updates an ACME account.
+func (a *Authority) UpdateAccount(p provisioner.Interface, id string, contact []string) (*Account, error) {
+	acc, err := getAccountByID(a.db, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(err)
+	}
+	if acc, err = acc.update(a.db, contact); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return acc.toACME(a.db, a.dir, p)
+}
+
+// GetAccount returns an ACME account.
+func (a *Authority) GetAccount(p provisioner.Interface, id string) (*Account, error) {
+	acc, err := getAccountByID(a.db, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return acc.toACME(a.db, a.dir, p)
+}
+
+// DeactivateAccount deactivates an ACME account.
+func (a *Authority) DeactivateAccount(p provisioner.Interface, id string) (*Account, error) {
+	acc, err := getAccountByID(a.db, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if acc, err = acc.deactivate(a.db); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return acc.toACME(a.db, a.dir, p)
+}
+
+func keyToID(jwk *jose.JSONWebKey) (string, error) {
+	kid, err := jwk.Thumbprint(crypto.SHA256)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error generating jwk thumbprint"))
+	}
+	return base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(kid), nil
+}
+
+// GetAccountByKey returns the ACME associated with the jwk id.
+func (a *Authority) GetAccountByKey(p provisioner.Interface, jwk *jose.JSONWebKey) (*Account, error) {
+	kid, err := keyToID(jwk)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	acc, err := getAccountByKeyID(a.db, kid)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return acc.toACME(a.db, a.dir, p)
+}
+
+// GetOrder returns an ACME order.
+func (a *Authority) GetOrder(p provisioner.Interface, accID, orderID string) (*Order, error) {
+	o, err := getOrder(a.db, orderID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if accID != o.AccountID {
+		return nil, UnauthorizedErr(errors.New("account does not own order"))
+	}
+	if o, err = o.updateStatus(a.db); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return o.toACME(a.db, a.dir, p)
+}
+
+// GetOrdersByAccount returns the list of order urls owned by the account.
+func (a *Authority) GetOrdersByAccount(p provisioner.Interface, id string) ([]string, error) {
+	oids, err := getOrderIDsByAccount(a.db, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var ret = []string{}
+	for _, oid := range oids {
+		o, err := getOrder(a.db, oid)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, ServerInternalErr(err)
+		}
+		if o.Status == StatusInvalid {
+			continue
+		}
+		ret = append(ret, a.dir.getLink(OrderLink, URLSafeProvisionerName(p), true, o.ID))
+	}
+	return ret, nil
+}
+
+// NewOrder generates, stores, and returns a new ACME order.
+func (a *Authority) NewOrder(p provisioner.Interface, ops OrderOptions) (*Order, error) {
+	order, err := newOrder(a.db, ops)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, Wrap(err, "error creating order")
+	}
+	return order.toACME(a.db, a.dir, p)
+}
+
+// FinalizeOrder attempts to finalize an order and generate a new certificate.
+func (a *Authority) FinalizeOrder(p provisioner.Interface, accID, orderID string, csr *x509.CertificateRequest) (*Order, error) {
+	o, err := getOrder(a.db, orderID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if accID != o.AccountID {
+		return nil, UnauthorizedErr(errors.New("account does not own order"))
+	}
+	o, err = o.finalize(a.db, csr, a.signAuth, p)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, Wrap(err, "error finalizing order")
+	}
+	return o.toACME(a.db, a.dir, p)
+}
+
+// GetAuthz retrieves and attempts to update the status on an ACME authz
+// before returning.
+func (a *Authority) GetAuthz(p provisioner.Interface, accID, authzID string) (*Authz, error) {
+	authz, err := getAuthz(a.db, authzID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if accID != authz.getAccountID() {
+		return nil, UnauthorizedErr(errors.New("account does not own authz"))
+	}
+	authz, err = authz.updateStatus(a.db)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, Wrap(err, "error updating authz status")
+	}
+	return authz.toACME(a.db, a.dir, p)
+}
+
+// ValidateChallenge attempts to validate the challenge.
+func (a *Authority) ValidateChallenge(p provisioner.Interface, accID, chID string, jwk *jose.JSONWebKey) (*Challenge, error) {
+	ch, err := getChallenge(a.db, chID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if accID != ch.getAccountID() {
+		return nil, UnauthorizedErr(errors.New("account does not own challenge"))
+	}
+	client := http.Client{
+		Timeout: time.Duration(30 * time.Second),
+	}
+	ch, err = ch.validate(a.db, jwk, validateOptions{
+		httpGet:   client.Get,
+		lookupTxt: net.LookupTXT,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, Wrap(err, "error attempting challenge validation")
+	}
+	return ch.toACME(a.db, a.dir, p)
+}
+
+// GetCertificate retrieves the Certificate by ID.
+func (a *Authority) GetCertificate(accID, certID string) ([]byte, error) {
+	cert, err := getCert(a.db, certID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if accID != cert.AccountID {
+		return nil, UnauthorizedErr(errors.New("account does not own certificate"))
+	}
+	return cert.toACME(a.db, a.dir)
+}

acme/authz.go

@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+package acme
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/authority/provisioner"
+	"github.com/smallstep/nosql"
+)
+
+var defaultExpiryDuration = time.Hour * 24
+
+// Authz is a subset of the Authz type containing only those attributes
+// required for responses in the ACME protocol.
+type Authz struct {
+	Identifier Identifier   `json:"identifier"`
+	Status     string       `json:"status"`
+	Expires    string       `json:"expires"`
+	Challenges []*Challenge `json:"challenges"`
+	Wildcard   bool         `json:"wildcard"`
+	ID         string       `json:"-"`
+}
+
+// ToLog enables response logging.
+func (a *Authz) ToLog() (interface{}, error) {
+	b, err := json.Marshal(a)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error marshaling authz for logging"))
+	}
+	return string(b), nil
+}
+
+// GetID returns the Authz ID.
+func (a *Authz) GetID() string {
+	return a.ID
+}
+
+// authz is the interface that the various authz types must implement.
+type authz interface {
+	save(nosql.DB, authz) error
+	clone() *baseAuthz
+	getID() string
+	getAccountID() string
+	getType() string
+	getIdentifier() Identifier
+	getStatus() string
+	getExpiry() time.Time
+	getWildcard() bool
+	getChallenges() []string
+	getCreated() time.Time
+	updateStatus(db nosql.DB) (authz, error)
+	toACME(nosql.DB, *directory, provisioner.Interface) (*Authz, error)
+}
+
+// baseAuthz is the base authz type that others build from.
+type baseAuthz struct {
+	ID         string     `json:"id"`
+	AccountID  string     `json:"accountID"`
+	Identifier Identifier `json:"identifier"`
+	Status     string     `json:"status"`
+	Expires    time.Time  `json:"expires"`
+	Challenges []string   `json:"challenges"`
+	Wildcard   bool       `json:"wildcard"`
+	Created    time.Time  `json:"created"`
+	Error      *Error     `json:"error"`
+}
+
+func newBaseAuthz(accID string, identifier Identifier) (*baseAuthz, error) {
+	id, err := randID()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	now := clock.Now()
+	ba := &baseAuthz{
+		ID:         id,
+		AccountID:  accID,
+		Status:     StatusPending,
+		Created:    now,
+		Expires:    now.Add(defaultExpiryDuration),
+		Identifier: identifier,
+	}
+
+	if strings.HasPrefix(identifier.Value, "*.") {
+		ba.Wildcard = true
+		ba.Identifier = Identifier{
+			Value: strings.TrimPrefix(identifier.Value, "*."),
+			Type:  identifier.Type,
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ba, nil
+}
+
+// getID returns the ID of the authz.
+func (ba *baseAuthz) getID() string {
+	return ba.ID
+}
+
+// getAccountID returns the Account ID that created the authz.
+func (ba *baseAuthz) getAccountID() string {
+	return ba.AccountID
+}
+
+// getType returns the type of the authz.
+func (ba *baseAuthz) getType() string {
+	return ba.Identifier.Type
+}
+
+// getIdentifier returns the identifier for the authz.
+func (ba *baseAuthz) getIdentifier() Identifier {
+	return ba.Identifier
+}
+
+// getStatus returns the status of the authz.
+func (ba *baseAuthz) getStatus() string {
+	return ba.Status
+}
+
+// getWildcard returns true if the authz identifier has a '*', false otherwise.
+func (ba *baseAuthz) getWildcard() bool {
+	return ba.Wildcard
+}
+
+// getChallenges returns the authz challenge IDs.
+func (ba *baseAuthz) getChallenges() []string {
+	return ba.Challenges
+}
+
+// getExpiry returns the expiration time of the authz.
+func (ba *baseAuthz) getExpiry() time.Time {
+	return ba.Expires
+}
+
+// getCreated returns the created time of the authz.
+func (ba *baseAuthz) getCreated() time.Time {
+	return ba.Created
+}
+
+// toACME converts the internal Authz type into the public acmeAuthz type for
+// presentation in the ACME protocol.
+func (ba *baseAuthz) toACME(db nosql.DB, dir *directory, p provisioner.Interface) (*Authz, error) {
+	var chs = make([]*Challenge, len(ba.Challenges))
+	for i, chID := range ba.Challenges {
+		ch, err := getChallenge(db, chID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		chs[i], err = ch.toACME(db, dir, p)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	return &Authz{
+		Identifier: ba.Identifier,
+		Status:     ba.getStatus(),
+		Challenges: chs,
+		Wildcard:   ba.getWildcard(),
+		Expires:    ba.Expires.Format(time.RFC3339),
+		ID:         ba.ID,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (ba *baseAuthz) save(db nosql.DB, old authz) error {
+	var (
+		err        error
+		oldB, newB []byte
+	)
+	if old == nil {
+		oldB = nil
+	} else {
+		if oldB, err = json.Marshal(old); err != nil {
+			return ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error marshaling old authz"))
+		}
+	}
+	if newB, err = json.Marshal(ba); err != nil {
+		return ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error marshaling new authz"))
+	}
+	_, swapped, err := db.CmpAndSwap(authzTable, []byte(ba.ID), oldB, newB)
+	switch {
+	case err != nil:
+		return ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrapf(err, "error storing authz"))
+	case !swapped:
+		return ServerInternalErr(errors.Errorf("error storing authz; " +
+			"value has changed since last read"))
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (ba *baseAuthz) clone() *baseAuthz {
+	u := *ba
+	return &u
+}
+
+func (ba *baseAuthz) storeAndReturnError(db nosql.DB, err *Error) error {
+	clone := ba.clone()
+	clone.Error = err
+	clone.save(db, ba)
+	return err
+}
+
+func (ba *baseAuthz) parent() authz {
+	return &dnsAuthz{ba}
+}
+
+// updateStatus attempts to update the status on a baseAuthz and stores the
+// updating object if necessary.
+func (ba *baseAuthz) updateStatus(db nosql.DB) (authz, error) {
+	newAuthz := ba.clone()
+
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+	switch ba.Status {
+	case StatusInvalid:
+		return ba.parent(), nil
+	case StatusValid:
+		return ba.parent(), nil
+	case StatusPending:
+		// check expiry
+		if now.After(ba.Expires) {
+			newAuthz.Status = StatusInvalid
+			newAuthz.Error = MalformedErr(errors.New("authz has expired"))
+			break
+		}
+
+		var isValid = false
+		for _, chID := range ba.Challenges {
+			ch, err := getChallenge(db, chID)
+			if err != nil {
+				return ba, err
+			}
+			if ch.getStatus() == StatusValid {
+				isValid = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+
+		if !isValid {
+			return ba.parent(), nil
+		}
+		newAuthz.Status = StatusValid
+		newAuthz.Error = nil
+	default:
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Errorf("unrecognized authz status: %s", ba.Status))
+	}
+
+	if err := newAuthz.save(db, ba); err != nil {
+		return ba, err
+	}
+	return newAuthz.parent(), nil
+}
+
+// unmarshalAuthz unmarshals an authz type into the correct sub-type.
+func unmarshalAuthz(data []byte) (authz, error) {
+	var getType struct {
+		Identifier Identifier `json:"identifier"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &getType); err != nil {
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error unmarshaling authz type"))
+	}
+
+	switch getType.Identifier.Type {
+	case "dns":
+		var ba baseAuthz
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &ba); err != nil {
+			return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error unmarshaling authz type into dnsAuthz"))
+		}
+		return &dnsAuthz{&ba}, nil
+	default:
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Errorf("unexpected authz type %s",
+			getType.Identifier.Type))
+	}
+}
+
+// dnsAuthz represents a dns acme authorization.
+type dnsAuthz struct {
+	*baseAuthz
+}
+
+// newAuthz returns a new acme authorization object based on the identifier
+// type.
+func newAuthz(db nosql.DB, accID string, identifier Identifier) (a authz, err error) {
+	switch identifier.Type {
+	case "dns":
+		a, err = newDNSAuthz(db, accID, identifier)
+	default:
+		err = MalformedErr(errors.Errorf("unexpected authz type %s",
+			identifier.Type))
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// newDNSAuthz returns a new dns acme authorization object.
+func newDNSAuthz(db nosql.DB, accID string, identifier Identifier) (authz, error) {
+	ba, err := newBaseAuthz(accID, identifier)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	ba.Challenges = []string{}
+	if !ba.Wildcard {
+		// http challenges are only permitted if the DNS is not a wildcard dns.
+		ch1, err := newHTTP01Challenge(db, ChallengeOptions{
+			AccountID:  accID,
+			AuthzID:    ba.ID,
+			Identifier: ba.Identifier})
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, Wrap(err, "error creating http challenge")
+		}
+		ba.Challenges = append(ba.Challenges, ch1.getID())
+	}
+	ch2, err := newDNS01Challenge(db, ChallengeOptions{
+		AccountID:  accID,
+		AuthzID:    ba.ID,
+		Identifier: identifier})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, Wrap(err, "error creating dns challenge")
+	}
+	ba.Challenges = append(ba.Challenges, ch2.getID())
+
+	da := &dnsAuthz{ba}
+	if err := da.save(db, nil); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return da, nil
+}
+
+// getAuthz retrieves and unmarshals an ACME authz type from the database.
+func getAuthz(db nosql.DB, id string) (authz, error) {
+	b, err := db.Get(authzTable, []byte(id))
+	if nosql.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+		return nil, MalformedErr(errors.Wrapf(err, "authz %s not found", id))
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrapf(err, "error loading authz %s", id))
+	}
+	az, err := unmarshalAuthz(b)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return az, nil
+}

acme/authz_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,809 @@
+package acme
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/smallstep/assert"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/db"
+	"github.com/smallstep/nosql"
+	"github.com/smallstep/nosql/database"
+)
+
+func newAz() (authz, error) {
+	mockdb := &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+		MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+			return []byte("foo"), true, nil
+		},
+	}
+	return newAuthz(mockdb, "1234", Identifier{
+		Type: "dns", Value: "acme.example.com",
+	})
+}
+
+func TestGetAuthz(t *testing.T) {
+	type test struct {
+		id  string
+		db  nosql.DB
+		az  authz
+		err *Error
+	}
+	tests := map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"fail/not-found": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			az, err := newAz()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			return test{
+				az: az,
+				id: az.getID(),
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MGet: func(bucket, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+						return nil, database.ErrNotFound
+					},
+				},
+				err: MalformedErr(errors.Errorf("authz %s not found: not found", az.getID())),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/db-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			az, err := newAz()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			return test{
+				az: az,
+				id: az.getID(),
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MGet: func(bucket, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+						return nil, errors.New("force")
+					},
+				},
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.Errorf("error loading authz %s: force", az.getID())),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/unmarshal-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			az, err := newAz()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			_az, ok := az.(*dnsAuthz)
+			assert.Fatal(t, ok)
+			_az.baseAuthz.Identifier.Type = "foo"
+			b, err := json.Marshal(az)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			return test{
+				az: az,
+				id: az.getID(),
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MGet: func(bucket, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, bucket, authzTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, key, []byte(az.getID()))
+						return b, nil
+					},
+				},
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.New("unexpected authz type foo")),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			az, err := newAz()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			b, err := json.Marshal(az)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			return test{
+				az: az,
+				id: az.getID(),
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MGet: func(bucket, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, bucket, authzTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, key, []byte(az.getID()))
+						return b, nil
+					},
+				},
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tc := run(t)
+			if az, err := getAuthz(tc.db, tc.id); err != nil {
+				if assert.NotNil(t, tc.err) {
+					ae, ok := err.(*Error)
+					assert.True(t, ok)
+					assert.HasPrefix(t, ae.Error(), tc.err.Error())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.StatusCode(), tc.err.StatusCode())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, tc.err.Type)
+				}
+			} else {
+				if assert.Nil(t, tc.err) {
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.az.getID(), az.getID())
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.az.getAccountID(), az.getAccountID())
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.az.getStatus(), az.getStatus())
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.az.getIdentifier(), az.getIdentifier())
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.az.getCreated(), az.getCreated())
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.az.getExpiry(), az.getExpiry())
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.az.getChallenges(), az.getChallenges())
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAuthzClone(t *testing.T) {
+	az, err := newAz()
+	assert.FatalError(t, err)
+
+	clone := az.clone()
+
+	assert.Equals(t, clone.getID(), az.getID())
+	assert.Equals(t, clone.getAccountID(), az.getAccountID())
+	assert.Equals(t, clone.getStatus(), az.getStatus())
+	assert.Equals(t, clone.getIdentifier(), az.getIdentifier())
+	assert.Equals(t, clone.getExpiry(), az.getExpiry())
+	assert.Equals(t, clone.getCreated(), az.getCreated())
+	assert.Equals(t, clone.getChallenges(), az.getChallenges())
+
+	clone.Status = StatusValid
+
+	assert.NotEquals(t, clone.getStatus(), az.getStatus())
+}
+
+func TestNewAuthz(t *testing.T) {
+	iden := Identifier{
+		Type: "dns", Value: "acme.example.com",
+	}
+	accID := "1234"
+	type test struct {
+		iden   Identifier
+		db     nosql.DB
+		err    *Error
+		resChs *([]string)
+	}
+	tests := map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"fail/unexpected-type": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				iden: Identifier{Type: "foo", Value: "acme.example.com"},
+				err:  MalformedErr(errors.New("unexpected authz type foo")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/new-http-chall-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				iden: iden,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+						return nil, false, errors.New("force")
+					},
+				},
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.New("error creating http challenge: error saving acme challenge: force")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/new-dns-chall-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			count := 0
+			return test{
+				iden: iden,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+						if count == 1 {
+							return nil, false, errors.New("force")
+						}
+						count++
+						return nil, true, nil
+					},
+				},
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.New("error creating dns challenge: error saving acme challenge: force")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/save-authz-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			count := 0
+			return test{
+				iden: iden,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+						if count == 2 {
+							return nil, false, errors.New("force")
+						}
+						count++
+						return nil, true, nil
+					},
+				},
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.New("error storing authz: force")),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			chs := &([]string{})
+			count := 0
+			return test{
+				iden: iden,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+						if count == 2 {
+							assert.Equals(t, bucket, authzTable)
+							assert.Equals(t, old, nil)
+
+							az, err := unmarshalAuthz(newval)
+							assert.FatalError(t, err)
+
+							assert.Equals(t, az.getID(), string(key))
+							assert.Equals(t, az.getAccountID(), accID)
+							assert.Equals(t, az.getStatus(), StatusPending)
+							assert.Equals(t, az.getIdentifier(), iden)
+							assert.Equals(t, az.getWildcard(), false)
+
+							*chs = az.getChallenges()
+
+							assert.True(t, az.getCreated().Before(time.Now().UTC().Add(time.Minute)))
+							assert.True(t, az.getCreated().After(time.Now().UTC().Add(-1*time.Minute)))
+
+							expiry := az.getCreated().Add(defaultExpiryDuration)
+							assert.True(t, az.getExpiry().Before(expiry.Add(time.Minute)))
+							assert.True(t, az.getExpiry().After(expiry.Add(-1*time.Minute)))
+						}
+						count++
+						return nil, true, nil
+					},
+				},
+				resChs: chs,
+			}
+		},
+		"ok/wildcard": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			chs := &([]string{})
+			count := 0
+			_iden := Identifier{Type: "dns", Value: "*.acme.example.com"}
+			return test{
+				iden: _iden,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+						if count == 1 {
+							assert.Equals(t, bucket, authzTable)
+							assert.Equals(t, old, nil)
+
+							az, err := unmarshalAuthz(newval)
+							assert.FatalError(t, err)
+
+							assert.Equals(t, az.getID(), string(key))
+							assert.Equals(t, az.getAccountID(), accID)
+							assert.Equals(t, az.getStatus(), StatusPending)
+							assert.Equals(t, az.getIdentifier(), iden)
+							assert.Equals(t, az.getWildcard(), true)
+
+							*chs = az.getChallenges()
+							// Verify that we only have 1 challenge instead of 2.
+							assert.True(t, len(*chs) == 1)
+
+							assert.True(t, az.getCreated().Before(time.Now().UTC().Add(time.Minute)))
+							assert.True(t, az.getCreated().After(time.Now().UTC().Add(-1*time.Minute)))
+
+							expiry := az.getCreated().Add(defaultExpiryDuration)
+							assert.True(t, az.getExpiry().Before(expiry.Add(time.Minute)))
+							assert.True(t, az.getExpiry().After(expiry.Add(-1*time.Minute)))
+						}
+						count++
+						return nil, true, nil
+					},
+				},
+				resChs: chs,
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		tc := run(t)
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			az, err := newAuthz(tc.db, accID, tc.iden)
+			if err != nil {
+				if assert.NotNil(t, tc.err) {
+					ae, ok := err.(*Error)
+					assert.True(t, ok)
+					assert.HasPrefix(t, ae.Error(), tc.err.Error())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.StatusCode(), tc.err.StatusCode())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, tc.err.Type)
+				}
+			} else {
+				if assert.Nil(t, tc.err) {
+					assert.Equals(t, az.getAccountID(), accID)
+					assert.Equals(t, az.getType(), "dns")
+					assert.Equals(t, az.getStatus(), StatusPending)
+
+					assert.True(t, az.getCreated().Before(time.Now().UTC().Add(time.Minute)))
+					assert.True(t, az.getCreated().After(time.Now().UTC().Add(-1*time.Minute)))
+
+					expiry := az.getCreated().Add(defaultExpiryDuration)
+					assert.True(t, az.getExpiry().Before(expiry.Add(time.Minute)))
+					assert.True(t, az.getExpiry().After(expiry.Add(-1*time.Minute)))
+
+					assert.Equals(t, az.getChallenges(), *(tc.resChs))
+
+					if strings.HasPrefix(tc.iden.Value, "*.") {
+						assert.True(t, az.getWildcard())
+						assert.Equals(t, az.getIdentifier().Value, strings.TrimPrefix(tc.iden.Value, "*."))
+					} else {
+						assert.False(t, az.getWildcard())
+						assert.Equals(t, az.getIdentifier().Value, tc.iden.Value)
+					}
+
+					assert.True(t, az.getID() != "")
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAuthzToACME(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := newDirectory("ca.smallstep.com", "acme")
+
+	var (
+		ch1, ch2           challenge
+		ch1Bytes, ch2Bytes = &([]byte{}), &([]byte{})
+		err                error
+	)
+
+	count := 0
+	mockdb := &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+		MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+			if count == 0 {
+				*ch1Bytes = newval
+				ch1, err = unmarshalChallenge(newval)
+				assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			} else if count == 1 {
+				*ch2Bytes = newval
+				ch2, err = unmarshalChallenge(newval)
+				assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			}
+			count++
+			return []byte("foo"), true, nil
+		},
+	}
+	iden := Identifier{
+		Type: "dns", Value: "acme.example.com",
+	}
+	az, err := newAuthz(mockdb, "1234", iden)
+	assert.FatalError(t, err)
+	prov := newProv()
+
+	type test struct {
+		db  nosql.DB
+		err *Error
+	}
+	tests := map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"fail/getChallenge1-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MGet: func(bucket, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+						return nil, errors.New("force")
+					},
+				},
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.New("error loading challenge")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/getChallenge2-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			count := 0
+			return test{
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MGet: func(bucket, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+						if count == 1 {
+							return nil, errors.New("force")
+						}
+						count++
+						return *ch1Bytes, nil
+					},
+				},
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.New("error loading challenge")),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			count := 0
+			return test{
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MGet: func(bucket, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+						if count == 0 {
+							count++
+							return *ch1Bytes, nil
+						}
+						return *ch2Bytes, nil
+					},
+				},
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		tc := run(t)
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			acmeAz, err := az.toACME(tc.db, dir, prov)
+			if err != nil {
+				if assert.NotNil(t, tc.err) {
+					ae, ok := err.(*Error)
+					assert.True(t, ok)
+					assert.HasPrefix(t, ae.Error(), tc.err.Error())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.StatusCode(), tc.err.StatusCode())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, tc.err.Type)
+				}
+			} else {
+				if assert.Nil(t, tc.err) {
+					assert.Equals(t, acmeAz.ID, az.getID())
+					assert.Equals(t, acmeAz.Identifier, iden)
+					assert.Equals(t, acmeAz.Status, StatusPending)
+
+					acmeCh1, err := ch1.toACME(nil, dir, prov)
+					assert.FatalError(t, err)
+					acmeCh2, err := ch2.toACME(nil, dir, prov)
+					assert.FatalError(t, err)
+
+					assert.Equals(t, acmeAz.Challenges[0], acmeCh1)
+					assert.Equals(t, acmeAz.Challenges[1], acmeCh2)
+
+					expiry, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, acmeAz.Expires)
+					assert.FatalError(t, err)
+					assert.Equals(t, expiry.String(), az.getExpiry().String())
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAuthzSave(t *testing.T) {
+	type test struct {
+		az, old authz
+		db      nosql.DB
+		err     *Error
+	}
+	tests := map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"fail/old-nil/swap-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			az, err := newAz()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			return test{
+				az:  az,
+				old: nil,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+						return nil, false, errors.New("force")
+					},
+				},
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.New("error storing authz: force")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/old-nil/swap-false": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			az, err := newAz()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			return test{
+				az:  az,
+				old: nil,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+						return []byte("foo"), false, nil
+					},
+				},
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.New("error storing authz; value has changed since last read")),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok/old-nil": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			az, err := newAz()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			b, err := json.Marshal(az)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			return test{
+				az:  az,
+				old: nil,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, old, nil)
+						assert.Equals(t, b, newval)
+						assert.Equals(t, bucket, authzTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, []byte(az.getID()), key)
+						return nil, true, nil
+					},
+				},
+			}
+		},
+		"ok/old-not-nil": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			oldAz, err := newAz()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			az, err := newAz()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+
+			oldb, err := json.Marshal(oldAz)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			b, err := json.Marshal(az)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			return test{
+				az:  az,
+				old: oldAz,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, old, oldb)
+						assert.Equals(t, b, newval)
+						assert.Equals(t, bucket, authzTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, []byte(az.getID()), key)
+						return []byte("foo"), true, nil
+					},
+				},
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tc := run(t)
+			if err := tc.az.save(tc.db, tc.old); err != nil {
+				if assert.NotNil(t, tc.err) {
+					ae, ok := err.(*Error)
+					assert.True(t, ok)
+					assert.HasPrefix(t, ae.Error(), tc.err.Error())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.StatusCode(), tc.err.StatusCode())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, tc.err.Type)
+				}
+			} else {
+				assert.Nil(t, tc.err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAuthzUnmarshal(t *testing.T) {
+	type test struct {
+		az  authz
+		azb []byte
+		err *Error
+	}
+	tests := map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"fail/nil": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				azb: nil,
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.New("error unmarshaling authz type: unexpected end of JSON input")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/unexpected-type": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			az, err := newAz()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			_az, ok := az.(*dnsAuthz)
+			assert.Fatal(t, ok)
+			_az.baseAuthz.Identifier.Type = "foo"
+			b, err := json.Marshal(az)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			return test{
+				azb: b,
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.New("unexpected authz type foo")),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok/dns": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			az, err := newAz()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			b, err := json.Marshal(az)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			return test{
+				az:  az,
+				azb: b,
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tc := run(t)
+			if az, err := unmarshalAuthz(tc.azb); err != nil {
+				if assert.NotNil(t, tc.err) {
+					ae, ok := err.(*Error)
+					assert.True(t, ok)
+					assert.HasPrefix(t, ae.Error(), tc.err.Error())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.StatusCode(), tc.err.StatusCode())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, tc.err.Type)
+				}
+			} else {
+				if assert.Nil(t, tc.err) {
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.az.getID(), az.getID())
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.az.getAccountID(), az.getAccountID())
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.az.getStatus(), az.getStatus())
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.az.getCreated(), az.getCreated())
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.az.getExpiry(), az.getExpiry())
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.az.getWildcard(), az.getWildcard())
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.az.getChallenges(), az.getChallenges())
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAuthzUpdateStatus(t *testing.T) {
+	type test struct {
+		az, res authz
+		err     *Error
+		db      nosql.DB
+	}
+	tests := map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"fail/already-invalid": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			az, err := newAz()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			_az, ok := az.(*dnsAuthz)
+			assert.Fatal(t, ok)
+			_az.baseAuthz.Status = StatusInvalid
+			return test{
+				az:  az,
+				res: az,
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/already-valid": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			az, err := newAz()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			_az, ok := az.(*dnsAuthz)
+			assert.Fatal(t, ok)
+			_az.baseAuthz.Status = StatusValid
+			return test{
+				az:  az,
+				res: az,
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/unexpected-status": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			az, err := newAz()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			_az, ok := az.(*dnsAuthz)
+			assert.Fatal(t, ok)
+			_az.baseAuthz.Status = StatusReady
+			return test{
+				az:  az,
+				res: az,
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.New("unrecognized authz status: ready")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/save-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			az, err := newAz()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			_az, ok := az.(*dnsAuthz)
+			assert.Fatal(t, ok)
+			_az.baseAuthz.Expires = time.Now().UTC().Add(-time.Minute)
+			return test{
+				az:  az,
+				res: az,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+						return nil, false, errors.New("force")
+					},
+				},
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.New("error storing authz: force")),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok/expired": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			az, err := newAz()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			_az, ok := az.(*dnsAuthz)
+			assert.Fatal(t, ok)
+			_az.baseAuthz.Expires = time.Now().UTC().Add(-time.Minute)
+
+			clone := az.clone()
+			clone.Error = MalformedErr(errors.New("authz has expired"))
+			clone.Status = StatusInvalid
+			return test{
+				az:  az,
+				res: clone.parent(),
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+						return nil, true, nil
+					},
+				},
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/get-challenge-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			az, err := newAz()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+
+			return test{
+				az:  az,
+				res: az,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MGet: func(bucket, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+						return nil, errors.New("force")
+					},
+				},
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.New("error loading challenge")),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok/valid": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			var (
+				ch2      challenge
+				ch1Bytes = &([]byte{})
+				err      error
+			)
+
+			count := 0
+			mockdb := &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+				MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+					if count == 0 {
+						*ch1Bytes = newval
+					} else if count == 1 {
+						ch2, err = unmarshalChallenge(newval)
+						assert.FatalError(t, err)
+					}
+					count++
+					return nil, true, nil
+				},
+			}
+			iden := Identifier{
+				Type: "dns", Value: "acme.example.com",
+			}
+			az, err := newAuthz(mockdb, "1234", iden)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			_az, ok := az.(*dnsAuthz)
+			assert.Fatal(t, ok)
+			_az.baseAuthz.Error = MalformedErr(nil)
+
+			_ch, ok := ch2.(*dns01Challenge)
+			assert.Fatal(t, ok)
+			_ch.baseChallenge.Status = StatusValid
+			chb, err := json.Marshal(ch2)
+
+			clone := az.clone()
+			clone.Status = StatusValid
+			clone.Error = nil
+
+			count = 0
+			return test{
+				az:  az,
+				res: clone.parent(),
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MGet: func(bucket, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+						if count == 0 {
+							count++
+							return *ch1Bytes, nil
+						}
+						count++
+						return chb, nil
+					},
+					MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+						return nil, true, nil
+					},
+				},
+			}
+		},
+		"ok/still-pending": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			var ch1Bytes, ch2Bytes = &([]byte{}), &([]byte{})
+
+			count := 0
+			mockdb := &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+				MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+					if count == 0 {
+						*ch1Bytes = newval
+					} else if count == 1 {
+						*ch2Bytes = newval
+					}
+					count++
+					return nil, true, nil
+				},
+			}
+			iden := Identifier{
+				Type: "dns", Value: "acme.example.com",
+			}
+			az, err := newAuthz(mockdb, "1234", iden)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+
+			count = 0
+			return test{
+				az:  az,
+				res: az,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MGet: func(bucket, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+						if count == 0 {
+							count++
+							return *ch1Bytes, nil
+						}
+						count++
+						return *ch2Bytes, nil
+					},
+				},
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tc := run(t)
+			az, err := tc.az.updateStatus(tc.db)
+			if err != nil {
+				if assert.NotNil(t, tc.err) {
+					ae, ok := err.(*Error)
+					assert.True(t, ok)
+					assert.HasPrefix(t, ae.Error(), tc.err.Error())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.StatusCode(), tc.err.StatusCode())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, tc.err.Type)
+				}
+			} else {
+				if assert.Nil(t, tc.err) {
+					expB, err := json.Marshal(tc.res)
+					assert.FatalError(t, err)
+					b, err := json.Marshal(az)
+					assert.FatalError(t, err)
+					assert.Equals(t, expB, b)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

acme/certificate.go

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+package acme
+
+import (
+	"crypto/x509"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"encoding/pem"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/smallstep/nosql"
+)
+
+type certificate struct {
+	ID            string    `json:"id"`
+	Created       time.Time `json:"created"`
+	AccountID     string    `json:"accountID"`
+	OrderID       string    `json:"orderID"`
+	Leaf          []byte    `json:"leaf"`
+	Intermediates []byte    `json:"intermediates"`
+}
+
+// CertOptions options with which to create and store a cert object.
+type CertOptions struct {
+	AccountID     string
+	OrderID       string
+	Leaf          *x509.Certificate
+	Intermediates []*x509.Certificate
+}
+
+func newCert(db nosql.DB, ops CertOptions) (*certificate, error) {
+	id, err := randID()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	leaf := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{
+		Type:  "CERTIFICATE",
+		Bytes: ops.Leaf.Raw,
+	})
+	var intermediates []byte
+	for _, cert := range ops.Intermediates {
+		intermediates = append(intermediates, pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{
+			Type:  "CERTIFICATE",
+			Bytes: cert.Raw,
+		})...)
+	}
+
+	cert := &certificate{
+		ID:            id,
+		AccountID:     ops.AccountID,
+		OrderID:       ops.OrderID,
+		Leaf:          leaf,
+		Intermediates: intermediates,
+		Created:       time.Now().UTC(),
+	}
+	certB, err := json.Marshal(cert)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error marshaling certificate"))
+	}
+
+	_, swapped, err := db.CmpAndSwap(certTable, []byte(id), nil, certB)
+	switch {
+	case err != nil:
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error storing certificate"))
+	case !swapped:
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.New("error storing certificate; " +
+			"value has changed since last read"))
+	default:
+		return cert, nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *certificate) toACME(db nosql.DB, dir *directory) ([]byte, error) {
+	return append(c.Leaf, c.Intermediates...), nil
+}
+
+func getCert(db nosql.DB, id string) (*certificate, error) {
+	b, err := db.Get(certTable, []byte(id))
+	if nosql.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+		return nil, MalformedErr(errors.Wrapf(err, "certificate %s not found", id))
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error loading certificate"))
+	}
+	var cert certificate
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &cert); err != nil {
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error unmarshaling certificate"))
+	}
+	return &cert, nil
+}

acme/certificate_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+package acme
+
+import (
+	"crypto/x509"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"encoding/pem"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/smallstep/assert"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/db"
+	"github.com/smallstep/cli/crypto/pemutil"
+	"github.com/smallstep/nosql"
+	"github.com/smallstep/nosql/database"
+)
+
+func defaultCertOps() (*CertOptions, error) {
+	crt, err := pemutil.ReadCertificate("../authority/testdata/certs/foo.crt")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	inter, err := pemutil.ReadCertificate("../authority/testdata/certs/intermediate_ca.crt")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	root, err := pemutil.ReadCertificate("../authority/testdata/certs/root_ca.crt")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &CertOptions{
+		AccountID:     "accID",
+		OrderID:       "ordID",
+		Leaf:          crt,
+		Intermediates: []*x509.Certificate{inter, root},
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func newcert() (*certificate, error) {
+	ops, err := defaultCertOps()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	mockdb := &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+		MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+			return nil, true, nil
+		},
+	}
+	return newCert(mockdb, *ops)
+}
+
+func TestNewCert(t *testing.T) {
+	type test struct {
+		db  nosql.DB
+		ops CertOptions
+		err *Error
+		id  *string
+	}
+	tests := map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"fail/cmpAndSwap-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			ops, err := defaultCertOps()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			return test{
+				ops: *ops,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, bucket, certTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, old, nil)
+						return nil, false, errors.New("force")
+					},
+				},
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.Errorf("error storing certificate: force")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/cmpAndSwap-false": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			ops, err := defaultCertOps()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			return test{
+				ops: *ops,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, bucket, certTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, old, nil)
+						return nil, false, nil
+					},
+				},
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.Errorf("error storing certificate; value has changed since last read")),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			ops, err := defaultCertOps()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			var _id string
+			id := &_id
+			return test{
+				ops: *ops,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, bucket, certTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, old, nil)
+						*id = string(key)
+						return nil, true, nil
+					},
+				},
+				id: id,
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tc := run(t)
+			if cert, err := newCert(tc.db, tc.ops); err != nil {
+				if assert.NotNil(t, tc.err) {
+					ae, ok := err.(*Error)
+					assert.True(t, ok)
+					assert.HasPrefix(t, ae.Error(), tc.err.Error())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.StatusCode(), tc.err.StatusCode())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, tc.err.Type)
+				}
+			} else {
+				if assert.Nil(t, tc.err) {
+					assert.Equals(t, cert.ID, *tc.id)
+					assert.Equals(t, cert.AccountID, tc.ops.AccountID)
+					assert.Equals(t, cert.OrderID, tc.ops.OrderID)
+
+					leaf := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{
+						Type:  "CERTIFICATE",
+						Bytes: tc.ops.Leaf.Raw,
+					})
+					var intermediates []byte
+					for _, cert := range tc.ops.Intermediates {
+						intermediates = append(intermediates, pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{
+							Type:  "CERTIFICATE",
+							Bytes: cert.Raw,
+						})...)
+					}
+					assert.Equals(t, cert.Leaf, leaf)
+					assert.Equals(t, cert.Intermediates, intermediates)
+
+					assert.True(t, cert.Created.Before(time.Now().Add(time.Minute)))
+					assert.True(t, cert.Created.After(time.Now().Add(-time.Minute)))
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetCert(t *testing.T) {
+	type test struct {
+		id   string
+		db   nosql.DB
+		cert *certificate
+		err  *Error
+	}
+	tests := map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"fail/not-found": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			cert, err := newcert()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			return test{
+				cert: cert,
+				id:   cert.ID,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MGet: func(bucket, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, bucket, certTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, key, []byte(cert.ID))
+						return nil, database.ErrNotFound
+					},
+				},
+				err: MalformedErr(errors.Errorf("certificate %s not found: not found", cert.ID)),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/db-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			cert, err := newcert()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			return test{
+				cert: cert,
+				id:   cert.ID,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MGet: func(bucket, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, bucket, certTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, key, []byte(cert.ID))
+						return nil, errors.New("force")
+					},
+				},
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.New("error loading certificate: force")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/unmarshal-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			cert, err := newcert()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			return test{
+				cert: cert,
+				id:   cert.ID,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MGet: func(bucket, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, bucket, certTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, key, []byte(cert.ID))
+						return nil, nil
+					},
+				},
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.New("error unmarshaling certificate: unexpected end of JSON input")),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			cert, err := newcert()
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			b, err := json.Marshal(cert)
+			assert.FatalError(t, err)
+			return test{
+				cert: cert,
+				id:   cert.ID,
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MGet: func(bucket, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, bucket, certTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, key, []byte(cert.ID))
+						return b, nil
+					},
+				},
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tc := run(t)
+			if cert, err := getCert(tc.db, tc.id); err != nil {
+				if assert.NotNil(t, tc.err) {
+					ae, ok := err.(*Error)
+					assert.True(t, ok)
+					assert.HasPrefix(t, ae.Error(), tc.err.Error())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.StatusCode(), tc.err.StatusCode())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, tc.err.Type)
+				}
+			} else {
+				if assert.Nil(t, tc.err) {
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.cert.ID, cert.ID)
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.cert.AccountID, cert.AccountID)
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.cert.OrderID, cert.OrderID)
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.cert.Created, cert.Created)
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.cert.Leaf, cert.Leaf)
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.cert.Intermediates, cert.Intermediates)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCertificateToACME(t *testing.T) {
+	cert, err := newcert()
+	assert.FatalError(t, err)
+	acmeCert, err := cert.toACME(nil, nil)
+	assert.FatalError(t, err)
+	assert.Equals(t, append(cert.Leaf, cert.Intermediates...), acmeCert)
+}

acme/challenge.go

@@ -0,0 +1,445 @@
+package acme
+
+import (
+	"crypto"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/authority/provisioner"
+	"github.com/smallstep/cli/jose"
+	"github.com/smallstep/nosql"
+)
+
+// Challenge is a subset of the challenge type containing only those attributes
+// required for responses in the ACME protocol.
+type Challenge struct {
+	Type      string  `json:"type"`
+	Status    string  `json:"status"`
+	Token     string  `json:"token"`
+	Validated string  `json:"validated,omitempty"`
+	URL       string  `json:"url"`
+	Error     *AError `json:"error,omitempty"`
+	ID        string  `json:"-"`
+	AuthzID   string  `json:"-"`
+}
+
+// ToLog enables response logging.
+func (c *Challenge) ToLog() (interface{}, error) {
+	b, err := json.Marshal(c)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error marshaling challenge for logging"))
+	}
+	return string(b), nil
+}
+
+// GetID returns the Challenge ID.
+func (c *Challenge) GetID() string {
+	return c.ID
+}
+
+// GetAuthzID returns the parent Authz ID that owns the Challenge.
+func (c *Challenge) GetAuthzID() string {
+	return c.AuthzID
+}
+
+type httpGetter func(string) (*http.Response, error)
+type lookupTxt func(string) ([]string, error)
+
+type validateOptions struct {
+	httpGet   httpGetter
+	lookupTxt lookupTxt
+}
+
+// challenge is the interface ACME challenege types must implement.
+type challenge interface {
+	save(db nosql.DB, swap challenge) error
+	validate(nosql.DB, *jose.JSONWebKey, validateOptions) (challenge, error)
+	getType() string
+	getError() *AError
+	getValue() string
+	getStatus() string
+	getID() string
+	getAuthzID() string
+	getToken() string
+	clone() *baseChallenge
+	getAccountID() string
+	getValidated() time.Time
+	getCreated() time.Time
+	toACME(nosql.DB, *directory, provisioner.Interface) (*Challenge, error)
+}
+
+// ChallengeOptions is the type used to created a new Challenge.
+type ChallengeOptions struct {
+	AccountID  string
+	AuthzID    string
+	Identifier Identifier
+}
+
+// baseChallenge is the base Challenge type that others build from.
+type baseChallenge struct {
+	ID        string    `json:"id"`
+	AccountID string    `json:"accountID"`
+	AuthzID   string    `json:"authzID"`
+	Type      string    `json:"type"`
+	Status    string    `json:"status"`
+	Token     string    `json:"token"`
+	Value     string    `json:"value"`
+	Validated time.Time `json:"validated"`
+	Created   time.Time `json:"created"`
+	Error     *AError   `json:"error"`
+}
+
+func newBaseChallenge(accountID, authzID string) (*baseChallenge, error) {
+	id, err := randID()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, Wrap(err, "error generating random id for ACME challenge")
+	}
+	token, err := randID()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, Wrap(err, "error generating token for ACME challenge")
+	}
+
+	return &baseChallenge{
+		ID:        id,
+		AccountID: accountID,
+		AuthzID:   authzID,
+		Status:    StatusPending,
+		Token:     token,
+		Created:   clock.Now(),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// getID returns the id of the baseChallenge.
+func (bc *baseChallenge) getID() string {
+	return bc.ID
+}
+
+// getAuthzID returns the authz ID of the baseChallenge.
+func (bc *baseChallenge) getAuthzID() string {
+	return bc.AuthzID
+}
+
+// getAccountID returns the account id of the baseChallenge.
+func (bc *baseChallenge) getAccountID() string {
+	return bc.AccountID
+}
+
+// getType returns the type of the baseChallenge.
+func (bc *baseChallenge) getType() string {
+	return bc.Type
+}
+
+// getValue returns the type of the baseChallenge.
+func (bc *baseChallenge) getValue() string {
+	return bc.Value
+}
+
+// getStatus returns the status of the baseChallenge.
+func (bc *baseChallenge) getStatus() string {
+	return bc.Status
+}
+
+// getToken returns the token of the baseChallenge.
+func (bc *baseChallenge) getToken() string {
+	return bc.Token
+}
+
+// getValidated returns the validated time of the baseChallenge.
+func (bc *baseChallenge) getValidated() time.Time {
+	return bc.Validated
+}
+
+// getCreated returns the created time of the baseChallenge.
+func (bc *baseChallenge) getCreated() time.Time {
+	return bc.Created
+}
+
+// getCreated returns the created time of the baseChallenge.
+func (bc *baseChallenge) getError() *AError {
+	return bc.Error
+}
+
+// toACME converts the internal Challenge type into the public acmeChallenge
+// type for presentation in the ACME protocol.
+func (bc *baseChallenge) toACME(db nosql.DB, dir *directory, p provisioner.Interface) (*Challenge, error) {
+	ac := &Challenge{
+		Type:    bc.getType(),
+		Status:  bc.getStatus(),
+		Token:   bc.getToken(),
+		URL:     dir.getLink(ChallengeLink, URLSafeProvisionerName(p), true, bc.getID()),
+		ID:      bc.getID(),
+		AuthzID: bc.getAuthzID(),
+	}
+	if !bc.Validated.IsZero() {
+		ac.Validated = bc.Validated.Format(time.RFC3339)
+	}
+	if bc.Error != nil {
+		ac.Error = bc.Error
+	}
+	return ac, nil
+}
+
+// save writes the challenge to disk. For new challenges 'old' should be nil,
+// otherwise 'old' should be a pointer to the acme challenge as it was at the
+// start of the request. This method will fail if the value currently found
+// in the bucket/row does not match the value of 'old'.
+func (bc *baseChallenge) save(db nosql.DB, old challenge) error {
+	newB, err := json.Marshal(bc)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err,
+			"error marshaling new acme challenge"))
+	}
+	var oldB []byte
+	if old == nil {
+		oldB = nil
+	} else {
+		oldB, err = json.Marshal(old)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err,
+				"error marshaling old acme challenge"))
+		}
+	}
+
+	_, swapped, err := db.CmpAndSwap(challengeTable, []byte(bc.ID), oldB, newB)
+	switch {
+	case err != nil:
+		return ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error saving acme challenge"))
+	case !swapped:
+		return ServerInternalErr(errors.New("error saving acme challenge; " +
+			"acme challenge has changed since last read"))
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (bc *baseChallenge) clone() *baseChallenge {
+	u := *bc
+	return &u
+}
+
+func (bc *baseChallenge) validate(db nosql.DB, jwk *jose.JSONWebKey, vo validateOptions) (challenge, error) {
+	return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.New("unimplemented"))
+}
+
+func (bc *baseChallenge) storeError(db nosql.DB, err *Error) error {
+	clone := bc.clone()
+	clone.Error = err.ToACME()
+	return clone.save(db, bc)
+}
+
+// unmarshalChallenge unmarshals a challenge type into the correct sub-type.
+func unmarshalChallenge(data []byte) (challenge, error) {
+	var getType struct {
+		Type string `json:"type"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &getType); err != nil {
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error unmarshaling challenge type"))
+	}
+
+	switch getType.Type {
+	case "dns-01":
+		var bc baseChallenge
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &bc); err != nil {
+			return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error unmarshaling "+
+				"challenge type into dns01Challenge"))
+		}
+		return &dns01Challenge{&bc}, nil
+	case "http-01":
+		var bc baseChallenge
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &bc); err != nil {
+			return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error unmarshaling "+
+				"challenge type into http01Challenge"))
+		}
+		return &http01Challenge{&bc}, nil
+	default:
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Errorf("unexpected challenge type %s", getType.Type))
+	}
+}
+
+// http01Challenge represents an http-01 acme challenge.
+type http01Challenge struct {
+	*baseChallenge
+}
+
+// newHTTP01Challenge returns a new acme http-01 challenge.
+func newHTTP01Challenge(db nosql.DB, ops ChallengeOptions) (challenge, error) {
+	bc, err := newBaseChallenge(ops.AccountID, ops.AuthzID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	bc.Type = "http-01"
+	bc.Value = ops.Identifier.Value
+
+	hc := &http01Challenge{bc}
+	if err := hc.save(db, nil); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return hc, nil
+}
+
+// Validate attempts to validate the challenge. If the challenge has been
+// satisfactorily validated, the 'status' and 'validated' attributes are
+// updated.
+func (hc *http01Challenge) validate(db nosql.DB, jwk *jose.JSONWebKey, vo validateOptions) (challenge, error) {
+	// If already valid or invalid then return without performing validation.
+	if hc.getStatus() == StatusValid || hc.getStatus() == StatusInvalid {
+		return hc, nil
+	}
+	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/.well-known/acme-challenge/%s", hc.Value, hc.Token)
+
+	resp, err := vo.httpGet(url)
+	if err != nil {
+		if err = hc.storeError(db, ConnectionErr(errors.Wrapf(err,
+			"error doing http GET for url %s", url))); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return hc, nil
+	}
+	if resp.StatusCode >= 400 {
+		if err = hc.storeError(db,
+			ConnectionErr(errors.Errorf("error doing http GET for url %s with status code %d",
+				url, resp.StatusCode))); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return hc, nil
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrapf(err, "error reading "+
+			"response body for url %s", url))
+	}
+	keyAuth := strings.Trim(string(body), "\r\n")
+
+	expected, err := KeyAuthorization(hc.Token, jwk)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if keyAuth != expected {
+		if err = hc.storeError(db,
+			RejectedIdentifierErr(errors.Errorf("keyAuthorization does not match; "+
+				"expected %s, but got %s", expected, keyAuth))); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return hc, nil
+	}
+
+	// Update and store the challenge.
+	upd := &http01Challenge{hc.baseChallenge.clone()}
+	upd.Status = StatusValid
+	upd.Error = nil
+	upd.Validated = clock.Now()
+
+	if err := upd.save(db, hc); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return upd, nil
+}
+
+// dns01Challenge represents an dns-01 acme challenge.
+type dns01Challenge struct {
+	*baseChallenge
+}
+
+// newDNS01Challenge returns a new acme dns-01 challenge.
+func newDNS01Challenge(db nosql.DB, ops ChallengeOptions) (challenge, error) {
+	bc, err := newBaseChallenge(ops.AccountID, ops.AuthzID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	bc.Type = "dns-01"
+	bc.Value = ops.Identifier.Value
+
+	dc := &dns01Challenge{bc}
+	if err := dc.save(db, nil); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return dc, nil
+}
+
+// KeyAuthorization creates the ACME key authorization value from a token
+// and a jwk.
+func KeyAuthorization(token string, jwk *jose.JSONWebKey) (string, error) {
+	thumbprint, err := jwk.Thumbprint(crypto.SHA256)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error generating JWK thumbprint"))
+	}
+	encPrint := base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(thumbprint)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", token, encPrint), nil
+}
+
+// validate attempts to validate the challenge. If the challenge has been
+// satisfactorily validated, the 'status' and 'validated' attributes are
+// updated.
+func (dc *dns01Challenge) validate(db nosql.DB, jwk *jose.JSONWebKey, vo validateOptions) (challenge, error) {
+	// If already valid or invalid then return without performing validation.
+	if dc.getStatus() == StatusValid || dc.getStatus() == StatusInvalid {
+		return dc, nil
+	}
+
+	txtRecords, err := vo.lookupTxt("_acme-challenge." + dc.Value)
+	if err != nil {
+		if err = dc.storeError(db,
+			DNSErr(errors.Wrapf(err, "error looking up TXT "+
+				"records for domain %s", dc.Value))); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return dc, nil
+	}
+
+	expectedKeyAuth, err := KeyAuthorization(dc.Token, jwk)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	h := sha256.Sum256([]byte(expectedKeyAuth))
+	expected := base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(h[:])
+	var found bool
+	for _, r := range txtRecords {
+		if r == expected {
+			found = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !found {
+		if err = dc.storeError(db,
+			RejectedIdentifierErr(errors.Errorf("keyAuthorization "+
+				"does not match; expected %s, but got %s", expectedKeyAuth, txtRecords))); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return dc, nil
+	}
+
+	// Update and store the challenge.
+	upd := &dns01Challenge{dc.baseChallenge.clone()}
+	upd.Status = StatusValid
+	upd.Error = nil
+	upd.Validated = time.Now().UTC()
+
+	if err := upd.save(db, dc); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return upd, nil
+}
+
+// getChallenge retrieves and unmarshals an ACME challenge type from the database.
+func getChallenge(db nosql.DB, id string) (challenge, error) {
+	b, err := db.Get(challengeTable, []byte(id))
+	if nosql.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+		return nil, MalformedErr(errors.Wrapf(err, "challenge %s not found", id))
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrapf(err, "error loading challenge %s", id))
+	}
+	ch, err := unmarshalChallenge(b)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return ch, nil
+}

acme/common.go

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+package acme
+
+import (
+	"crypto/x509"
+	"net/url"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/authority/provisioner"
+	"github.com/smallstep/cli/crypto/randutil"
+)
+
+// SignAuthority is the interface implemented by a CA authority.
+type SignAuthority interface {
+	Sign(cr *x509.CertificateRequest, opts provisioner.Options, signOpts ...provisioner.SignOption) (*x509.Certificate, *x509.Certificate, error)
+	LoadProvisionerByID(string) (provisioner.Interface, error)
+}
+
+// Identifier encodes the type that an order pertains to.
+type Identifier struct {
+	Type  string `json:"type"`
+	Value string `json:"value"`
+}
+
+var (
+	accountTable           = []byte("acme-accounts")
+	accountByKeyIDTable    = []byte("acme-keyID-accountID-index")
+	authzTable             = []byte("acme-authzs")
+	challengeTable         = []byte("acme-challenges")
+	nonceTable             = []byte("nonce-table")
+	orderTable             = []byte("acme-orders")
+	ordersByAccountIDTable = []byte("acme-account-orders-index")
+	certTable              = []byte("acme-certs")
+)
+
+var (
+	// StatusValid -- valid
+	StatusValid = "valid"
+	// StatusInvalid -- invalid
+	StatusInvalid = "invalid"
+	// StatusPending -- pending; e.g. an Order that is not ready to be finalized.
+	StatusPending = "pending"
+	// StatusDeactivated -- deactivated; e.g. for an Account that is not longer valid.
+	StatusDeactivated = "deactivated"
+	// StatusReady -- ready; e.g. for an Order that is ready to be finalized.
+	StatusReady = "ready"
+	//statusExpired     = "expired"
+	//statusActive      = "active"
+	//statusProcessing  = "processing"
+)
+
+var idLen = 32
+
+func randID() (val string, err error) {
+	val, err = randutil.Alphanumeric(idLen)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error generating random alphanumeric ID"))
+	}
+	return val, nil
+}
+
+// Clock that returns time in UTC rounded to seconds.
+type Clock int
+
+// Now returns the UTC time rounded to seconds.
+func (c *Clock) Now() time.Time {
+	return time.Now().UTC().Round(time.Second)
+}
+
+var clock = new(Clock)
+
+// URLSafeProvisionerName returns a path escaped version of the ACME provisioner
+// ID that is safe to use in URL paths.
+func URLSafeProvisionerName(p provisioner.Interface) string {
+	return url.PathEscape(p.GetName())
+}

acme/directory.go

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+package acme
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+)
+
+// Directory represents an ACME directory for configuring clients.
+type Directory struct {
+	NewNonce   string `json:"newNonce,omitempty"`
+	NewAccount string `json:"newAccount,omitempty"`
+	NewOrder   string `json:"newOrder,omitempty"`
+	NewAuthz   string `json:"newAuthz,omitempty"`
+	RevokeCert string `json:"revokeCert,omitempty"`
+	KeyChange  string `json:"keyChange,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// ToLog enables response logging for the Directory type.
+func (d *Directory) ToLog() (interface{}, error) {
+	b, err := json.Marshal(d)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error marshaling directory for logging"))
+	}
+	return string(b), nil
+}
+
+type directory struct {
+	prefix, dns string
+}
+
+// newDirectory returns a new Directory type.
+func newDirectory(dns, prefix string) *directory {
+	return &directory{prefix: prefix, dns: dns}
+}
+
+// Link captures the link type.
+type Link int
+
+const (
+	// NewNonceLink new-nonce
+	NewNonceLink Link = iota
+	// NewAccountLink new-account
+	NewAccountLink
+	// AccountLink account
+	AccountLink
+	// OrderLink order
+	OrderLink
+	// NewOrderLink new-order
+	NewOrderLink
+	// OrdersByAccountLink list of orders owned by account
+	OrdersByAccountLink
+	// FinalizeLink finalize order
+	FinalizeLink
+	// NewAuthzLink authz
+	NewAuthzLink
+	// AuthzLink new-authz
+	AuthzLink
+	// ChallengeLink challenge
+	ChallengeLink
+	// CertificateLink certificate
+	CertificateLink
+	// DirectoryLink directory
+	DirectoryLink
+	// RevokeCertLink revoke certificate
+	RevokeCertLink
+	// KeyChangeLink key rollover
+	KeyChangeLink
+)
+
+func (l Link) String() string {
+	switch l {
+	case NewNonceLink:
+		return "new-nonce"
+	case NewAccountLink:
+		return "new-account"
+	case AccountLink:
+		return "account"
+	case NewOrderLink:
+		return "new-order"
+	case OrderLink:
+		return "order"
+	case NewAuthzLink:
+		return "new-authz"
+	case AuthzLink:
+		return "authz"
+	case ChallengeLink:
+		return "challenge"
+	case CertificateLink:
+		return "certificate"
+	case DirectoryLink:
+		return "directory"
+	case RevokeCertLink:
+		return "revoke-cert"
+	case KeyChangeLink:
+		return "key-change"
+	default:
+		return "unexpected"
+	}
+}
+
+// getLink returns an absolute or partial path to the given resource.
+func (d *directory) getLink(typ Link, provisionerName string, abs bool, inputs ...string) string {
+	var link string
+	switch typ {
+	case NewNonceLink, NewAccountLink, NewOrderLink, NewAuthzLink, DirectoryLink, KeyChangeLink, RevokeCertLink:
+		link = fmt.Sprintf("/%s/%s", provisionerName, typ.String())
+	case AccountLink, OrderLink, AuthzLink, ChallengeLink, CertificateLink:
+		link = fmt.Sprintf("/%s/%s/%s", provisionerName, typ.String(), inputs[0])
+	case OrdersByAccountLink:
+		link = fmt.Sprintf("/%s/%s/%s/orders", provisionerName, AccountLink.String(), inputs[0])
+	case FinalizeLink:
+		link = fmt.Sprintf("/%s/%s/%s/finalize", provisionerName, OrderLink.String(), inputs[0])
+	}
+	if abs {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("https://%s/%s%s", d.dns, d.prefix, link)
+	}
+	return link
+}

acme/directory_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package acme
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/smallstep/assert"
+)
+
+func TestDirectoryGetLink(t *testing.T) {
+	dns := "ca.smallstep.com"
+	prefix := "acme"
+	dir := newDirectory(dns, prefix)
+	id := "1234"
+
+	prov := newProv()
+	provID := URLSafeProvisionerName(prov)
+
+	type newTest struct {
+		actual, expected string
+	}
+	assert.Equals(t, dir.getLink(NewNonceLink, provID, true), fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/new-nonce", provID))
+	assert.Equals(t, dir.getLink(NewNonceLink, provID, false), fmt.Sprintf("/%s/new-nonce", provID))
+
+	assert.Equals(t, dir.getLink(NewAccountLink, provID, true), fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/new-account", provID))
+	assert.Equals(t, dir.getLink(NewAccountLink, provID, false), fmt.Sprintf("/%s/new-account", provID))
+
+	assert.Equals(t, dir.getLink(AccountLink, provID, true, id), fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/account/1234", provID))
+	assert.Equals(t, dir.getLink(AccountLink, provID, false, id), fmt.Sprintf("/%s/account/1234", provID))
+
+	assert.Equals(t, dir.getLink(NewOrderLink, provID, true), fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/new-order", provID))
+	assert.Equals(t, dir.getLink(NewOrderLink, provID, false), fmt.Sprintf("/%s/new-order", provID))
+
+	assert.Equals(t, dir.getLink(OrderLink, provID, true, id), fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/order/1234", provID))
+	assert.Equals(t, dir.getLink(OrderLink, provID, false, id), fmt.Sprintf("/%s/order/1234", provID))
+
+	assert.Equals(t, dir.getLink(OrdersByAccountLink, provID, true, id), fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/account/1234/orders", provID))
+	assert.Equals(t, dir.getLink(OrdersByAccountLink, provID, false, id), fmt.Sprintf("/%s/account/1234/orders", provID))
+
+	assert.Equals(t, dir.getLink(FinalizeLink, provID, true, id), fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/order/1234/finalize", provID))
+	assert.Equals(t, dir.getLink(FinalizeLink, provID, false, id), fmt.Sprintf("/%s/order/1234/finalize", provID))
+
+	assert.Equals(t, dir.getLink(NewAuthzLink, provID, true), fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/new-authz", provID))
+	assert.Equals(t, dir.getLink(NewAuthzLink, provID, false), fmt.Sprintf("/%s/new-authz", provID))
+
+	assert.Equals(t, dir.getLink(AuthzLink, provID, true, id), fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/authz/1234", provID))
+	assert.Equals(t, dir.getLink(AuthzLink, provID, false, id), fmt.Sprintf("/%s/authz/1234", provID))
+
+	assert.Equals(t, dir.getLink(DirectoryLink, provID, true), fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/directory", provID))
+	assert.Equals(t, dir.getLink(DirectoryLink, provID, false), fmt.Sprintf("/%s/directory", provID))
+
+	assert.Equals(t, dir.getLink(RevokeCertLink, provID, true, id), fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/revoke-cert", provID))
+	assert.Equals(t, dir.getLink(RevokeCertLink, provID, false), fmt.Sprintf("/%s/revoke-cert", provID))
+
+	assert.Equals(t, dir.getLink(KeyChangeLink, provID, true), fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/key-change", provID))
+	assert.Equals(t, dir.getLink(KeyChangeLink, provID, false), fmt.Sprintf("/%s/key-change", provID))
+
+	assert.Equals(t, dir.getLink(ChallengeLink, provID, true, id), fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/challenge/1234", provID))
+	assert.Equals(t, dir.getLink(ChallengeLink, provID, false, id), fmt.Sprintf("/%s/challenge/1234", provID))
+
+	assert.Equals(t, dir.getLink(CertificateLink, provID, true, id), fmt.Sprintf("https://ca.smallstep.com/acme/%s/certificate/1234", provID))
+	assert.Equals(t, dir.getLink(CertificateLink, provID, false, id), fmt.Sprintf("/%s/certificate/1234", provID))
+}

acme/errors.go

@@ -0,0 +1,439 @@
+package acme
+
+import (
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+)
+
+// AccountDoesNotExistErr returns a new acme error.
+func AccountDoesNotExistErr(err error) *Error {
+	return &Error{
+		Type:   accountDoesNotExistErr,
+		Detail: "Account does not exist",
+		Status: 404,
+		Err:    err,
+	}
+}
+
+// AlreadyRevokedErr returns a new acme error.
+func AlreadyRevokedErr(err error) *Error {
+	return &Error{
+		Type:   alreadyRevokedErr,
+		Detail: "Certificate already revoked",
+		Status: 400,
+		Err:    err,
+	}
+}
+
+// BadCSRErr returns a new acme error.
+func BadCSRErr(err error) *Error {
+	return &Error{
+		Type:   badCSRErr,
+		Detail: "The CSR is unacceptable",
+		Status: 400,
+		Err:    err,
+	}
+}
+
+// BadNonceErr returns a new acme error.
+func BadNonceErr(err error) *Error {
+	return &Error{
+		Type:   badNonceErr,
+		Detail: "Unacceptable anti-replay nonce",
+		Status: 400,
+		Err:    err,
+	}
+}
+
+// BadPublicKeyErr returns a new acme error.
+func BadPublicKeyErr(err error) *Error {
+	return &Error{
+		Type:   badPublicKeyErr,
+		Detail: "The jws was signed by a public key the server does not support",
+		Status: 400,
+		Err:    err,
+	}
+}
+
+// BadRevocationReasonErr returns a new acme error.
+func BadRevocationReasonErr(err error) *Error {
+	return &Error{
+		Type:   badRevocationReasonErr,
+		Detail: "The revocation reason provided is not allowed by the server",
+		Status: 400,
+		Err:    err,
+	}
+}
+
+// BadSignatureAlgorithmErr returns a new acme error.
+func BadSignatureAlgorithmErr(err error) *Error {
+	return &Error{
+		Type:   badSignatureAlgorithmErr,
+		Detail: "The JWS was signed with an algorithm the server does not support",
+		Status: 400,
+		Err:    err,
+	}
+}
+
+// CaaErr returns a new acme error.
+func CaaErr(err error) *Error {
+	return &Error{
+		Type:   caaErr,
+		Detail: "Certification Authority Authorization (CAA) records forbid the CA from issuing a certificate",
+		Status: 400,
+		Err:    err,
+	}
+}
+
+// CompoundErr returns a new acme error.
+func CompoundErr(err error) *Error {
+	return &Error{
+		Type:   compoundErr,
+		Detail: "Specific error conditions are indicated in the “subproblems” array",
+		Status: 400,
+		Err:    err,
+	}
+}
+
+// ConnectionErr returns a new acme error.
+func ConnectionErr(err error) *Error {
+	return &Error{
+		Type:   connectionErr,
+		Detail: "The server could not connect to validation target",
+		Status: 400,
+		Err:    err,
+	}
+}
+
+// DNSErr returns a new acme error.
+func DNSErr(err error) *Error {
+	return &Error{
+		Type:   dnsErr,
+		Detail: "There was a problem with a DNS query during identifier validation",
+		Status: 400,
+		Err:    err,
+	}
+}
+
+// ExternalAccountRequiredErr returns a new acme error.
+func ExternalAccountRequiredErr(err error) *Error {
+	return &Error{
+		Type:   externalAccountRequiredErr,
+		Detail: "The request must include a value for the \"externalAccountBinding\" field",
+		Status: 400,
+		Err:    err,
+	}
+}
+
+// IncorrectResponseErr returns a new acme error.
+func IncorrectResponseErr(err error) *Error {
+	return &Error{
+		Type:   incorrectResponseErr,
+		Detail: "Response received didn't match the challenge's requirements",
+		Status: 400,
+		Err:    err,
+	}
+}
+
+// InvalidContactErr returns a new acme error.
+func InvalidContactErr(err error) *Error {
+	return &Error{
+		Type:   invalidContactErr,
+		Detail: "A contact URL for an account was invalid",
+		Status: 400,
+		Err:    err,
+	}
+}
+
+// MalformedErr returns a new acme error.
+func MalformedErr(err error) *Error {
+	return &Error{
+		Type:   malformedErr,
+		Detail: "The request message was malformed",
+		Status: 400,
+		Err:    err,
+	}
+}
+
+// OrderNotReadyErr returns a new acme error.
+func OrderNotReadyErr(err error) *Error {
+	return &Error{
+		Type:   orderNotReadyErr,
+		Detail: "The request attempted to finalize an order that is not ready to be finalized",
+		Status: 400,
+		Err:    err,
+	}
+}
+
+// RateLimitedErr returns a new acme error.
+func RateLimitedErr(err error) *Error {
+	return &Error{
+		Type:   rateLimitedErr,
+		Detail: "The request exceeds a rate limit",
+		Status: 400,
+		Err:    err,
+	}
+}
+
+// RejectedIdentifierErr returns a new acme error.
+func RejectedIdentifierErr(err error) *Error {
+	return &Error{
+		Type:   rejectedIdentifierErr,
+		Detail: "The server will not issue certificates for the identifier",
+		Status: 400,
+		Err:    err,
+	}
+}
+
+// ServerInternalErr returns a new acme error.
+func ServerInternalErr(err error) *Error {
+	return &Error{
+		Type:   serverInternalErr,
+		Detail: "The server experienced an internal error",
+		Status: 500,
+		Err:    err,
+	}
+}
+
+// TLSErr returns a new acme error.
+func TLSErr(err error) *Error {
+	return &Error{
+		Type:   tlsErr,
+		Detail: "The server received a TLS error during validation",
+		Status: 400,
+		Err:    err,
+	}
+}
+
+// UnauthorizedErr returns a new acme error.
+func UnauthorizedErr(err error) *Error {
+	return &Error{
+		Type:   unauthorizedErr,
+		Detail: "The client lacks sufficient authorization",
+		Status: 401,
+		Err:    err,
+	}
+}
+
+// UnsupportedContactErr returns a new acme error.
+func UnsupportedContactErr(err error) *Error {
+	return &Error{
+		Type:   unsupportedContactErr,
+		Detail: "A contact URL for an account used an unsupported protocol scheme",
+		Status: 400,
+		Err:    err,
+	}
+}
+
+// UnsupportedIdentifierErr returns a new acme error.
+func UnsupportedIdentifierErr(err error) *Error {
+	return &Error{
+		Type:   unsupportedIdentifierErr,
+		Detail: "An identifier is of an unsupported type",
+		Status: 400,
+		Err:    err,
+	}
+}
+
+// UserActionRequiredErr returns a new acme error.
+func UserActionRequiredErr(err error) *Error {
+	return &Error{
+		Type:   userActionRequiredErr,
+		Detail: "Visit the “instance” URL and take actions specified there",
+		Status: 400,
+		Err:    err,
+	}
+}
+
+// ProbType is the type of the ACME problem.
+type ProbType int
+
+const (
+	// The request specified an account that does not exist
+	accountDoesNotExistErr ProbType = iota
+	// The request specified a certificate to be revoked that has already been revoked
+	alreadyRevokedErr
+	// The CSR is unacceptable (e.g., due to a short key)
+	badCSRErr
+	// The client sent an unacceptable anti-replay nonce
+	badNonceErr
+	// The JWS was signed by a public key the server does not support
+	badPublicKeyErr
+	// The revocation reason provided is not allowed by the server
+	badRevocationReasonErr
+	// The JWS was signed with an algorithm the server does not support
+	badSignatureAlgorithmErr
+	// Certification Authority Authorization (CAA) records forbid the CA from issuing a certificate
+	caaErr
+	// Specific error conditions are indicated in the “subproblems” array.
+	compoundErr
+	// The server could not connect to validation target
+	connectionErr
+	// There was a problem with a DNS query during identifier validation
+	dnsErr
+	// The request must include a value for the “externalAccountBinding” field
+	externalAccountRequiredErr
+	// Response received didn’t match the challenge’s requirements
+	incorrectResponseErr
+	// A contact URL for an account was invalid
+	invalidContactErr
+	// The request message was malformed
+	malformedErr
+	// The request attempted to finalize an order that is not ready to be finalized
+	orderNotReadyErr
+	// The request exceeds a rate limit
+	rateLimitedErr
+	// The server will not issue certificates for the identifier
+	rejectedIdentifierErr
+	// The server experienced an internal error
+	serverInternalErr
+	// The server received a TLS error during validation
+	tlsErr
+	// The client lacks sufficient authorization
+	unauthorizedErr
+	// A contact URL for an account used an unsupported protocol scheme
+	unsupportedContactErr
+	// An identifier is of an unsupported type
+	unsupportedIdentifierErr
+	// Visit the “instance” URL and take actions specified there
+	userActionRequiredErr
+)
+
+// String returns the string representation of the acme problem type,
+// fulfilling the Stringer interface.
+func (ap ProbType) String() string {
+	switch ap {
+	case accountDoesNotExistErr:
+		return "accountDoesNotExist"
+	case alreadyRevokedErr:
+		return "alreadyRevoked"
+	case badCSRErr:
+		return "badCSR"
+	case badNonceErr:
+		return "badNonce"
+	case badPublicKeyErr:
+		return "badPublicKey"
+	case badRevocationReasonErr:
+		return "badRevocationReason"
+	case badSignatureAlgorithmErr:
+		return "badSignatureAlgorithm"
+	case caaErr:
+		return "caa"
+	case compoundErr:
+		return "compound"
+	case connectionErr:
+		return "connection"
+	case dnsErr:
+		return "dns"
+	case externalAccountRequiredErr:
+		return "externalAccountRequired"
+	case incorrectResponseErr:
+		return "incorrectResponse"
+	case invalidContactErr:
+		return "invalidContact"
+	case malformedErr:
+		return "malformed"
+	case orderNotReadyErr:
+		return "orderNotReady"
+	case rateLimitedErr:
+		return "rateLimited"
+	case rejectedIdentifierErr:
+		return "rejectedIdentifier"
+	case serverInternalErr:
+		return "serverInternal"
+	case tlsErr:
+		return "tls"
+	case unauthorizedErr:
+		return "unauthorized"
+	case unsupportedContactErr:
+		return "unsupportedContact"
+	case unsupportedIdentifierErr:
+		return "unsupportedIdentifier"
+	case userActionRequiredErr:
+		return "userActionRequired"
+	default:
+		return "unsupported type"
+	}
+}
+
+// Error is an ACME error type complete with problem document.
+type Error struct {
+	Type       ProbType
+	Detail     string
+	Err        error
+	Status     int
+	Sub        []*Error
+	Identifier *Identifier
+}
+
+// Wrap attempts to wrap the internal error.
+func Wrap(err error, wrap string) *Error {
+	switch e := err.(type) {
+	case nil:
+		return nil
+	case *Error:
+		if e.Err == nil {
+			e.Err = errors.New(wrap + "; " + e.Detail)
+		} else {
+			e.Err = errors.Wrap(e.Err, wrap)
+		}
+		return e
+	default:
+		return ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, wrap))
+	}
+}
+
+// Error implements the error interface.
+func (e *Error) Error() string {
+	if e.Err == nil {
+		return e.Detail
+	}
+	return e.Err.Error()
+}
+
+// Cause returns the internal error and implements the Causer interface.
+func (e *Error) Cause() error {
+	if e.Err == nil {
+		return errors.New(e.Detail)
+	}
+	return e.Err
+}
+
+// ToACME returns an acme representation of the problem type.
+func (e *Error) ToACME() *AError {
+	ae := &AError{
+		Type:   "urn:ietf:params:acme:error:" + e.Type.String(),
+		Detail: e.Error(),
+		Status: e.Status,
+	}
+	if e.Identifier != nil {
+		ae.Identifier = *e.Identifier
+	}
+	for _, p := range e.Sub {
+		ae.Subproblems = append(ae.Subproblems, p.ToACME())
+	}
+	return ae
+}
+
+// StatusCode returns the status code and implements the StatusCode interface.
+func (e *Error) StatusCode() int {
+	return e.Status
+}
+
+// AError is the error type as seen in acme request/responses.
+type AError struct {
+	Type        string        `json:"type"`
+	Detail      string        `json:"detail"`
+	Identifier  interface{}   `json:"identifier,omitempty"`
+	Subproblems []interface{} `json:"subproblems,omitempty"`
+	Status      int           `json:"-"`
+}
+
+// Error allows AError to implement the error interface.
+func (ae *AError) Error() string {
+	return ae.Detail
+}
+
+// StatusCode returns the status code and implements the StatusCode interface.
+func (ae *AError) StatusCode() int {
+	return ae.Status
+}

acme/nonce.go

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package acme
+
+import (
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/smallstep/nosql"
+	"github.com/smallstep/nosql/database"
+)
+
+// nonce contains nonce metadata used in the ACME protocol.
+type nonce struct {
+	ID      string
+	Created time.Time
+}
+
+// newNonce creates, stores, and returns an ACME replay-nonce.
+func newNonce(db nosql.DB) (*nonce, error) {
+	_id, err := randID()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	id := base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(_id))
+	n := &nonce{
+		ID:      id,
+		Created: clock.Now(),
+	}
+	b, err := json.Marshal(n)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error marshaling nonce"))
+	}
+	_, swapped, err := db.CmpAndSwap(nonceTable, []byte(id), nil, b)
+	switch {
+	case err != nil:
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error storing nonce"))
+	case !swapped:
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.New("error storing nonce; " +
+			"value has changed since last read"))
+	default:
+		return n, nil
+	}
+}
+
+// useNonce verifies that the nonce is valid (by checking if it exists),
+// and if so, consumes the nonce resource by deleting it from the database.
+func useNonce(db nosql.DB, nonce string) error {
+	err := db.Update(&database.Tx{
+		Operations: []*database.TxEntry{
+			{
+				Bucket: nonceTable,
+				Key:    []byte(nonce),
+				Cmd:    database.Get,
+			},
+			{
+				Bucket: nonceTable,
+				Key:    []byte(nonce),
+				Cmd:    database.Delete,
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+	switch {
+	case nosql.IsErrNotFound(err):
+		return BadNonceErr(nil)
+	case err != nil:
+		return ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrapf(err, "error deleting nonce %s", nonce))
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+}

acme/nonce_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+package acme
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/smallstep/assert"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/db"
+	"github.com/smallstep/nosql"
+	"github.com/smallstep/nosql/database"
+)
+
+func TestNewNonce(t *testing.T) {
+	type test struct {
+		db  nosql.DB
+		err *Error
+		id  *string
+	}
+	tests := map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"fail/cmpAndSwap-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, bucket, nonceTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, old, nil)
+						return nil, false, errors.New("force")
+					},
+				},
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.Errorf("error storing nonce: force")),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/cmpAndSwap-false": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			return test{
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, bucket, nonceTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, old, nil)
+						return nil, false, nil
+					},
+				},
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.Errorf("error storing nonce; value has changed since last read")),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			var _id string
+			id := &_id
+			return test{
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+						assert.Equals(t, bucket, nonceTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, old, nil)
+						*id = string(key)
+						return nil, true, nil
+					},
+				},
+				id: id,
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tc := run(t)
+			if n, err := newNonce(tc.db); err != nil {
+				if assert.NotNil(t, tc.err) {
+					ae, ok := err.(*Error)
+					assert.True(t, ok)
+					assert.HasPrefix(t, ae.Error(), tc.err.Error())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.StatusCode(), tc.err.StatusCode())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, tc.err.Type)
+				}
+			} else {
+				if assert.Nil(t, tc.err) {
+					assert.Equals(t, n.ID, *tc.id)
+
+					assert.True(t, n.Created.Before(time.Now().Add(time.Minute)))
+					assert.True(t, n.Created.After(time.Now().Add(-time.Minute)))
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUseNonce(t *testing.T) {
+	type test struct {
+		id  string
+		db  nosql.DB
+		err *Error
+	}
+	tests := map[string]func(t *testing.T) test{
+		"fail/update-not-found": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			id := "foo"
+			return test{
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MUpdate: func(tx *database.Tx) error {
+						assert.Equals(t, tx.Operations[0].Bucket, nonceTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, tx.Operations[0].Key, []byte(id))
+						assert.Equals(t, tx.Operations[0].Cmd, database.Get)
+
+						assert.Equals(t, tx.Operations[1].Bucket, nonceTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, tx.Operations[1].Key, []byte(id))
+						assert.Equals(t, tx.Operations[1].Cmd, database.Delete)
+						return database.ErrNotFound
+					},
+				},
+				id:  id,
+				err: BadNonceErr(nil),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail/update-error": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			id := "foo"
+			return test{
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MUpdate: func(tx *database.Tx) error {
+						assert.Equals(t, tx.Operations[0].Bucket, nonceTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, tx.Operations[0].Key, []byte(id))
+						assert.Equals(t, tx.Operations[0].Cmd, database.Get)
+
+						assert.Equals(t, tx.Operations[1].Bucket, nonceTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, tx.Operations[1].Key, []byte(id))
+						assert.Equals(t, tx.Operations[1].Cmd, database.Delete)
+						return errors.New("force")
+					},
+				},
+				id:  id,
+				err: ServerInternalErr(errors.Errorf("error deleting nonce %s: force", id)),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok": func(t *testing.T) test {
+			id := "foo"
+			return test{
+				db: &db.MockNoSQLDB{
+					MUpdate: func(tx *database.Tx) error {
+						assert.Equals(t, tx.Operations[0].Bucket, nonceTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, tx.Operations[0].Key, []byte(id))
+						assert.Equals(t, tx.Operations[0].Cmd, database.Get)
+
+						assert.Equals(t, tx.Operations[1].Bucket, nonceTable)
+						assert.Equals(t, tx.Operations[1].Key, []byte(id))
+						assert.Equals(t, tx.Operations[1].Cmd, database.Delete)
+
+						return nil
+					},
+				},
+				id: id,
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	for name, run := range tests {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tc := run(t)
+			if err := useNonce(tc.db, tc.id); err != nil {
+				if assert.NotNil(t, tc.err) {
+					ae, ok := err.(*Error)
+					assert.True(t, ok)
+					assert.HasPrefix(t, ae.Error(), tc.err.Error())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.StatusCode(), tc.err.StatusCode())
+					assert.Equals(t, ae.Type, tc.err.Type)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

acme/order.go

@@ -0,0 +1,342 @@
+package acme
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/x509"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"reflect"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/authority/provisioner"
+	"github.com/smallstep/nosql"
+)
+
+var defaultOrderExpiry = time.Hour * 24
+
+// Order contains order metadata for the ACME protocol order type.
+type Order struct {
+	Status         string       `json:"status"`
+	Expires        string       `json:"expires,omitempty"`
+	Identifiers    []Identifier `json:"identifiers"`
+	NotBefore      string       `json:"notBefore,omitempty"`
+	NotAfter       string       `json:"notAfter,omitempty"`
+	Error          interface{}  `json:"error,omitempty"`
+	Authorizations []string     `json:"authorizations"`
+	Finalize       string       `json:"finalize"`
+	Certificate    string       `json:"certificate,omitempty"`
+	ID             string       `json:"-"`
+}
+
+// ToLog enables response logging.
+func (o *Order) ToLog() (interface{}, error) {
+	b, err := json.Marshal(o)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error marshaling order for logging"))
+	}
+	return string(b), nil
+}
+
+// GetID returns the Order ID.
+func (o *Order) GetID() string {
+	return o.ID
+}
+
+// OrderOptions options with which to create a new Order.
+type OrderOptions struct {
+	AccountID   string       `json:"accID"`
+	Identifiers []Identifier `json:"identifiers"`
+	NotBefore   time.Time    `json:"notBefore"`
+	NotAfter    time.Time    `json:"notAfter"`
+}
+
+type order struct {
+	ID             string       `json:"id"`
+	AccountID      string       `json:"accountID"`
+	Created        time.Time    `json:"created"`
+	Expires        time.Time    `json:"expires,omitempty"`
+	Status         string       `json:"status"`
+	Identifiers    []Identifier `json:"identifiers"`
+	NotBefore      time.Time    `json:"notBefore,omitempty"`
+	NotAfter       time.Time    `json:"notAfter,omitempty"`
+	Error          *Error       `json:"error,omitempty"`
+	Authorizations []string     `json:"authorizations"`
+	Certificate    string       `json:"certificate,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// newOrder returns a new Order type.
+func newOrder(db nosql.DB, ops OrderOptions) (*order, error) {
+	id, err := randID()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	authzs := make([]string, len(ops.Identifiers))
+	for i, identifier := range ops.Identifiers {
+		authz, err := newAuthz(db, ops.AccountID, identifier)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		authzs[i] = authz.getID()
+	}
+
+	now := clock.Now()
+	o := &order{
+		ID:             id,
+		AccountID:      ops.AccountID,
+		Created:        now,
+		Status:         StatusPending,
+		Expires:        now.Add(defaultOrderExpiry),
+		Identifiers:    ops.Identifiers,
+		NotBefore:      ops.NotBefore,
+		NotAfter:       ops.NotAfter,
+		Authorizations: authzs,
+	}
+	if err := o.save(db, nil); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Update the "order IDs by account ID" index //
+	oids, err := getOrderIDsByAccount(db, ops.AccountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	newOids := append(oids, o.ID)
+	if err = orderIDs(newOids).save(db, oids, o.AccountID); err != nil {
+		db.Del(orderTable, []byte(o.ID))
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return o, nil
+}
+
+type orderIDs []string
+
+func (oids orderIDs) save(db nosql.DB, old orderIDs, accID string) error {
+	var (
+		err  error
+		oldb []byte
+	)
+	if len(old) == 0 {
+		oldb = nil
+	} else {
+		oldb, err = json.Marshal(old)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error marshaling old order IDs slice"))
+		}
+	}
+	newb, err := json.Marshal(oids)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error marshaling new order IDs slice"))
+	}
+	_, swapped, err := db.CmpAndSwap(ordersByAccountIDTable, []byte(accID), oldb, newb)
+	switch {
+	case err != nil:
+		return ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrapf(err, "error storing order IDs for account %s", accID))
+	case !swapped:
+		return ServerInternalErr(errors.Errorf("error storing order IDs "+
+			"for account %s; order IDs changed since last read", accID))
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (o *order) save(db nosql.DB, old *order) error {
+	var (
+		err  error
+		oldB []byte
+	)
+	if old == nil {
+		oldB = nil
+	} else {
+		if oldB, err = json.Marshal(old); err != nil {
+			return ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error marshaling old acme order"))
+		}
+	}
+
+	newB, err := json.Marshal(o)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error marshaling new acme order"))
+	}
+
+	_, swapped, err := db.CmpAndSwap(orderTable, []byte(o.ID), oldB, newB)
+	switch {
+	case err != nil:
+		return ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error storing order"))
+	case !swapped:
+		return ServerInternalErr(errors.New("error storing order; " +
+			"value has changed since last read"))
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// updateStatus updates order status if necessary.
+func (o *order) updateStatus(db nosql.DB) (*order, error) {
+	_newOrder := *o
+	newOrder := &_newOrder
+
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+	switch o.Status {
+	case StatusInvalid:
+		return o, nil
+	case StatusValid:
+		return o, nil
+	case StatusReady:
+		// check expiry
+		if now.After(o.Expires) {
+			newOrder.Status = StatusInvalid
+			newOrder.Error = MalformedErr(errors.New("order has expired"))
+			break
+		}
+		return o, nil
+	case StatusPending:
+		// check expiry
+		if now.After(o.Expires) {
+			newOrder.Status = StatusInvalid
+			newOrder.Error = MalformedErr(errors.New("order has expired"))
+			break
+		}
+
+		var count = map[string]int{
+			StatusValid:   0,
+			StatusInvalid: 0,
+			StatusPending: 0,
+		}
+		for _, azID := range o.Authorizations {
+			authz, err := getAuthz(db, azID)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			if authz, err = authz.updateStatus(db); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			st := authz.getStatus()
+			count[st]++
+		}
+		switch {
+		case count[StatusInvalid] > 0:
+			newOrder.Status = StatusInvalid
+		case count[StatusPending] > 0:
+			break
+		case count[StatusValid] == len(o.Authorizations):
+			newOrder.Status = StatusReady
+		default:
+			return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.New("unexpected authz status"))
+		}
+	default:
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Errorf("unrecognized order status: %s", o.Status))
+	}
+
+	if err := newOrder.save(db, o); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return newOrder, nil
+}
+
+// finalize signs a certificate if the necessary conditions for Order completion
+// have been met.
+func (o *order) finalize(db nosql.DB, csr *x509.CertificateRequest, auth SignAuthority, p provisioner.Interface) (*order, error) {
+	var err error
+	if o, err = o.updateStatus(db); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	switch o.Status {
+	case StatusInvalid:
+		return nil, OrderNotReadyErr(errors.Errorf("order %s has been abandoned", o.ID))
+	case StatusValid:
+		return o, nil
+	case StatusPending:
+		return nil, OrderNotReadyErr(errors.Errorf("order %s is not ready", o.ID))
+	case StatusReady:
+		break
+	default:
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Errorf("unexpected status %s for order %s", o.Status, o.ID))
+	}
+
+	// Validate identifier names against CSR alternative names //
+	csrNames := make(map[string]int)
+	for _, n := range csr.DNSNames {
+		csrNames[n] = 1
+	}
+	orderNames := make(map[string]int)
+	for _, n := range o.Identifiers {
+		orderNames[n.Value] = 1
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(csrNames, orderNames) {
+		return nil, BadCSRErr(errors.Errorf("CSR names do not match identifiers exactly"))
+	}
+
+	// Get authorizations from the ACME provisioner.
+	ctx := provisioner.NewContextWithMethod(context.Background(), provisioner.SignMethod)
+	signOps, err := p.AuthorizeSign(ctx, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrapf(err, "error retrieving authorization options from ACME provisioner"))
+	}
+
+	// Create and store a new certificate.
+	leaf, inter, err := auth.Sign(csr, provisioner.Options{
+		NotBefore: provisioner.NewTimeDuration(o.NotBefore),
+		NotAfter:  provisioner.NewTimeDuration(o.NotAfter),
+	}, signOps...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrapf(err, "error generating certificate for order %s", o.ID))
+	}
+
+	cert, err := newCert(db, CertOptions{
+		AccountID:     o.AccountID,
+		OrderID:       o.ID,
+		Leaf:          leaf,
+		Intermediates: []*x509.Certificate{inter},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	_newOrder := *o
+	newOrder := &_newOrder
+	newOrder.Certificate = cert.ID
+	newOrder.Status = StatusValid
+	if err := newOrder.save(db, o); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return newOrder, nil
+}
+
+// getOrder retrieves and unmarshals an ACME Order type from the database.
+func getOrder(db nosql.DB, id string) (*order, error) {
+	b, err := db.Get(orderTable, []byte(id))
+	if nosql.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+		return nil, MalformedErr(errors.Wrapf(err, "order %s not found", id))
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrapf(err, "error loading order %s", id))
+	}
+	var o order
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &o); err != nil {
+		return nil, ServerInternalErr(errors.Wrap(err, "error unmarshaling order"))
+	}
+	return &o, nil
+}
+
+// toACME converts the internal Order type into the public acmeOrder type for
+// presentation in the ACME protocol.
+func (o *order) toACME(db nosql.DB, dir *directory, p provisioner.Interface) (*Order, error) {
+	azs := make([]string, len(o.Authorizations))
+	for i, aid := range o.Authorizations {
+		azs[i] = dir.getLink(AuthzLink, URLSafeProvisionerName(p), true, aid)
+	}
+	ao := &Order{
+		Status:         o.Status,
+		Expires:        o.Expires.Format(time.RFC3339),
+		Identifiers:    o.Identifiers,
+		NotBefore:      o.NotBefore.Format(time.RFC3339),
+		NotAfter:       o.NotAfter.Format(time.RFC3339),
+		Authorizations: azs,
+		Finalize:       dir.getLink(FinalizeLink, URLSafeProvisionerName(p), true, o.ID),
+		ID:             o.ID,
+	}
+
+	if o.Certificate != "" {
+		ao.Certificate = dir.getLink(CertificateLink, URLSafeProvisionerName(p), true, o.Certificate)
+	}
+	return ao, nil
+}

api/api.go

@@ -28,8 +28,7 @@ import (
 // Authority is the interface implemented by a CA authority.
 type Authority interface {
 	SSHAuthority
-	// NOTE: Authorize will be deprecated in future releases. Please use the
+	// context specifies the Authorize[Sign|Revoke|etc.] method.
-	// context specific Authorize[Sign|Revoke|etc.] methods.
 	Authorize(ctx context.Context, ott string) ([]provisioner.SignOption, error)
 	AuthorizeSign(ott string) ([]provisioner.SignOption, error)
 	GetTLSOptions() *tlsutil.TLSOptions
@@ -37,6 +36,7 @@ type Authority interface {
 	Sign(cr *x509.CertificateRequest, opts provisioner.Options, signOpts ...provisioner.SignOption) (*x509.Certificate, *x509.Certificate, error)
 	Renew(peer *x509.Certificate) (*x509.Certificate, *x509.Certificate, error)
 	LoadProvisionerByCertificate(*x509.Certificate) (provisioner.Interface, error)
+	LoadProvisionerByID(string) (provisioner.Interface, error)
 	GetProvisioners(cursor string, limit int) (provisioner.List, string, error)
 	Revoke(*authority.RevokeOptions) error
 	GetEncryptedKey(kid string) (string, error)
@@ -308,13 +308,12 @@ func (h *caHandler) Sign(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusCreated)
 	logCertificate(w, cert)
-	JSON(w, &SignResponse{
+	JSONStatus(w, &SignResponse{
 		ServerPEM:  Certificate{cert},
 		CaPEM:      Certificate{root},
 		TLSOptions: h.Authority.GetTLSOptions(),
-	})
+	}, http.StatusCreated)
 }
 
 // Renew uses the information of certificate in the TLS connection to create a
@@ -331,13 +330,12 @@ func (h *caHandler) Renew(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusCreated)
 	logCertificate(w, cert)
-	JSON(w, &SignResponse{
+	JSONStatus(w, &SignResponse{
 		ServerPEM:  Certificate{cert},
 		CaPEM:      Certificate{root},
 		TLSOptions: h.Authority.GetTLSOptions(),
-	})
+	}, http.StatusCreated)
 }
 
 // Provisioners returns the list of provisioners configured in the authority.
@@ -383,10 +381,9 @@ func (h *caHandler) Roots(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		certs[i] = Certificate{roots[i]}
 	}
 
-	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusCreated)
+	JSONStatus(w, &RootsResponse{
-	JSON(w, &RootsResponse{
 		Certificates: certs,
-	})
+	}, http.StatusCreated)
 }
 
 // Federation returns all the public certificates in the federation.
@@ -402,10 +399,9 @@ func (h *caHandler) Federation(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		certs[i] = Certificate{federated[i]}
 	}
 
-	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusCreated)
+	JSONStatus(w, &FederationResponse{
-	JSON(w, &FederationResponse{
 		Certificates: certs,
-	})
+	}, http.StatusCreated)
 }
 
 var oidStepProvisioner = asn1.ObjectIdentifier{1, 3, 6, 1, 4, 1, 37476, 9000, 64, 1}

api/api_test.go

@@ -506,6 +506,7 @@ type mockAuthority struct {
 	signSSHAddUser               func(key ssh.PublicKey, cert *ssh.Certificate) (*ssh.Certificate, error)
 	renew                        func(cert *x509.Certificate) (*x509.Certificate, *x509.Certificate, error)
 	loadProvisionerByCertificate func(cert *x509.Certificate) (provisioner.Interface, error)
+	loadProvisionerByID          func(provID string) (provisioner.Interface, error)
 	getProvisioners              func(nextCursor string, limit int) (provisioner.List, string, error)
 	revoke                       func(*authority.RevokeOptions) error
 	getEncryptedKey              func(kid string) (string, error)
@@ -581,6 +582,13 @@ func (m *mockAuthority) LoadProvisionerByCertificate(cert *x509.Certificate) (pr
 	return m.ret1.(provisioner.Interface), m.err
 }
 
+func (m *mockAuthority) LoadProvisionerByID(provID string) (provisioner.Interface, error) {
+	if m.loadProvisionerByID != nil {
+		return m.loadProvisionerByID(provID)
+	}
+	return m.ret1.(provisioner.Interface), m.err
+}
+
 func (m *mockAuthority) Revoke(opts *authority.RevokeOptions) error {
 	if m.revoke != nil {
 		return m.revoke(opts)

api/errors.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/acme"
 	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/logging"
 )
 
@@ -109,7 +110,13 @@ func NotFound(err error) error {
 
 // WriteError writes to w a JSON representation of the given error.
 func WriteError(w http.ResponseWriter, err error) {
+	switch k := err.(type) {
+	case *acme.Error:
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/problem+json")
+		err = k.ToACME()
+	default:
 		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	}
 	cause := errors.Cause(err)
 	if sc, ok := err.(StatusCoder); ok {
 		w.WriteHeader(sc.StatusCode())

api/revoke.go

@@ -87,8 +87,6 @@ func (h *caHandler) Revoke(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	}
 
 	logRevoke(w, opts)
-
-	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
 	JSON(w, &RevokeResponse{Status: "ok"})
 }
 

api/utils.go

@@ -10,6 +10,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/logging"
 )
 
+// EnableLogger is an interface that enables response logging for an object.
+type EnableLogger interface {
+	ToLog() (interface{}, error)
+}
+
 // LogError adds to the response writer the given error if it implements
 // logging.ResponseLogger. If it does not implement it, then writes the error
 // using the log package.
@@ -23,12 +28,40 @@ func LogError(rw http.ResponseWriter, err error) {
 	}
 }
 
+// LogEnabledResponse log the response object if it implements the EnableLogger
+// interface.
+func LogEnabledResponse(rw http.ResponseWriter, v interface{}) {
+	if el, ok := v.(EnableLogger); ok {
+		out, err := el.ToLog()
+		if err != nil {
+			LogError(rw, err)
+			return
+		}
+		if rl, ok := rw.(logging.ResponseLogger); ok {
+			rl.WithFields(map[string]interface{}{
+				"response": out,
+			})
+		} else {
+			log.Println(out)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // JSON writes the passed value into the http.ResponseWriter.
 func JSON(w http.ResponseWriter, v interface{}) {
+	JSONStatus(w, v, http.StatusOK)
+}
+
+// JSONStatus writes the given value into the http.ResponseWriter and the
+// given status is written as the status code of the response.
+func JSONStatus(w http.ResponseWriter, v interface{}, status int) {
 	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	w.WriteHeader(status)
 	if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(v); err != nil {
 		LogError(w, err)
+		return
 	}
+	LogEnabledResponse(w, v)
 }
 
 // ReadJSON reads JSON from the request body and stores it in the value

authority/authority.go

@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/smallstep/cli/crypto/x509util"
 )
 
-const legacyAuthority = "step-certificate-authority"
+const (
+	legacyAuthority = "step-certificate-authority"
+)
 
 // Authority implements the Certificate Authority internal interface.
 type Authority struct {

authority/error.go

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package authority
 
 import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 )
 
@@ -33,6 +35,12 @@ func (e *apiError) Error() string {
 	return ret
 }
 
+// ErrorResponse represents an error in JSON format.
+type ErrorResponse struct {
+	Status  int    `json:"status"`
+	Message string `json:"message"`
+}
+
 // StatusCode returns an http status code indicating the type and severity of
 // the error.
 func (e *apiError) StatusCode() int {
@@ -41,3 +49,19 @@ func (e *apiError) StatusCode() int {
 	}
 	return e.code
 }
+
+// MarshalJSON implements json.Marshaller interface for the Error struct.
+func (e *apiError) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	return json.Marshal(&ErrorResponse{Status: e.code, Message: http.StatusText(e.code)})
+}
+
+// UnmarshalJSON implements json.Unmarshaler interface for the Error struct.
+func (e *apiError) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+	var er ErrorResponse
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &er); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	e.code = er.Status
+	e.err = fmt.Errorf(er.Message)
+	return nil
+}

authority/provisioner/acme.go

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+package provisioner
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/x509"
+
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+)
+
+// ACME is the acme provisioner type, an entity that can authorize the ACME
+// provisioning flow.
+type ACME struct {
+	Type    string  `json:"type"`
+	Name    string  `json:"name"`
+	Claims  *Claims `json:"claims,omitempty"`
+	claimer *Claimer
+}
+
+// GetID returns the provisioner unique identifier.
+func (p ACME) GetID() string {
+	return "acme/" + p.Name
+}
+
+// GetTokenID returns the identifier of the token.
+func (p *ACME) GetTokenID(ott string) (string, error) {
+	return "", errors.New("acme provisioner does not implement GetTokenID")
+}
+
+// GetName returns the name of the provisioner.
+func (p *ACME) GetName() string {
+	return p.Name
+}
+
+// GetType returns the type of provisioner.
+func (p *ACME) GetType() Type {
+	return TypeACME
+}
+
+// GetEncryptedKey returns the base provisioner encrypted key if it's defined.
+func (p *ACME) GetEncryptedKey() (string, string, bool) {
+	return "", "", false
+}
+
+// Init initializes and validates the fields of a JWK type.
+func (p *ACME) Init(config Config) (err error) {
+	switch {
+	case p.Type == "":
+		return errors.New("provisioner type cannot be empty")
+	case p.Name == "":
+		return errors.New("provisioner name cannot be empty")
+	}
+
+	// Update claims with global ones
+	if p.claimer, err = NewClaimer(p.Claims, config.Claims); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return err
+}
+
+// AuthorizeRevoke is not implemented yet for the ACME provisioner.
+func (p *ACME) AuthorizeRevoke(token string) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+// AuthorizeSign validates the given token.
+func (p *ACME) AuthorizeSign(ctx context.Context, _ string) ([]SignOption, error) {
+	if m := MethodFromContext(ctx); m != SignMethod {
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("unexpected method type %d in context", m)
+	}
+	return []SignOption{
+		profileDefaultDuration(p.claimer.DefaultTLSCertDuration()),
+		newProvisionerExtensionOption(TypeACME, p.Name, ""),
+		newValidityValidator(p.claimer.MinTLSCertDuration(), p.claimer.MaxTLSCertDuration()),
+		defaultPublicKeyValidator{},
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// AuthorizeRenewal is not implemented for the ACME provisioner.
+func (p *ACME) AuthorizeRenewal(cert *x509.Certificate) error {
+	if p.claimer.IsDisableRenewal() {
+		return errors.Errorf("renew is disabled for provisioner %s", p.GetID())
+	}
+	return nil
+}

authority/provisioner/acme_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+package provisioner
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/x509"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/smallstep/assert"
+)
+
+func TestACME_Getters(t *testing.T) {
+	p, err := generateACME()
+	assert.FatalError(t, err)
+	id := "acme/" + p.Name
+	if got := p.GetID(); got != id {
+		t.Errorf("ACME.GetID() = %v, want %v", got, id)
+	}
+	if got := p.GetName(); got != p.Name {
+		t.Errorf("ACME.GetName() = %v, want %v", got, p.Name)
+	}
+	if got := p.GetType(); got != TypeACME {
+		t.Errorf("ACME.GetType() = %v, want %v", got, TypeACME)
+	}
+	kid, key, ok := p.GetEncryptedKey()
+	if kid != "" || key != "" || ok == true {
+		t.Errorf("ACME.GetEncryptedKey() = (%v, %v, %v), want (%v, %v, %v)",
+			kid, key, ok, "", "", false)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestACME_Init(t *testing.T) {
+	type ProvisionerValidateTest struct {
+		p   *ACME
+		err error
+	}
+	tests := map[string]func(*testing.T) ProvisionerValidateTest{
+		"fail-empty": func(t *testing.T) ProvisionerValidateTest {
+			return ProvisionerValidateTest{
+				p:   &ACME{},
+				err: errors.New("provisioner type cannot be empty"),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail-empty-name": func(t *testing.T) ProvisionerValidateTest {
+			return ProvisionerValidateTest{
+				p: &ACME{
+					Type: "ACME",
+				},
+				err: errors.New("provisioner name cannot be empty"),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail-empty-type": func(t *testing.T) ProvisionerValidateTest {
+			return ProvisionerValidateTest{
+				p:   &ACME{Name: "foo"},
+				err: errors.New("provisioner type cannot be empty"),
+			}
+		},
+		"fail-bad-claims": func(t *testing.T) ProvisionerValidateTest {
+			return ProvisionerValidateTest{
+				p:   &ACME{Name: "foo", Type: "bar", Claims: &Claims{DefaultTLSDur: &Duration{0}}},
+				err: errors.New("claims: DefaultTLSCertDuration must be greater than 0"),
+			}
+		},
+		"ok": func(t *testing.T) ProvisionerValidateTest {
+			return ProvisionerValidateTest{
+				p: &ACME{Name: "foo", Type: "bar"},
+			}
+		},
+	}
+
+	config := Config{
+		Claims:    globalProvisionerClaims,
+		Audiences: testAudiences,
+	}
+	for name, get := range tests {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tc := get(t)
+			err := tc.p.Init(config)
+			if err != nil {
+				if assert.NotNil(t, tc.err) {
+					assert.Equals(t, tc.err.Error(), err.Error())
+				}
+			} else {
+				assert.Nil(t, tc.err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestACME_AuthorizeRevoke(t *testing.T) {
+	p, err := generateACME()
+	assert.FatalError(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, p.AuthorizeRevoke(""))
+}
+
+func TestACME_AuthorizeRenewal(t *testing.T) {
+	p1, err := generateACME()
+	assert.FatalError(t, err)
+	p2, err := generateACME()
+	assert.FatalError(t, err)
+
+	// disable renewal
+	disable := true
+	p2.Claims = &Claims{DisableRenewal: &disable}
+	p2.claimer, err = NewClaimer(p2.Claims, globalProvisionerClaims)
+	assert.FatalError(t, err)
+
+	type args struct {
+		cert *x509.Certificate
+	}
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		prov *ACME
+		args args
+		err  error
+	}{
+		{"ok", p1, args{nil}, nil},
+		{"fail", p2, args{nil}, errors.Errorf("renew is disabled for provisioner %s", p2.GetID())},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if err := tt.prov.AuthorizeRenewal(tt.args.cert); err != nil {
+				if assert.NotNil(t, tt.err) {
+					assert.HasPrefix(t, err.Error(), tt.err.Error())
+				}
+			} else {
+				assert.Nil(t, tt.err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestACME_AuthorizeSign(t *testing.T) {
+	p1, err := generateACME()
+	assert.FatalError(t, err)
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		prov   *ACME
+		method Method
+		err    error
+	}{
+		{"fail/method", p1, SignSSHMethod, errors.New("unexpected method type 1 in context")},
+		{"ok", p1, SignMethod, nil},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			ctx := NewContextWithMethod(context.Background(), tt.method)
+			if got, err := tt.prov.AuthorizeSign(ctx, ""); err != nil {
+				if assert.NotNil(t, tt.err) {
+					assert.HasPrefix(t, err.Error(), tt.err.Error())
+				}
+			} else {
+				if assert.NotNil(t, got) {
+					assert.Len(t, 4, got)
+
+					_pdd := got[0]
+					pdd, ok := _pdd.(profileDefaultDuration)
+					assert.True(t, ok)
+					assert.Equals(t, pdd, profileDefaultDuration(86400000000000))
+
+					_peo := got[1]
+					peo, ok := _peo.(*provisionerExtensionOption)
+					assert.True(t, ok)
+					assert.Equals(t, peo.Type, 6)
+					assert.Equals(t, peo.Name, "test@acme-provisioner.com")
+					assert.Equals(t, peo.CredentialID, "")
+					assert.Equals(t, peo.KeyValuePairs, nil)
+
+					_vv := got[2]
+					vv, ok := _vv.(*validityValidator)
+					assert.True(t, ok)
+					assert.Equals(t, vv.min, time.Duration(300000000000))
+					assert.Equals(t, vv.max, time.Duration(86400000000000))
+
+					_dpkv := got[3]
+					_, ok = _dpkv.(defaultPublicKeyValidator)
+					assert.True(t, ok)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

authority/provisioner/collection.go

@@ -127,6 +127,8 @@ func (c *Collection) LoadByCertificate(cert *x509.Certificate) (Interface, bool)
 				return c.Load("aws/" + string(provisioner.Name))
 			case TypeGCP:
 				return c.Load("gcp/" + string(provisioner.Name))
+			case TypeACME:
+				return c.Load("acme/" + string(provisioner.Name))
 			default:
 				return c.Load(string(provisioner.CredentialID))
 			}
@@ -152,8 +154,9 @@ func (c *Collection) LoadEncryptedKey(keyID string) (string, bool) {
 // Store adds a provisioner to the collection and enforces the uniqueness of
 // provisioner IDs.
 func (c *Collection) Store(p Interface) error {
+	fmt.Printf("p.GetID() = %+v\n", p.GetID())
 	// Store provisioner always in byID. ID must be unique.
-	if _, loaded := c.byID.LoadOrStore(p.GetID(), p); loaded == true {
+	if _, loaded := c.byID.LoadOrStore(p.GetID(), p); loaded {
 		return errors.New("cannot add multiple provisioners with the same id")
 	}
 

authority/provisioner/collection_test.go

@@ -133,15 +133,20 @@ func TestCollection_LoadByCertificate(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.FatalError(t, err)
 	p2, err := generateOIDC()
 	assert.FatalError(t, err)
+	p3, err := generateACME()
+	assert.FatalError(t, err)
 
 	byID := new(sync.Map)
 	byID.Store(p1.GetID(), p1)
 	byID.Store(p2.GetID(), p2)
+	byID.Store(p3.GetID(), p3)
 
 	ok1Ext, err := createProvisionerExtension(1, p1.Name, p1.Key.KeyID)
 	assert.FatalError(t, err)
 	ok2Ext, err := createProvisionerExtension(2, p2.Name, p2.ClientID)
 	assert.FatalError(t, err)
+	ok3Ext, err := createProvisionerExtension(int(TypeACME), p3.Name, "")
+	assert.FatalError(t, err)
 	notFoundExt, err := createProvisionerExtension(1, "foo", "bar")
 	assert.FatalError(t, err)
 
@@ -151,6 +156,9 @@ func TestCollection_LoadByCertificate(t *testing.T) {
 	ok2Cert := &x509.Certificate{
 		Extensions: []pkix.Extension{ok2Ext},
 	}
+	ok3Cert := &x509.Certificate{
+		Extensions: []pkix.Extension{ok3Ext},
+	}
 	notFoundCert := &x509.Certificate{
 		Extensions: []pkix.Extension{notFoundExt},
 	}
@@ -176,6 +184,7 @@ func TestCollection_LoadByCertificate(t *testing.T) {
 	}{
 		{"ok1", fields{byID, testAudiences}, args{ok1Cert}, p1, true},
 		{"ok2", fields{byID, testAudiences}, args{ok2Cert}, p2, true},
+		{"ok3", fields{byID, testAudiences}, args{ok3Cert}, p3, true},
 		{"noExtension", fields{byID, testAudiences}, args{&x509.Certificate{}}, &noop{}, true},
 		{"notFound", fields{byID, testAudiences}, args{notFoundCert}, nil, false},
 		{"badCert", fields{byID, testAudiences}, args{badCert}, nil, false},

authority/provisioner/provisioner.go

@@ -84,6 +84,8 @@ const (
 	TypeAWS Type = 4
 	// TypeAzure is used to indicate the Azure provisioners.
 	TypeAzure Type = 5
+	// TypeACME is used to indicate the ACME provisioners.
+	TypeACME Type = 6
 
 	// RevokeAudienceKey is the key for the 'revoke' audiences in the audiences map.
 	RevokeAudienceKey = "revoke"
@@ -104,6 +106,8 @@ func (t Type) String() string {
 		return "AWS"
 	case TypeAzure:
 		return "Azure"
+	case TypeACME:
+		return "ACME"
 	default:
 		return ""
 	}
@@ -151,6 +155,8 @@ func (l *List) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 			p = &AWS{}
 		case "azure":
 			p = &Azure{}
+		case "acme":
+			p = &ACME{}
 		default:
 			// Skip unsupported provisioners. A client using this method may be
 			// compiled with a version of smallstep/certificates that does not
@@ -197,3 +203,93 @@ func SanitizeSSHUserPrincipal(email string) string {
 		}
 	}, strings.ToLower(email))
 }
+
+// MockProvisioner for testing
+type MockProvisioner struct {
+	Mret1, Mret2, Mret3 interface{}
+	Merr                error
+	MgetID              func() string
+	MgetTokenID         func(string) (string, error)
+	MgetName            func() string
+	MgetType            func() Type
+	MgetEncryptedKey    func() (string, string, bool)
+	Minit               func(Config) error
+	MauthorizeRevoke    func(ott string) error
+	MauthorizeSign      func(ctx context.Context, ott string) ([]SignOption, error)
+	MauthorizeRenewal   func(*x509.Certificate) error
+}
+
+// GetID mock
+func (m *MockProvisioner) GetID() string {
+	if m.MgetID != nil {
+		return m.MgetID()
+	}
+	return m.Mret1.(string)
+}
+
+// GetTokenID mock
+func (m *MockProvisioner) GetTokenID(token string) (string, error) {
+	if m.MgetTokenID != nil {
+		return m.MgetTokenID(token)
+	}
+	if m.Mret1 == nil {
+		return "", m.Merr
+	}
+	return m.Mret1.(string), m.Merr
+}
+
+// GetName mock
+func (m *MockProvisioner) GetName() string {
+	if m.MgetName != nil {
+		return m.MgetName()
+	}
+	return m.Mret1.(string)
+}
+
+// GetType mock
+func (m *MockProvisioner) GetType() Type {
+	if m.MgetType != nil {
+		return m.MgetType()
+	}
+	return m.Mret1.(Type)
+}
+
+// GetEncryptedKey mock
+func (m *MockProvisioner) GetEncryptedKey() (string, string, bool) {
+	if m.MgetEncryptedKey != nil {
+		return m.MgetEncryptedKey()
+	}
+	return m.Mret1.(string), m.Mret2.(string), m.Mret3.(bool)
+}
+
+// Init mock
+func (m *MockProvisioner) Init(c Config) error {
+	if m.Minit != nil {
+		return m.Minit(c)
+	}
+	return m.Merr
+}
+
+// AuthorizeRevoke mock
+func (m *MockProvisioner) AuthorizeRevoke(ott string) error {
+	if m.MauthorizeRevoke != nil {
+		return m.MauthorizeRevoke(ott)
+	}
+	return m.Merr
+}
+
+// AuthorizeSign mock
+func (m *MockProvisioner) AuthorizeSign(ctx context.Context, ott string) ([]SignOption, error) {
+	if m.MauthorizeSign != nil {
+		return m.MauthorizeSign(ctx, ott)
+	}
+	return m.Mret1.([]SignOption), m.Merr
+}
+
+// AuthorizeRenewal mock
+func (m *MockProvisioner) AuthorizeRenewal(c *x509.Certificate) error {
+	if m.MauthorizeRenewal != nil {
+		return m.MauthorizeRenewal(c)
+	}
+	return m.Merr
+}

authority/provisioner/sign_ssh_options.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/smallstep/cli/crypto/keys"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
 )
 
@@ -298,8 +299,9 @@ func (v sshDefaultPublicKeyValidator) Valid(cert *ssh.Certificate) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		if key.Size() < 256 {
+		if key.Size() < keys.MinRSAKeyBytes {
-			return errors.New("ssh certificate key must be at least 2048 bits (256 bytes)")
+			return errors.Errorf("ssh certificate key must be at least %d bits (%d bytes)",
+				8*keys.MinRSAKeyBytes, keys.MinRSAKeyBytes)
 		}
 		return nil
 	case ssh.KeyAlgoDSA:

authority/provisioner/utils_test.go

@@ -730,3 +730,15 @@ func generateJWKServer(n int) *httptest.Server {
 	srv.Start()
 	return srv
 }
+
+func generateACME() (*ACME, error) {
+	// Initialize provisioners
+	p := &ACME{
+		Type: "ACME",
+		Name: "test@acme-provisioner.com",
+	}
+	if err := p.Init(Config{Claims: globalProvisionerClaims}); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return p, nil
+}

authority/provisioners.go

@@ -35,3 +35,13 @@ func (a *Authority) LoadProvisionerByCertificate(crt *x509.Certificate) (provisi
 	}
 	return p, nil
 }
+
+// LoadProvisionerByID returns an interface to the provisioner with the given ID.
+func (a *Authority) LoadProvisionerByID(id string) (provisioner.Interface, error) {
+	p, ok := a.provisioners.Load(id)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, &apiError{errors.Errorf("provisioner not found"),
+			http.StatusNotFound, apiCtx{}}
+	}
+	return p, nil
+}

authority/testdata/certs/badsig.csr

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----
+MIIBBTCBqwIBADAbMRkwFwYDVQQDExBleGFtcGxlLmFjbWUuY29tMFkwEwYHKoZI
+zj0CAQYIKoZIzj0DAQcDQgAEk67TNST5NIdTgAutRDPfO0wa8CGAFjO7D1IoUlJI
+cOA48D4pSkar8v/l4dmKvxdiCNEaU8G0S16zI6dZoBGYAaAuMCwGCSqGSIb3DQEJ
+DjEfMB0wGwYDVR0RBBQwEoIQZXhhbXBsZS5hY21lLmNvbTAKBggqhkjOPQQDAgNJ
+ADBGAiEAiuk3HO986dhTjxNBBUsw7sorDWSX2+6sWvYsYkDfJrQCIQDS32JVK0P5
+OI+cWOIc/IGwqZul/zEF5dani5ihOL7UwA==
+-----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----

authority/testdata/certs/foo.csr

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----
+MIIBBTCBqwIBADAbMRkwFwYDVQQDExBleGFtcGxlLmFjbWUuY29tMFkwEwYHKoZI
+zj0CAQYIKoZIzj0DAQcDQgAEk67TNST5NIdTgAutRDPfO0wa8CGAFjO7D1IoUlJI
+cOA48D4pSkar8v/l4dmKvxdiCNEaU8G0S16zI6dZoBGYAaAuMCwGCSqGSIb3DQEJ
+DjEfMB0wGwYDVR0RBBQwEoIQZXhhbXBsZS5hY21lLmNvbTAKBggqhkjOPQQDAgNJ
+ADBGAiEAiuk3HO986dhTjxNBBUsw7sorDWSX2+6sWvYsYkDfJrQCIQDS32JVK0P5
+OI+cWOIc/IGwqZul/zEF5dani5ihOR7UwA==
+-----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----

ca/acmeClient.go

@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+package ca
+
+import (
+	"crypto/x509"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"encoding/pem"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/acme"
+	acmeAPI "github.com/smallstep/certificates/acme/api"
+	"github.com/smallstep/cli/jose"
+)
+
+// ACMEClient implements an HTTP client to an ACME API.
+type ACMEClient struct {
+	client *http.Client
+	dirLoc string
+	dir    *acme.Directory
+	acc    *acme.Account
+	Key    *jose.JSONWebKey
+	kid    string
+}
+
+// NewACMEClient initializes a new ACMEClient.
+func NewACMEClient(endpoint string, contact []string, opts ...ClientOption) (*ACMEClient, error) {
+	// Retrieve transport from options.
+	o := new(clientOptions)
+	if err := o.apply(opts); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	tr, err := o.getTransport(endpoint)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	ac := &ACMEClient{
+		client: &http.Client{
+			Transport: tr,
+		},
+		dirLoc: endpoint,
+	}
+
+	resp, err := ac.client.Get(endpoint)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "client GET %s failed", endpoint)
+	}
+	if resp.StatusCode >= 400 {
+		return nil, readACMEError(resp.Body)
+	}
+	var dir acme.Directory
+	if err := readJSON(resp.Body, &dir); err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error reading %s", endpoint)
+	}
+
+	ac.dir = &dir
+
+	ac.Key, err = jose.GenerateJWK("EC", "P-256", "ES256", "sig", "", 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	nar := &acmeAPI.NewAccountRequest{
+		Contact:              contact,
+		TermsOfServiceAgreed: true,
+	}
+	payload, err := json.Marshal(nar)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "error marshaling new account request")
+	}
+
+	resp, err = ac.post(payload, ac.dir.NewAccount, withJWK(ac))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.StatusCode >= 400 {
+		return nil, readACMEError(resp.Body)
+	}
+	var acc acme.Account
+	if err := readJSON(resp.Body, &acc); err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error reading %s", dir.NewAccount)
+	}
+	ac.acc = &acc
+	ac.kid = resp.Header.Get("Location")
+
+	return ac, nil
+}
+
+// GetDirectory makes a directory request to the ACME api and returns an
+// ACME directory object.
+func (c *ACMEClient) GetDirectory() (*acme.Directory, error) {
+	return c.dir, nil
+}
+
+// GetNonce makes a nonce request to the ACME api and returns an
+// ACME directory object.
+func (c *ACMEClient) GetNonce() (string, error) {
+	resp, err := c.client.Get(c.dir.NewNonce)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", errors.Wrapf(err, "client GET %s failed", c.dir.NewNonce)
+	}
+	if resp.StatusCode >= 400 {
+		return "", readACMEError(resp.Body)
+	}
+	return resp.Header.Get("Replay-Nonce"), nil
+}
+
+type withHeaderOption func(so *jose.SignerOptions)
+
+func withJWK(c *ACMEClient) withHeaderOption {
+	return func(so *jose.SignerOptions) {
+		so.WithHeader("jwk", c.Key.Public())
+	}
+}
+
+func withKid(c *ACMEClient) withHeaderOption {
+	return func(so *jose.SignerOptions) {
+		so.WithHeader("kid", c.kid)
+	}
+}
+
+// serialize serializes a json web signature and doesn't omit empty fields.
+func serialize(obj *jose.JSONWebSignature) (string, error) {
+	raw, err := obj.CompactSerialize()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", errors.Wrap(err, "error serializing JWS")
+	}
+	parts := strings.Split(raw, ".")
+	msg := struct {
+		Protected string `json:"protected"`
+		Payload   string `json:"payload"`
+		Signature string `json:"signature"`
+	}{Protected: parts[0], Payload: parts[1], Signature: parts[2]}
+	b, err := json.Marshal(msg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", errors.Wrap(err, "error marshaling jws message")
+	}
+	return string(b), nil
+}
+
+func (c *ACMEClient) post(payload []byte, url string, headerOps ...withHeaderOption) (*http.Response, error) {
+	if c.Key == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("acme client not configured with account")
+	}
+	nonce, err := c.GetNonce()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	so := new(jose.SignerOptions)
+	so.WithHeader("nonce", nonce)
+	so.WithHeader("url", url)
+	for _, hop := range headerOps {
+		hop(so)
+	}
+	signer, err := jose.NewSigner(jose.SigningKey{
+		Algorithm: jose.SignatureAlgorithm(c.Key.Algorithm),
+		Key:       c.Key.Key,
+	}, so)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "error creating JWS signer")
+	}
+	signed, err := signer.Sign(payload)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("error signing payload: %s", strings.TrimPrefix(err.Error(), "square/go-jose: "))
+	}
+	raw, err := serialize(signed)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	resp, err := c.client.Post(url, "application/jose+json", strings.NewReader(raw))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "client GET %s failed", c.dir.NewOrder)
+	}
+	return resp, nil
+}
+
+// NewOrder creates and returns the information for a new ACME order.
+func (c *ACMEClient) NewOrder(payload []byte) (*acme.Order, error) {
+	resp, err := c.post(payload, c.dir.NewOrder, withKid(c))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.StatusCode >= 400 {
+		return nil, readACMEError(resp.Body)
+	}
+
+	var o acme.Order
+	if err := readJSON(resp.Body, &o); err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error reading %s", c.dir.NewOrder)
+	}
+	o.ID = resp.Header.Get("Location")
+	return &o, nil
+}
+
+// GetChallenge returns the Challenge at the given path.
+// With the validate parameter set to True this method will attempt to validate the
+// challenge before returning it.
+func (c *ACMEClient) GetChallenge(url string) (*acme.Challenge, error) {
+	resp, err := c.post(nil, url, withKid(c))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.StatusCode >= 400 {
+		return nil, readACMEError(resp.Body)
+	}
+
+	var ch acme.Challenge
+	if err := readJSON(resp.Body, &ch); err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error reading %s", url)
+	}
+	return &ch, nil
+}
+
+// ValidateChallenge returns the Challenge at the given path.
+// With the validate parameter set to True this method will attempt to validate the
+// challenge before returning it.
+func (c *ACMEClient) ValidateChallenge(url string) error {
+	resp, err := c.post([]byte("{}"), url, withKid(c))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if resp.StatusCode >= 400 {
+		return readACMEError(resp.Body)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GetAuthz returns the Authz at the given path.
+func (c *ACMEClient) GetAuthz(url string) (*acme.Authz, error) {
+	resp, err := c.post(nil, url, withKid(c))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.StatusCode >= 400 {
+		return nil, readACMEError(resp.Body)
+	}
+
+	var az acme.Authz
+	if err := readJSON(resp.Body, &az); err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error reading %s", url)
+	}
+	return &az, nil
+}
+
+// GetOrder returns the Order at the given path.
+func (c *ACMEClient) GetOrder(url string) (*acme.Order, error) {
+	resp, err := c.post(nil, url, withKid(c))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.StatusCode >= 400 {
+		return nil, readACMEError(resp.Body)
+	}
+
+	var o acme.Order
+	if err := readJSON(resp.Body, &o); err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error reading %s", url)
+	}
+	return &o, nil
+}
+
+// FinalizeOrder makes a finalize request to the ACME api.
+func (c *ACMEClient) FinalizeOrder(url string, csr *x509.CertificateRequest) error {
+	payload, err := json.Marshal(acmeAPI.FinalizeRequest{
+		CSR: base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(csr.Raw),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "error marshaling finalize request")
+	}
+	resp, err := c.post(payload, url, withKid(c))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if resp.StatusCode >= 400 {
+		return readACMEError(resp.Body)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GetCertificate retrieves the certificate along with all intermediates.
+func (c *ACMEClient) GetCertificate(url string) (*x509.Certificate, []*x509.Certificate, error) {
+	resp, err := c.post(nil, url, withKid(c))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.StatusCode >= 400 {
+		return nil, nil, readACMEError(resp.Body)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	bodyBytes, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, errors.Wrap(err, "error reading GET certificate response")
+	}
+
+	var certs []*x509.Certificate
+
+	block, rest := pem.Decode(bodyBytes)
+	if block == nil {
+		return nil, nil, errors.New("failed to parse any certificates from response")
+	}
+	for block != nil {
+		cert, err := x509.ParseCertificate(block.Bytes)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, errors.Wrap(err, "error parsing certificate pem response")
+		}
+		certs = append(certs, cert)
+		block, rest = pem.Decode(rest)
+	}
+
+	return certs[0], certs[1:], nil
+}
+
+// GetAccountOrders retrieves the orders belonging to the given account.
+func (c *ACMEClient) GetAccountOrders() ([]string, error) {
+	if c.acc == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("acme client not configured with account")
+	}
+	resp, err := c.post(nil, c.acc.Orders, withKid(c))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.StatusCode >= 400 {
+		return nil, readACMEError(resp.Body)
+	}
+
+	var orders []string
+	if err := readJSON(resp.Body, &orders); err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error reading %s", c.acc.Orders)
+	}
+
+	return orders, nil
+}
+
+func readACMEError(r io.ReadCloser) error {
+	defer r.Close()
+	b, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "error reading from body")
+	}
+	ae := new(acme.AError)
+	err = json.Unmarshal(b, &ae)
+	// If we successfully marshaled to an ACMEError then return the ACMEError.
+	if err != nil || len(ae.Error()) == 0 {
+		fmt.Printf("b = %s\n", b)
+		// Throw up our hands.
+		return errors.Errorf("%s", b)
+	}
+	return ae
+}

ca/ca.go

@@ -3,18 +3,23 @@ package ca
 import (
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"crypto/x509"
+	"fmt"
 	"log"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
 	"reflect"
 
 	"github.com/go-chi/chi"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/acme"
+	acmeAPI "github.com/smallstep/certificates/acme/api"
 	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/api"
 	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/authority"
 	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/db"
 	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/logging"
 	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/monitoring"
 	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/server"
+	"github.com/smallstep/nosql"
 )
 
 type options struct {
@@ -59,6 +64,7 @@ func WithDatabase(db db.AuthDB) Option {
 // the HTTP server, set ups the middlewares and the HTTP handlers.
 type CA struct {
 	auth     *authority.Authority
+	acmeAuth *acme.Authority
 	config   *authority.Config
 	srv      *server.Server
 	opts     *options
@@ -100,13 +106,47 @@ func (ca *CA) Init(config *authority.Config) (*CA, error) {
 	mux := chi.NewRouter()
 	handler := http.Handler(mux)
 
-	// Add api endpoints in / and /1.0
+	// Add regular CA api endpoints in / and /1.0
 	routerHandler := api.New(auth)
 	routerHandler.Route(mux)
 	mux.Route("/1.0", func(r chi.Router) {
 		routerHandler.Route(r)
 	})
 
+	//Add ACME api endpoints in /acme and /1.0/acme
+	dns := config.DNSNames[0]
+	u, err := url.Parse("https://" + config.Address)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	port := u.Port()
+	if port != "" && port != "443" {
+		dns = fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", dns, port)
+	}
+
+	prefix := "acme"
+	acmeAuth := acme.NewAuthority(auth.GetDatabase().(nosql.DB), dns, prefix, auth)
+	acmeRouterHandler := acmeAPI.New(acmeAuth)
+	mux.Route("/"+prefix, func(r chi.Router) {
+		acmeRouterHandler.Route(r)
+	})
+	// Use 2.0 because, at the moment, our ACME api is only compatible with v2.0
+	// of the ACME spec.
+	mux.Route("/2.0/"+prefix, func(r chi.Router) {
+		acmeRouterHandler.Route(r)
+	})
+
+	/*
+		// helpful routine for logging all routes //
+		walkFunc := func(method string, route string, handler http.Handler, middlewares ...func(http.Handler) http.Handler) error {
+			fmt.Printf("%s %s\n", method, route)
+			return nil
+		}
+		if err := chi.Walk(mux, walkFunc); err != nil {
+			fmt.Printf("Logging err: %s\n", err.Error())
+		}
+	*/
+
 	// Add monitoring if configured
 	if len(config.Monitoring) > 0 {
 		m, err := monitoring.New(config.Monitoring)

ca/client_test.go

@@ -163,8 +163,7 @@ func TestClient_Health(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 
 			srv.Config.Handler = http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
-				w.WriteHeader(tt.responseCode)
+				api.JSONStatus(w, tt.response, tt.responseCode)
-				api.JSON(w, tt.response)
 			})
 
 			got, err := c.Health()
@@ -224,8 +223,7 @@ func TestClient_Root(t *testing.T) {
 				if req.RequestURI != expected {
 					t.Errorf("RequestURI = %s, want %s", req.RequestURI, expected)
 				}
-				w.WriteHeader(tt.responseCode)
+				api.JSONStatus(w, tt.response, tt.responseCode)
-				api.JSON(w, tt.response)
 			})
 
 			got, err := c.Root(tt.shasum)
@@ -303,8 +301,7 @@ func TestClient_Sign(t *testing.T) {
 						t.Errorf("Client.Sign() request = %v, wants %v", body, tt.request)
 					}
 				}
-				w.WriteHeader(tt.responseCode)
+				api.JSONStatus(w, tt.response, tt.responseCode)
-				api.JSON(w, tt.response)
 			})
 
 			got, err := c.Sign(tt.request)
@@ -378,8 +375,7 @@ func TestClient_Revoke(t *testing.T) {
 						t.Errorf("Client.Revoke() request = %v, wants %v", body, tt.request)
 					}
 				}
-				w.WriteHeader(tt.responseCode)
+				api.JSONStatus(w, tt.response, tt.responseCode)
-				api.JSON(w, tt.response)
 			})
 
 			got, err := c.Revoke(tt.request, nil)
@@ -438,8 +434,7 @@ func TestClient_Renew(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 
 			srv.Config.Handler = http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
-				w.WriteHeader(tt.responseCode)
+				api.JSONStatus(w, tt.response, tt.responseCode)
-				api.JSON(w, tt.response)
 			})
 
 			got, err := c.Renew(nil)
@@ -502,8 +497,7 @@ func TestClient_Provisioners(t *testing.T) {
 				if req.RequestURI != tt.expectedURI {
 					t.Errorf("RequestURI = %s, want %s", req.RequestURI, tt.expectedURI)
 				}
-				w.WriteHeader(tt.responseCode)
+				api.JSONStatus(w, tt.response, tt.responseCode)
-				api.JSON(w, tt.response)
 			})
 
 			got, err := c.Provisioners(tt.args...)
@@ -562,8 +556,7 @@ func TestClient_ProvisionerKey(t *testing.T) {
 				if req.RequestURI != expected {
 					t.Errorf("RequestURI = %s, want %s", req.RequestURI, expected)
 				}
-				w.WriteHeader(tt.responseCode)
+				api.JSONStatus(w, tt.response, tt.responseCode)
-				api.JSON(w, tt.response)
 			})
 
 			got, err := c.ProvisionerKey(tt.kid)
@@ -622,8 +615,7 @@ func TestClient_Roots(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 
 			srv.Config.Handler = http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
-				w.WriteHeader(tt.responseCode)
+				api.JSONStatus(w, tt.response, tt.responseCode)
-				api.JSON(w, tt.response)
 			})
 
 			got, err := c.Roots()
@@ -683,8 +675,7 @@ func TestClient_Federation(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 
 			srv.Config.Handler = http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
-				w.WriteHeader(tt.responseCode)
+				api.JSONStatus(w, tt.response, tt.responseCode)
-				api.JSON(w, tt.response)
 			})
 
 			got, err := c.Federation()
@@ -783,8 +774,7 @@ func TestClient_RootFingerprint(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 
 			tt.server.Config.Handler = http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
-				w.WriteHeader(tt.responseCode)
+				api.JSONStatus(w, tt.response, tt.responseCode)
-				api.JSON(w, tt.response)
 			})
 
 			got, err := c.RootFingerprint()

db/db.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/smallstep/nosql"
+	"github.com/smallstep/nosql/database"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -102,22 +103,20 @@ func (db *DB) IsRevoked(sn string) (bool, error) {
 
 // Revoke adds a certificate to the revocation table.
 func (db *DB) Revoke(rci *RevokedCertificateInfo) error {
-	isRvkd, err := db.IsRevoked(rci.Serial)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if isRvkd {
-		return ErrAlreadyExists
-	}
 	rcib, err := json.Marshal(rci)
 	if err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "error marshaling revoked certificate info")
 	}
 
-	if err = db.Set(revokedCertsTable, []byte(rci.Serial), rcib); err != nil {
+	_, swapped, err := db.CmpAndSwap(revokedCertsTable, []byte(rci.Serial), nil, rcib)
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "database Set error")
+	switch {
-	}
+	case err != nil:
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "error AuthDB CmpAndSwap")
+	case !swapped:
+		return ErrAlreadyExists
+	default:
 		return nil
+	}
 }
 
 // StoreCertificate stores a certificate PEM.
@@ -132,15 +131,11 @@ func (db *DB) StoreCertificate(crt *x509.Certificate) error {
 // for the first time, false otherwise.
 func (db *DB) UseToken(id, tok string) (bool, error) {
 	_, swapped, err := db.CmpAndSwap(usedOTTTable, []byte(id), nil, []byte(tok))
-	switch {
+	if err != nil {
-	case err != nil:
 		return false, errors.Wrapf(err, "error storing used token %s/%s",
 			string(usedOTTTable), id)
-	case !swapped:
-		return false, nil
-	default:
-		return true, nil
 	}
+	return swapped, nil
 }
 
 // Shutdown sends a shutdown message to the database.
@@ -153,3 +148,105 @@ func (db *DB) Shutdown() error {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+// MockNoSQLDB //
+type MockNoSQLDB struct {
+	Err          error
+	Ret1, Ret2   interface{}
+	MGet         func(bucket, key []byte) ([]byte, error)
+	MSet         func(bucket, key, value []byte) error
+	MOpen        func(dataSourceName string, opt ...database.Option) error
+	MClose       func() error
+	MCreateTable func(bucket []byte) error
+	MDeleteTable func(bucket []byte) error
+	MDel         func(bucket, key []byte) error
+	MList        func(bucket []byte) ([]*database.Entry, error)
+	MUpdate      func(tx *database.Tx) error
+	MCmpAndSwap  func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error)
+}
+
+// CmpAndSwap mock
+func (m *MockNoSQLDB) CmpAndSwap(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+	if m.MCmpAndSwap != nil {
+		return m.MCmpAndSwap(bucket, key, old, newval)
+	}
+	if m.Ret1 == nil {
+		return nil, false, m.Err
+	}
+	return m.Ret1.([]byte), m.Ret2.(bool), m.Err
+}
+
+// Get mock
+func (m *MockNoSQLDB) Get(bucket, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	if m.MGet != nil {
+		return m.MGet(bucket, key)
+	}
+	if m.Ret1 == nil {
+		return nil, m.Err
+	}
+	return m.Ret1.([]byte), m.Err
+}
+
+// Set mock
+func (m *MockNoSQLDB) Set(bucket, key, value []byte) error {
+	if m.MSet != nil {
+		return m.MSet(bucket, key, value)
+	}
+	return m.Err
+}
+
+// Open mock
+func (m *MockNoSQLDB) Open(dataSourceName string, opt ...database.Option) error {
+	if m.MOpen != nil {
+		return m.MOpen(dataSourceName, opt...)
+	}
+	return m.Err
+}
+
+// Close mock
+func (m *MockNoSQLDB) Close() error {
+	if m.MClose != nil {
+		return m.MClose()
+	}
+	return m.Err
+}
+
+// CreateTable mock
+func (m *MockNoSQLDB) CreateTable(bucket []byte) error {
+	if m.MCreateTable != nil {
+		return m.MCreateTable(bucket)
+	}
+	return m.Err
+}
+
+// DeleteTable mock
+func (m *MockNoSQLDB) DeleteTable(bucket []byte) error {
+	if m.MDeleteTable != nil {
+		return m.MDeleteTable(bucket)
+	}
+	return m.Err
+}
+
+// Del mock
+func (m *MockNoSQLDB) Del(bucket, key []byte) error {
+	if m.MDel != nil {
+		return m.MDel(bucket, key)
+	}
+	return m.Err
+}
+
+// List mock
+func (m *MockNoSQLDB) List(bucket []byte) ([]*database.Entry, error) {
+	if m.MList != nil {
+		return m.MList(bucket)
+	}
+	return m.Ret1.([]*database.Entry), m.Err
+}
+
+// Update mock
+func (m *MockNoSQLDB) Update(tx *database.Tx) error {
+	if m.MUpdate != nil {
+		return m.MUpdate(tx)
+	}
+	return m.Err
+}

db/db_test.go

@@ -8,97 +8,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/smallstep/nosql/database"
 )
 
-type MockNoSQLDB struct {
-	err         error
-	ret1, ret2  interface{}
-	get         func(bucket, key []byte) ([]byte, error)
-	set         func(bucket, key, value []byte) error
-	open        func(dataSourceName string, opt ...database.Option) error
-	close       func() error
-	createTable func(bucket []byte) error
-	deleteTable func(bucket []byte) error
-	del         func(bucket, key []byte) error
-	list        func(bucket []byte) ([]*database.Entry, error)
-	update      func(tx *database.Tx) error
-	cmpAndSwap  func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error)
-}
-
-func (m *MockNoSQLDB) CmpAndSwap(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
-	if m.cmpAndSwap != nil {
-		return m.cmpAndSwap(bucket, key, old, newval)
-	}
-	if m.ret1 == nil {
-		return nil, false, m.err
-	}
-	return m.ret1.([]byte), m.ret2.(bool), m.err
-}
-
-func (m *MockNoSQLDB) Get(bucket, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
-	if m.get != nil {
-		return m.get(bucket, key)
-	}
-	if m.ret1 == nil {
-		return nil, m.err
-	}
-	return m.ret1.([]byte), m.err
-}
-
-func (m *MockNoSQLDB) Set(bucket, key, value []byte) error {
-	if m.set != nil {
-		return m.set(bucket, key, value)
-	}
-	return m.err
-}
-
-func (m *MockNoSQLDB) Open(dataSourceName string, opt ...database.Option) error {
-	if m.open != nil {
-		return m.open(dataSourceName, opt...)
-	}
-	return m.err
-}
-
-func (m *MockNoSQLDB) Close() error {
-	if m.close != nil {
-		return m.close()
-	}
-	return m.err
-}
-
-func (m *MockNoSQLDB) CreateTable(bucket []byte) error {
-	if m.createTable != nil {
-		return m.createTable(bucket)
-	}
-	return m.err
-}
-
-func (m *MockNoSQLDB) DeleteTable(bucket []byte) error {
-	if m.deleteTable != nil {
-		return m.deleteTable(bucket)
-	}
-	return m.err
-}
-
-func (m *MockNoSQLDB) Del(bucket, key []byte) error {
-	if m.del != nil {
-		return m.del(bucket, key)
-	}
-	return m.err
-}
-
-func (m *MockNoSQLDB) List(bucket []byte) ([]*database.Entry, error) {
-	if m.list != nil {
-		return m.list(bucket)
-	}
-	return m.ret1.([]*database.Entry), m.err
-}
-
-func (m *MockNoSQLDB) Update(tx *database.Tx) error {
-	if m.update != nil {
-		return m.update(tx)
-	}
-	return m.err
-}
-
 func TestIsRevoked(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := map[string]struct {
 		key       string
@@ -111,16 +20,16 @@ func TestIsRevoked(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		"false/ErrNotFound": {
 			key: "sn",
-			db:  &DB{&MockNoSQLDB{err: database.ErrNotFound, ret1: nil}, true},
+			db:  &DB{&MockNoSQLDB{Err: database.ErrNotFound, Ret1: nil}, true},
 		},
 		"error/checking bucket": {
 			key: "sn",
-			db:  &DB{&MockNoSQLDB{err: errors.New("force"), ret1: nil}, true},
+			db:  &DB{&MockNoSQLDB{Err: errors.New("force"), Ret1: nil}, true},
 			err: errors.New("error checking revocation bucket: force"),
 		},
 		"true": {
 			key:       "sn",
-			db:        &DB{&MockNoSQLDB{ret1: []byte("value")}, true},
+			db:        &DB{&MockNoSQLDB{Ret1: []byte("value")}, true},
 			isRevoked: true,
 		},
 	}
@@ -148,41 +57,26 @@ func TestRevoke(t *testing.T) {
 		"error/force isRevoked": {
 			rci: &RevokedCertificateInfo{Serial: "sn"},
 			db: &DB{&MockNoSQLDB{
-				get: func(bucket []byte, sn []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+				MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, sn, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
-					return nil, errors.New("force IsRevoked")
+					return nil, false, errors.New("force")
 				},
 			}, true},
-			err: errors.New("error checking revocation bucket: force IsRevoked"),
+			err: errors.New("error AuthDB CmpAndSwap: force"),
 		},
 		"error/was already revoked": {
 			rci: &RevokedCertificateInfo{Serial: "sn"},
 			db: &DB{&MockNoSQLDB{
-				get: func(bucket []byte, sn []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+				MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, sn, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
-					return nil, nil
+					return []byte("foo"), false, nil
 				},
 			}, true},
 			err: ErrAlreadyExists,
 		},
-		"error/database set": {
-			rci: &RevokedCertificateInfo{Serial: "sn"},
-			db: &DB{&MockNoSQLDB{
-				get: func(bucket []byte, sn []byte) ([]byte, error) {
-					return nil, database.ErrNotFound
-				},
-				set: func(bucket []byte, key []byte, value []byte) error {
-					return errors.New("force")
-				},
-			}, true},
-			err: errors.New("database Set error: force"),
-		},
 		"ok": {
 			rci: &RevokedCertificateInfo{Serial: "sn"},
 			db: &DB{&MockNoSQLDB{
-				get: func(bucket []byte, sn []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+				MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, sn, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
-					return nil, database.ErrNotFound
+					return []byte("foo"), true, nil
-				},
-				set: func(bucket []byte, key []byte, value []byte) error {
-					return nil
 				},
 			}, true},
 		},
@@ -214,7 +108,7 @@ func TestUseToken(t *testing.T) {
 			id:  "id",
 			tok: "token",
 			db: &DB{&MockNoSQLDB{
-				cmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+				MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
 					return nil, false, errors.New("force")
 				},
 			}, true},
@@ -227,7 +121,7 @@ func TestUseToken(t *testing.T) {
 			id:  "id",
 			tok: "token",
 			db: &DB{&MockNoSQLDB{
-				cmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+				MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
 					return []byte("foo"), false, nil
 				},
 			}, true},
@@ -239,7 +133,7 @@ func TestUseToken(t *testing.T) {
 			id:  "id",
 			tok: "token",
 			db: &DB{&MockNoSQLDB{
-				cmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+				MCmpAndSwap: func(bucket, key, old, newval []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
 					return []byte("bar"), true, nil
 				},
 			}, true},

db/simple.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/smallstep/nosql/database"
 )
 
 // ErrNotImplemented is an error returned when an operation is Not Implemented.
@@ -61,3 +62,57 @@ func (s *SimpleDB) UseToken(id, tok string) (bool, error) {
 func (s *SimpleDB) Shutdown() error {
 	return nil
 }
+
+// nosql.DB interface implementation //
+
+// Open opens the database available with the given options.
+func (s *SimpleDB) Open(dataSourceName string, opt ...database.Option) error {
+	return ErrNotImplemented
+}
+
+// Close closes the current database.
+func (s *SimpleDB) Close() error {
+	return ErrNotImplemented
+}
+
+// Get returns the value stored in the given table/bucket and key.
+func (s *SimpleDB) Get(bucket, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	return nil, ErrNotImplemented
+}
+
+// Set sets the given value in the given table/bucket and key.
+func (s *SimpleDB) Set(bucket, key, value []byte) error {
+	return ErrNotImplemented
+}
+
+// CmpAndSwap swaps the value at the given bucket and key if the current
+// value is equivalent to the oldValue input. Returns 'true' if the
+// swap was successful and 'false' otherwise.
+func (s *SimpleDB) CmpAndSwap(bucket, key, oldValue, newValue []byte) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+	return nil, false, ErrNotImplemented
+}
+
+// Del deletes the data in the given table/bucket and key.
+func (s *SimpleDB) Del(bucket, key []byte) error {
+	return ErrNotImplemented
+}
+
+// List returns a list of all the entries in a given table/bucket.
+func (s *SimpleDB) List(bucket []byte) ([]*database.Entry, error) {
+	return nil, ErrNotImplemented
+}
+
+// Update performs a transaction with multiple read-write commands.
+func (s *SimpleDB) Update(tx *database.Tx) error {
+	return ErrNotImplemented
+}
+
+// CreateTable creates a table or a bucket in the database.
+func (s *SimpleDB) CreateTable(bucket []byte) error {
+	return ErrNotImplemented
+}
+
+// DeleteTable deletes a table or a bucket in the database.
+func (s *SimpleDB) DeleteTable(bucket []byte) error {
+	return ErrNotImplemented
+}

docs/acme.md

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+# Using ACME with `step-ca `
+
+Let’s assume you’ve [installed
+`step-ca`](https://smallstep.com/docs/getting-started/#1-installing-step-and-step-ca)
+(e.g., using `brew install step`), have it running at `https://ca.internal`,
+and you’ve [bootstrapped your ACME client
+system(s)](https://smallstep.com/docs/getting-started/#bootstrapping) (or at
+least [installed your root
+certificate](https://smallstep.com/docs/cli/ca/root/) at
+`~/.step/certs/root_ca.crt`).
+
+## Enabling ACME
+
+To enable ACME, simply [add an ACME provisioner](https://smallstep.com/docs/cli/ca/provisioner/add/) to your `step-ca` configuration
+by running:
+
+```
+$ step ca provisioner add my-acme-provisioner --type ACME
+```
+
+> NOTE: The above command will add a new provisioner of type `ACME` and name
+> `my-acme-provisioner`. The name is used to identify the provisioner
+> (e.g. you cannot have two `ACME` provisioners with the same name).
+
+Now restart or SIGHUP `step-ca` to pick up the new configuration.
+
+That’s it.
+
+## Configuring Clients
+
+To configure an ACME client to connect to `step-ca` you need to:
+
+1. Point the client at the right ACME directory URL
+2. Tell the client to trust your CA’s root certificate
+
+Once certificates are issued, you’ll also need to ensure they’re renewed before
+they expire.
+
+### Pointing Clients at the right ACME Directory URL
+
+Most ACME clients connect to Let’s Encrypt by default. To connect to `step-ca`
+you need to point the client at the right [ACME directory
+URL](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8555#section-7.1.1).
+
+A single instance of `step-ca` can have multiple ACME provisioners, each with
+their own ACME directory URL that looks like:
+
+```
+https://{ca-host}/acme/{provisioner-name}/directory
+```
+
+We just added an ACME provisioner named “acme”. Its ACME directory URL is:
+
+```
+https://ca.internal/acme/acme/directory
+```
+
+### Telling clients to trust your CA’s root certificate
+
+Communication between an ACME client and server [always uses
+HTTPS](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8555#section-6.1). By default, client’s
+will validate the server’s HTTPS certificate using the public root certificates
+in your system’s [default
+trust](https://smallstep.com/blog/everything-pki.html#trust-stores) store.
+That’s fine when you’re connecting to Let’s Encrypt: it’s a public CA and its
+root certificate is in your system’s default trust store already. Your internal
+root certificate isn’t, so HTTPS connections from ACME clients to `step-ca` will
+fail.
+
+There are two ways to address this problem:
+
+1. Explicitly configure your ACME client to trust `step-ca`'s root certificate, or
+2. Add `step-ca`'s root certificate to your system’s default trust store (e.g.,
+   using `[step certificate
+   install](https://smallstep.com/docs/cli/certificate/install/)`)
+
+If you’re using your CA for TLS in production, explicitly configuring your ACME
+client to only trust your root certificate is a better option. We’ll
+demonstrate this method with several clients below.
+
+If you’re simulating Let’s Encrypt in pre-production, installing your root
+certificate is a more faithful simulation of production. Once your root
+certificate is installed, no additional client configuration is necessary.
+
+> Caution: adding a root certificate to your system’s trust store is a global
+> operation. Certificates issued by your CA will be trusted everywhere,
+> including in web browsers.
+
+### Example using [`certbot`](https://certbot.eff.org/)
+
+[`certbot`](https://certbot.eff.org/) is the grandaddy of ACME clients. Built
+and supported by [the EFF](https://www.eff.org/), it’s the standard-bearer for
+production-grade command-line ACME.
+
+To get a certificate from `step-ca` using `certbot` you need to:
+
+1. Point `certbot` at your ACME directory URL using the `--`server flag.
+2. Tell `certbot` to trust your root certificate using the `REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE` environment variable.
+
+For example:
+
+```
+$ sudo REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE=$(step path)/certs/root_ca.crt \
+  certbot certonly -n --standalone -d foo.internal \
+    --server https://ca.internal/acme/acme/directory
+```
+
+`sudo` is required in `certbot`'s [*standalone*
+mode](https://certbot.eff.org/docs/using.html#standalone) so it can listen on
+port 80 to complete the `http-01` challenge. If you already have a webserver
+running you can use [*webroot*
+mode](https://certbot.eff.org/docs/using.html#webroot) instead. With the
+[appropriate plugin](https://certbot.eff.org/docs/using.html#dns-plugins)
+`certbot` also supports the `dns-01` challenge for most popular DNS providers.
+Deeper integrations with [nginx](https://certbot.eff.org/docs/using.html#nginx)
+and [apache](https://certbot.eff.org/docs/using.html#apache) can even configure
+your server to use HTTPS automatically (we'll set this up ourselves later). All
+of this works with `step-ca`.
+
+You can renew all of the certificates you've installed using `cerbot` by running:
+
+```
+$ sudo REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE=$(step path)/certs/root_ca.crt certbot renew
+```
+
+You can automate renewal with a simple `cron` entry:
+
+```
+*/15 * * * * root REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE=$(step path)/certs/root_ca.crt certbot -q renew
+```
+
+The `certbot` packages for some Linux distributions will create a `cron` entry
+or [systemd
+timer](https://stevenwestmoreland.com/2017/11/renewing-certbot-certificates-using-a-systemd-timer.html)
+like this for you. This entry won't work with `step-ca` because it [doesn't set
+the `REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE` environment
+variable](https://github.com/certbot/certbot/issues/7170). You'll need to
+manually tweak it to do so.
+
+More subtly, `certbot`'s default renewal job is tuned for Let's Encrypt's 90
+day certificate lifetimes: it's run every 12 hours, with actual renewals
+occurring for certificates within 30 days of expiry. By default, `step-ca`
+issues certificates with *much shorter* 24 hour lifetimes. The `cron` entry
+above accounts for this by running `certbot renew` every 15 minutes. You'll
+also want to configure your domain to only renew certificates when they're
+within a few hours of expiry by adding a line like:
+
+```
+renew_before_expiry = 8 hours
+```
+
+to the top of your renewal configuration (e.g., in `/etc/letsencrypt/renewal/foo.internal.conf`).
+
+## Feedback
+
+`step-ca` should work with any ACMEv2
+([RFC8555](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8555)) compliant client that supports
+the http-01 or dns-01 challenge. If you run into any issues please let us know
+[on gitter](https://gitter.im/smallstep/community) or [in an
+issue](https://github.com/smallstep/certificates/issues/new?template=bug_report.md).