Merge pull request #164 from smallstep/kms

Kms

authority/authority.go

@@ -12,10 +12,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/authority/provisioner"
 	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/db"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/kms"
+	kmsapi "github.com/smallstep/certificates/kms/apiv1"
 	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/sshutil"
 	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/templates"
 	"github.com/smallstep/cli/crypto/pemutil"
-	"github.com/smallstep/cli/crypto/x509util"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
 )
 
@@ -26,20 +27,29 @@ const (
 // Authority implements the Certificate Authority internal interface.
 type Authority struct {
 	config       *Config
+	keyManager   kms.KeyManager
+	provisioners *provisioner.Collection
+	db           db.AuthDB
+
+	// X509 CA
 	rootX509Certs      []*x509.Certificate
-	intermediateIdentity    *x509util.Identity
+	federatedX509Certs []*x509.Certificate
+	x509Signer         crypto.Signer
+	x509Issuer         *x509.Certificate
+	certificates       *sync.Map
+
+	// SSH CA
 	sshCAUserCertSignKey    ssh.Signer
 	sshCAHostCertSignKey    ssh.Signer
 	sshCAUserCerts          []ssh.PublicKey
 	sshCAHostCerts          []ssh.PublicKey
 	sshCAUserFederatedCerts []ssh.PublicKey
 	sshCAHostFederatedCerts []ssh.PublicKey
-	certificates            *sync.Map
+
-	startTime               time.Time
-	provisioners            *provisioner.Collection
-	db                      db.AuthDB
 	// Do not re-initialize
 	initOnce  bool
+	startTime time.Time
+
 	// Custom functions
 	sshBastionFunc   func(user, hostname string) (*Bastion, error)
 	sshCheckHostFunc func(ctx context.Context, principal string, tok string, roots []*x509.Certificate) (bool, error)
@@ -59,12 +69,19 @@ func New(config *Config, opts ...Option) (*Authority, error) {
 		certificates: new(sync.Map),
 		provisioners: provisioner.NewCollection(config.getAudiences()),
 	}
-	for _, opt := range opts {
+
-		opt(a)
+	// Apply options.
+	for _, fn := range opts {
+		if err := fn(a); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
 		}
+	}
+
+	// Initialize authority from options or configuration.
 	if err := a.init(); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+
 	return a, nil
 }
 
@@ -76,6 +93,19 @@ func (a *Authority) init() error {
 	}
 
 	var err error
+
+	// Initialize key manager if it has not been set in the options.
+	if a.keyManager == nil {
+		var options kmsapi.Options
+		if a.config.KMS != nil {
+			options = *a.config.KMS
+		}
+		a.keyManager, err = kms.New(context.Background(), options)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
 	// Initialize step-ca Database if it's not already initialized with WithDB.
 	// If a.config.DB is nil then a simple, barebones in memory DB will be used.
 	if a.db == nil {
@@ -84,50 +114,62 @@ func (a *Authority) init() error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Load the root certificates and add them to the certificate store
+	// Read root certificates and store them in the certificates map.
+	if len(a.rootX509Certs) == 0 {
 		a.rootX509Certs = make([]*x509.Certificate, len(a.config.Root))
 		for i, path := range a.config.Root {
 			crt, err := pemutil.ReadCertificate(path)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
-		// Add root certificate to the certificate map
-		sum := sha256.Sum256(crt.Raw)
-		a.certificates.Store(hex.EncodeToString(sum[:]), crt)
 			a.rootX509Certs[i] = crt
 		}
+	}
+	for _, crt := range a.rootX509Certs {
+		sum := sha256.Sum256(crt.Raw)
+		a.certificates.Store(hex.EncodeToString(sum[:]), crt)
+	}
 
-	// Add federated roots
+	// Read federated certificates and store them in the certificates map.
-	for _, path := range a.config.FederatedRoots {
+	if len(a.federatedX509Certs) == 0 {
+		a.federatedX509Certs = make([]*x509.Certificate, len(a.config.FederatedRoots))
+		for i, path := range a.config.FederatedRoots {
 			crt, err := pemutil.ReadCertificate(path)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
+			a.federatedX509Certs[i] = crt
+		}
+	}
+	for _, crt := range a.federatedX509Certs {
 		sum := sha256.Sum256(crt.Raw)
 		a.certificates.Store(hex.EncodeToString(sum[:]), crt)
 	}
 
-	// Decrypt and load intermediate public / private key pair.
+	// Read intermediate and create X509 signer.
-	if len(a.config.Password) > 0 {
+	if a.x509Signer == nil {
-		a.intermediateIdentity, err = x509util.LoadIdentityFromDisk(
+		crt, err := pemutil.ReadCertificate(a.config.IntermediateCert)
-			a.config.IntermediateCert,
-			a.config.IntermediateKey,
-			pemutil.WithPassword([]byte(a.config.Password)),
-		)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-	} else {
+		signer, err := a.keyManager.CreateSigner(&kmsapi.CreateSignerRequest{
-		a.intermediateIdentity, err = x509util.LoadIdentityFromDisk(a.config.IntermediateCert, a.config.IntermediateKey)
+			SigningKey: a.config.IntermediateKey,
+			Password:   []byte(a.config.Password),
+		})
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+		a.x509Signer = signer
+		a.x509Issuer = crt
 	}
 
 	// Decrypt and load SSH keys
 	if a.config.SSH != nil {
 		if a.config.SSH.HostKey != "" {
-			signer, err := parseCryptoSigner(a.config.SSH.HostKey, a.config.Password)
+			signer, err := a.keyManager.CreateSigner(&kmsapi.CreateSignerRequest{
+				SigningKey: a.config.SSH.HostKey,
+				Password:   []byte(a.config.Password),
+			})
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -140,7 +182,10 @@ func (a *Authority) init() error {
 			a.sshCAHostFederatedCerts = append(a.sshCAHostFederatedCerts, a.sshCAHostCertSignKey.PublicKey())
 		}
 		if a.config.SSH.UserKey != "" {
-			signer, err := parseCryptoSigner(a.config.SSH.UserKey, a.config.Password)
+			signer, err := a.keyManager.CreateSigner(&kmsapi.CreateSignerRequest{
+				SigningKey: a.config.SSH.UserKey,
+				Password:   []byte(a.config.Password),
+			})
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -245,19 +290,3 @@ func (a *Authority) GetDatabase() db.AuthDB {
 func (a *Authority) Shutdown() error {
 	return a.db.Shutdown()
 }
-
-func parseCryptoSigner(filename, password string) (crypto.Signer, error) {
-	var opts []pemutil.Options
-	if password != "" {
-		opts = append(opts, pemutil.WithPassword([]byte(password)))
-	}
-	key, err := pemutil.Read(filename, opts...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	signer, ok := key.(crypto.Signer)
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("key %s of type %T cannot be used for signing operations", filename, key)
-	}
-	return signer, nil
-}

authority/authority_test.go

@@ -137,7 +137,8 @@ func TestAuthorityNew(t *testing.T) {
 					assert.Equals(t, auth.rootX509Certs[0], root)
 
 					assert.True(t, auth.initOnce)
-					assert.NotNil(t, auth.intermediateIdentity)
+					assert.NotNil(t, auth.x509Signer)
+					assert.NotNil(t, auth.x509Issuer)
 					for _, p := range tc.config.AuthorityConfig.Provisioners {
 						var _p provisioner.Interface
 						_p, ok = auth.provisioners.Load(p.GetID())

authority/config.go

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/authority/provisioner"
 	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/db"
+	kms "github.com/smallstep/certificates/kms/apiv1"
 	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/templates"
 	"github.com/smallstep/cli/crypto/tlsutil"
 	"github.com/smallstep/cli/crypto/x509util"
@@ -54,6 +55,7 @@ type Config struct {
 	IntermediateKey  string               `json:"key"`
 	Address          string               `json:"address"`
 	DNSNames         []string             `json:"dnsNames"`
+	KMS              *kms.Options         `json:"kms,omitempty"`
 	SSH              *SSHConfig           `json:"ssh,omitempty"`
 	Logger           json.RawMessage      `json:"logger,omitempty"`
 	DB               *db.Config           `json:"db,omitempty"`
@@ -179,6 +181,11 @@ func (c *Config) Validate() error {
 		c.TLS.Renegotiation = c.TLS.Renegotiation || DefaultTLSOptions.Renegotiation
 	}
 
+	// Validate KMS options, nil is ok.
+	if err := c.KMS.Validate(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	// Validate ssh: nil is ok
 	if err := c.SSH.Validate(); err != nil {
 		return err

authority/options.go

@@ -2,45 +2,54 @@ package authority
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"crypto"
 	"crypto/x509"
+	"encoding/pem"
 
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/authority/provisioner"
 	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/db"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/kms"
 	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/sshutil"
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
 )
 
 // Option sets options to the Authority.
-type Option func(*Authority)
+type Option func(*Authority) error
 
 // WithDatabase sets an already initialized authority database to a new
 // authority. This option is intended to be use on graceful reloads.
 func WithDatabase(db db.AuthDB) Option {
-	return func(a *Authority) {
+	return func(a *Authority) error {
 		a.db = db
+		return nil
 	}
 }
 
 // WithGetIdentityFunc sets a custom function to retrieve the identity from
 // an external resource.
 func WithGetIdentityFunc(fn func(p provisioner.Interface, email string) (*provisioner.Identity, error)) Option {
-	return func(a *Authority) {
+	return func(a *Authority) error {
 		a.getIdentityFunc = fn
+		return nil
 	}
 }
 
 // WithSSHBastionFunc sets a custom function to get the bastion for a
 // given user-host pair.
 func WithSSHBastionFunc(fn func(user, host string) (*Bastion, error)) Option {
-	return func(a *Authority) {
+	return func(a *Authority) error {
 		a.sshBastionFunc = fn
+		return nil
 	}
 }
 
 // WithSSHGetHosts sets a custom function to get the bastion for a
 // given user-host pair.
 func WithSSHGetHosts(fn func(cert *x509.Certificate) ([]sshutil.Host, error)) Option {
-	return func(a *Authority) {
+	return func(a *Authority) error {
 		a.sshGetHostsFunc = fn
+		return nil
 	}
 }
 
@@ -48,7 +57,127 @@ func WithSSHGetHosts(fn func(cert *x509.Certificate) ([]sshutil.Host, error)) Op
 // step ssh enabled. The token is used to validate the request, while the roots
 // are used to validate the token.
 func WithSSHCheckHost(fn func(ctx context.Context, principal string, tok string, roots []*x509.Certificate) (bool, error)) Option {
-	return func(a *Authority) {
+	return func(a *Authority) error {
 		a.sshCheckHostFunc = fn
+		return nil
 	}
 }
+
+// WithKeyManager defines the key manager used to get and create keys, and sign
+// certificates.
+func WithKeyManager(k kms.KeyManager) Option {
+	return func(a *Authority) error {
+		a.keyManager = k
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// WithX509Signer defines the signer used to sign X509 certificates.
+func WithX509Signer(crt *x509.Certificate, s crypto.Signer) Option {
+	return func(a *Authority) error {
+		a.x509Issuer = crt
+		a.x509Signer = s
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// WithSSHUserSigner defines the signer used to sign SSH user certificates.
+func WithSSHUserSigner(s crypto.Signer) Option {
+	return func(a *Authority) error {
+		signer, err := ssh.NewSignerFromSigner(s)
+		if err != nil {
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "error creating ssh user signer")
+		}
+		a.sshCAUserCertSignKey = signer
+		// Append public key to list of user certs
+		pub := signer.PublicKey()
+		a.sshCAUserCerts = append(a.sshCAUserCerts, pub)
+		a.sshCAUserFederatedCerts = append(a.sshCAUserFederatedCerts, pub)
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// WithSSHHostSigner defines the signer used to sign SSH host certificates.
+func WithSSHHostSigner(s crypto.Signer) Option {
+	return func(a *Authority) error {
+		signer, err := ssh.NewSignerFromSigner(s)
+		if err != nil {
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "error creating ssh host signer")
+		}
+		a.sshCAHostCertSignKey = signer
+		// Append public key to list of host certs
+		pub := signer.PublicKey()
+		a.sshCAHostCerts = append(a.sshCAHostCerts, pub)
+		a.sshCAHostFederatedCerts = append(a.sshCAHostFederatedCerts, pub)
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// WithX509RootCerts is an option that allows to define the list of root
+// certificates to use. This option will replace any root certificate defined
+// before.
+func WithX509RootCerts(rootCerts ...*x509.Certificate) Option {
+	return func(a *Authority) error {
+		a.rootX509Certs = rootCerts
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// WithX509FederatedCerts is an option that allows to define the list of
+// federated certificates. This option will replace any federated certificate
+// defined before.
+func WithX509FederatedCerts(certs ...*x509.Certificate) Option {
+	return func(a *Authority) error {
+		a.federatedX509Certs = certs
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// WithX509RootBundle is an option that allows to define the list of root
+// certificates. This option will replace any root certificate defined before.
+func WithX509RootBundle(pemCerts []byte) Option {
+	return func(a *Authority) error {
+		certs, err := readCertificateBundle(pemCerts)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		a.rootX509Certs = certs
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// WithX509FederatedBundle is an option that allows to define the list of
+// federated certificates. This option will replace any federated certificate
+// defined before.
+func WithX509FederatedBundle(pemCerts []byte) Option {
+	return func(a *Authority) error {
+		certs, err := readCertificateBundle(pemCerts)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		a.federatedX509Certs = certs
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func readCertificateBundle(pemCerts []byte) ([]*x509.Certificate, error) {
+	var block *pem.Block
+	var certs []*x509.Certificate
+	for len(pemCerts) > 0 {
+		block, pemCerts = pem.Decode(pemCerts)
+		if block == nil {
+			break
+		}
+		if block.Type != "CERTIFICATE" || len(block.Headers) != 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		cert, err := x509.ParseCertificate(block.Bytes)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		certs = append(certs, cert)
+	}
+	return certs, nil
+}

authority/tls.go

@@ -64,7 +64,6 @@ func (a *Authority) Sign(csr *x509.CertificateRequest, signOpts provisioner.Opti
 		opts           = []interface{}{errs.WithKeyVal("csr", csr), errs.WithKeyVal("signOptions", signOpts)}
 		mods           = []x509util.WithOption{withDefaultASN1DN(a.config.AuthorityConfig.Template)}
 		certValidators = []provisioner.CertificateValidator{}
-		issIdentity    = a.intermediateIdentity
 	)
 
 	// Set backdate with the configured value
@@ -89,7 +88,7 @@ func (a *Authority) Sign(csr *x509.CertificateRequest, signOpts provisioner.Opti
 		return nil, errs.Wrap(http.StatusBadRequest, err, "authority.Sign; invalid certificate request", opts...)
 	}
 
-	leaf, err := x509util.NewLeafProfileWithCSR(csr, issIdentity.Crt, issIdentity.Key, mods...)
+	leaf, err := x509util.NewLeafProfileWithCSR(csr, a.x509Issuer, a.x509Signer, mods...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errs.Wrap(http.StatusInternalServerError, err, "authority.Sign", opts...)
 	}
@@ -112,12 +111,6 @@ func (a *Authority) Sign(csr *x509.CertificateRequest, signOpts provisioner.Opti
 			"authority.Sign; error parsing new leaf certificate", opts...)
 	}
 
-	caCert, err := x509.ParseCertificate(issIdentity.Crt.Raw)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errs.Wrap(http.StatusInternalServerError, err,
-			"authority.Sign; error parsing intermediate certificate", opts...)
-	}
-
 	if err = a.db.StoreCertificate(serverCert); err != nil {
 		if err != db.ErrNotImplemented {
 			return nil, errs.Wrap(http.StatusInternalServerError, err,
@@ -125,7 +118,7 @@ func (a *Authority) Sign(csr *x509.CertificateRequest, signOpts provisioner.Opti
 		}
 	}
 
-	return []*x509.Certificate{serverCert, caCert}, nil
+	return []*x509.Certificate{serverCert, a.x509Issuer}, nil
 }
 
 // Renew creates a new Certificate identical to the old certificate, except
@@ -138,9 +131,6 @@ func (a *Authority) Renew(oldCert *x509.Certificate) ([]*x509.Certificate, error
 		return nil, errs.Wrap(http.StatusInternalServerError, err, "authority.Renew", opts...)
 	}
 
-	// Issuer
-	issIdentity := a.intermediateIdentity
-
 	// Durations
 	backdate := a.config.AuthorityConfig.Backdate.Duration
 	duration := oldCert.NotAfter.Sub(oldCert.NotBefore)
@@ -148,7 +138,7 @@ func (a *Authority) Renew(oldCert *x509.Certificate) ([]*x509.Certificate, error
 
 	newCert := &x509.Certificate{
 		PublicKey:                   oldCert.PublicKey,
-		Issuer:                      issIdentity.Crt.Subject,
+		Issuer:                      a.x509Issuer.Subject,
 		Subject:                     oldCert.Subject,
 		NotBefore:                   now.Add(-1 * backdate),
 		NotAfter:                    now.Add(duration - backdate),
@@ -188,8 +178,7 @@ func (a *Authority) Renew(oldCert *x509.Certificate) ([]*x509.Certificate, error
 		}
 	}
 
-	leaf, err := x509util.NewLeafProfileWithTemplate(newCert,
+	leaf, err := x509util.NewLeafProfileWithTemplate(newCert, a.x509Issuer, a.x509Signer)
-		issIdentity.Crt, issIdentity.Key)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errs.Wrap(http.StatusInternalServerError, err, "authority.Renew", opts...)
 	}
@@ -204,11 +193,6 @@ func (a *Authority) Renew(oldCert *x509.Certificate) ([]*x509.Certificate, error
 		return nil, errs.Wrap(http.StatusInternalServerError, err,
 			"authority.Renew; error parsing new server certificate", opts...)
 	}
-	caCert, err := x509.ParseCertificate(issIdentity.Crt.Raw)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errs.Wrap(http.StatusInternalServerError, err,
-			"authority.Renew; error parsing intermediate certificate", opts...)
-	}
 
 	if err = a.db.StoreCertificate(serverCert); err != nil {
 		if err != db.ErrNotImplemented {
@@ -216,7 +200,7 @@ func (a *Authority) Renew(oldCert *x509.Certificate) ([]*x509.Certificate, error
 		}
 	}
 
-	return []*x509.Certificate{serverCert, caCert}, nil
+	return []*x509.Certificate{serverCert, a.x509Issuer}, nil
 }
 
 // RevokeOptions are the options for the Revoke API.
@@ -320,8 +304,7 @@ func (a *Authority) Revoke(ctx context.Context, revokeOpts *RevokeOptions) error
 
 // GetTLSCertificate creates a new leaf certificate to be used by the CA HTTPS server.
 func (a *Authority) GetTLSCertificate() (*tls.Certificate, error) {
-	profile, err := x509util.NewLeafProfile("Step Online CA",
+	profile, err := x509util.NewLeafProfile("Step Online CA", a.x509Issuer, a.x509Signer,
-		a.intermediateIdentity.Crt, a.intermediateIdentity.Key,
 		x509util.WithHosts(strings.Join(a.config.DNSNames, ",")))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errs.Wrap(http.StatusInternalServerError, err, "authority.GetTLSCertificate")
@@ -344,7 +327,7 @@ func (a *Authority) GetTLSCertificate() (*tls.Certificate, error) {
 
 	// Load the x509 key pair (combining server and intermediate blocks)
 	// to a tls.Certificate.
-	intermediatePEM, err := pemutil.Serialize(a.intermediateIdentity.Crt)
+	intermediatePEM, err := pemutil.Serialize(a.x509Issuer)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errs.Wrap(http.StatusInternalServerError, err, "authority.GetTLSCertificate")
 	}

authority/tls_test.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package authority
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"crypto"
 	"crypto/rand"
 	"crypto/sha1"
 	"crypto/x509"
@@ -156,7 +157,7 @@ func TestAuthority_Sign(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		"fail create cert": func(t *testing.T) *signTest {
 			_a := testAuthority(t)
-			_a.intermediateIdentity.Key = nil
+			_a.x509Signer = nil
 			csr := getCSR(t, priv)
 			return &signTest{
 				auth:      _a,
@@ -303,7 +304,7 @@ ZYtQ9Ot36qc=
 					hash := sha1.Sum(pubBytes)
 					assert.Equals(t, leaf.SubjectKeyId, hash[:])
 
-					assert.Equals(t, leaf.AuthorityKeyId, a.intermediateIdentity.Crt.SubjectKeyId)
+					assert.Equals(t, leaf.AuthorityKeyId, a.x509Issuer.SubjectKeyId)
 
 					// Verify Provisioner OID
 					found := 0
@@ -322,7 +323,7 @@ ZYtQ9Ot36qc=
 					}
 					assert.Equals(t, found, 1)
 
-					realIntermediate, err := x509.ParseCertificate(a.intermediateIdentity.Crt.Raw)
+					realIntermediate, err := x509.ParseCertificate(a.x509Issuer.Raw)
 					assert.FatalError(t, err)
 					assert.Equals(t, intermediate, realIntermediate)
 				}
@@ -353,8 +354,7 @@ func TestAuthority_Renew(t *testing.T) {
 		NotAfter:  provisioner.NewTimeDuration(na1),
 	}
 
-	leaf, err := x509util.NewLeafProfile("renew", a.intermediateIdentity.Crt,
+	leaf, err := x509util.NewLeafProfile("renew", a.x509Issuer, a.x509Signer,
-		a.intermediateIdentity.Key,
 		x509util.WithNotBeforeAfterDuration(so.NotBefore.Time(), so.NotAfter.Time(), 0),
 		withDefaultASN1DN(a.config.AuthorityConfig.Template),
 		x509util.WithPublicKey(pub), x509util.WithHosts("test.smallstep.com,test"),
@@ -365,8 +365,7 @@ func TestAuthority_Renew(t *testing.T) {
 	cert, err := x509.ParseCertificate(certBytes)
 	assert.FatalError(t, err)
 
-	leafNoRenew, err := x509util.NewLeafProfile("norenew", a.intermediateIdentity.Crt,
+	leafNoRenew, err := x509util.NewLeafProfile("norenew", a.x509Issuer, a.x509Signer,
-		a.intermediateIdentity.Key,
 		x509util.WithNotBeforeAfterDuration(so.NotBefore.Time(), so.NotAfter.Time(), 0),
 		withDefaultASN1DN(a.config.AuthorityConfig.Template),
 		x509util.WithPublicKey(pub), x509util.WithHosts("test.smallstep.com,test"),
@@ -387,7 +386,7 @@ func TestAuthority_Renew(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := map[string]func() (*renewTest, error){
 		"fail-create-cert": func() (*renewTest, error) {
 			_a := testAuthority(t)
-			_a.intermediateIdentity.Key = nil
+			_a.x509Signer = nil
 			return &renewTest{
 				auth: _a,
 				cert: cert,
@@ -425,8 +424,8 @@ func TestAuthority_Renew(t *testing.T) {
 			assert.FatalError(t, err)
 
 			_a := testAuthority(t)
-			_a.intermediateIdentity.Key = newIntermediateProfile.SubjectPrivateKey()
+			_a.x509Signer = newIntermediateProfile.SubjectPrivateKey().(crypto.Signer)
-			_a.intermediateIdentity.Crt = newIntermediateCert
+			_a.x509Issuer = newIntermediateCert
 			return &renewTest{
 				auth: _a,
 				cert: cert,
@@ -494,8 +493,8 @@ func TestAuthority_Renew(t *testing.T) {
 					assert.Equals(t, leaf.SubjectKeyId, hash[:])
 
 					// We did not change the intermediate before renewing.
-					if a.intermediateIdentity.Crt.SerialNumber == tc.auth.intermediateIdentity.Crt.SerialNumber {
+					if a.x509Issuer.SerialNumber == tc.auth.x509Issuer.SerialNumber {
-						assert.Equals(t, leaf.AuthorityKeyId, a.intermediateIdentity.Crt.SubjectKeyId)
+						assert.Equals(t, leaf.AuthorityKeyId, a.x509Issuer.SubjectKeyId)
 						// Compare extensions: they can be in a different order
 						for _, ext1 := range tc.cert.Extensions {
 							found := false
@@ -511,7 +510,7 @@ func TestAuthority_Renew(t *testing.T) {
 						}
 					} else {
 						// We did change the intermediate before renewing.
-						assert.Equals(t, leaf.AuthorityKeyId, tc.auth.intermediateIdentity.Crt.SubjectKeyId)
+						assert.Equals(t, leaf.AuthorityKeyId, tc.auth.x509Issuer.SubjectKeyId)
 						// Compare extensions: they can be in a different order
 						for _, ext1 := range tc.cert.Extensions {
 							// The authority key id extension should be different b/c the intermediates are different.
@@ -535,7 +534,7 @@ func TestAuthority_Renew(t *testing.T) {
 						}
 					}
 
-					realIntermediate, err := x509.ParseCertificate(tc.auth.intermediateIdentity.Crt.Raw)
+					realIntermediate, err := x509.ParseCertificate(tc.auth.x509Issuer.Raw)
 					assert.FatalError(t, err)
 					assert.Equals(t, intermediate, realIntermediate)
 				}

go.mod

@@ -3,8 +3,11 @@ module github.com/smallstep/certificates
 go 1.13
 
 require (
+	cloud.google.com/go v0.51.0
 	github.com/Masterminds/sprig/v3 v3.0.0
 	github.com/go-chi/chi v4.0.2+incompatible
+	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2 v2.0.5
 	github.com/newrelic/go-agent v2.15.0+incompatible
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.8.1
 	github.com/rs/xid v1.2.1
@@ -15,6 +18,9 @@ require (
 	github.com/urfave/cli v1.22.2
 	golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20191227163750-53104e6ec876
 	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20191209160850-c0dbc17a3553
+	google.golang.org/api v0.15.0
+	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20191230161307-f3c370f40bfb
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.26.0
 	gopkg.in/square/go-jose.v2 v2.4.0
 )
 

go.sum

@@ -1,12 +1,24 @@
 cloud.google.com/go v0.26.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
 cloud.google.com/go v0.34.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
 cloud.google.com/go v0.38.0/go.mod h1:990N+gfupTy94rShfmMCWGDn0LpTmnzTp2qbd1dvSRU=
+cloud.google.com/go v0.44.1/go.mod h1:iSa0KzasP4Uvy3f1mN/7PiObzGgflwredwwASm/v6AU=
+cloud.google.com/go v0.44.2/go.mod h1:60680Gw3Yr4ikxnPRS/oxxkBccT6SA1yMk63TGekxKY=
+cloud.google.com/go v0.45.1/go.mod h1:RpBamKRgapWJb87xiFSdk4g1CME7QZg3uwTez+TSTjc=
+cloud.google.com/go v0.46.3/go.mod h1:a6bKKbmY7er1mI7TEI4lsAkts/mkhTSZK8w33B4RAg0=
+cloud.google.com/go v0.51.0 h1:PvKAVQWCtlGUSlZkGW3QLelKaWq7KYv/MW1EboG8bfM=
+cloud.google.com/go v0.51.0/go.mod h1:hWtGJ6gnXH+KgDv+V0zFGDvpi07n3z8ZNj3T1RW0Gcw=
+cloud.google.com/go/bigquery v1.0.1/go.mod h1:i/xbL2UlR5RvWAURpBYZTtm/cXjCha9lbfbpx4poX+o=
+cloud.google.com/go/datastore v1.0.0/go.mod h1:LXYbyblFSglQ5pkeyhO+Qmw7ukd3C+pD7TKLgZqpHYE=
+cloud.google.com/go/pubsub v1.0.1/go.mod h1:R0Gpsv3s54REJCy4fxDixWD93lHJMoZTyQ2kNxGRt3I=
+cloud.google.com/go/storage v1.0.0/go.mod h1:IhtSnM/ZTZV8YYJWCY8RULGVqBDmpoyjwiyrjsg+URw=
 contrib.go.opencensus.io/exporter/stackdriver v0.12.1/go.mod h1:iwB6wGarfphGGe/e5CWqyUk/cLzKnWsOKPVW3no6OTw=
 contrib.go.opencensus.io/resource v0.1.1/go.mod h1:F361eGI91LCmW1I/Saf+rX0+OFcigGlFvXwEGEnkRLA=
+dmitri.shuralyov.com/gpu/mtl v0.0.0-20190408044501-666a987793e9/go.mod h1:H6x//7gZCb22OMCxBHrMx7a5I7Hp++hsVxbQ4BYO7hU=
 github.com/AndreasBriese/bbloom v0.0.0-20190306092124-e2d15f34fcf9 h1:HD8gA2tkByhMAwYaFAX9w2l7vxvBQ5NMoxDrkhqhtn4=
 github.com/AndreasBriese/bbloom v0.0.0-20190306092124-e2d15f34fcf9/go.mod h1:bOvUY6CB00SOBii9/FifXqc0awNKxLFCL/+pkDPuyl8=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1 h1:WXkYYl6Yr3qBf1K79EBnL4mak0OimBfB0XUf9Vl28OQ=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
+github.com/BurntSushi/xgb v0.0.0-20160522181843-27f122750802/go.mod h1:IVnqGOEym/WlBOVXweHU+Q+/VP0lqqI8lqeDx9IjBqo=
 github.com/Masterminds/glide v0.13.2/go.mod h1:STyF5vcenH/rUqTEv+/hBXlSTo7KYwg2oc2f4tzPWic=
 github.com/Masterminds/goutils v1.1.0 h1:zukEsf/1JZwCMgHiK3GZftabmxiCw4apj3a28RPBiVg=
 github.com/Masterminds/goutils v1.1.0/go.mod h1:8cTjp+g8YejhMuvIA5y2vz3BpJxksy863GQaJW2MFNU=
@@ -97,6 +109,7 @@ github.com/go-chi/chi v4.0.2+incompatible/go.mod h1:eB3wogJHnLi3x/kFX2A+IbTBlXxm
 github.com/go-critic/go-critic v0.3.5-0.20190526074819-1df300866540/go.mod h1:+sE8vrLDS2M0pZkBk0wy6+nLdKexVDrl/jBqQOTDThA=
 github.com/go-critic/go-critic v0.4.0 h1:sXD3pix0wDemuPuSlrXpJNNYXlUiKiysLrtPVQmxkzI=
 github.com/go-critic/go-critic v0.4.0/go.mod h1:7/14rZGnZbY6E38VEGk2kVhoq6itzc1E68facVDK23g=
+github.com/go-gl/glfw/v3.3/glfw v0.0.0-20191125211704-12ad95a8df72/go.mod h1:tQ2UAYgL5IevRw8kRxooKSPJfGvJ9fJQFa0TUsXzTg8=
 github.com/go-kit/kit v0.8.0/go.mod h1:xBxKIO96dXMWWy0MnWVtmwkA9/13aqxPnvrjFYMA2as=
 github.com/go-kit/kit v0.9.0/go.mod h1:xBxKIO96dXMWWy0MnWVtmwkA9/13aqxPnvrjFYMA2as=
 github.com/go-lintpack/lintpack v0.5.2 h1:DI5mA3+eKdWeJ40nU4d6Wc26qmdG8RCi/btYq0TuRN0=
@@ -135,8 +148,11 @@ github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.1.1/go.mod h1:r8qH/GZQm5c6nD/R0oafs1akxWv10x8SbQlK7a
 github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.2.1/go.mod h1:hp+jE20tsWTFYpLwKvXlhS1hjn+gTNwPg2I6zVXpSg4=
 github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.1 h1:DqDEcV5aeaTmdFBePNpYsp3FlcVH/2ISVVM9Qf8PSls=
 github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.1/go.mod h1:SlYgWuQ5SjCEi6WLHjHCa1yvBfUnHcTbrrZtXPKa29o=
+github.com/golang/glog v0.0.0-20160126235308-23def4e6c14b h1:VKtxabqXZkF25pY9ekfRL6a582T4P37/31XEstQ5p58=
 github.com/golang/glog v0.0.0-20160126235308-23def4e6c14b/go.mod h1:SBH7ygxi8pfUlaOkMMuAQtPIUF8ecWP5IEl/CR7VP2Q=
 github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20190129154638-5b532d6fd5ef/go.mod h1:cIg4eruTrX1D+g88fzRXU5OdNfaM+9IcxsU14FzY7Hc=
+github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20190702054246-869f871628b6/go.mod h1:cIg4eruTrX1D+g88fzRXU5OdNfaM+9IcxsU14FzY7Hc=
+github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20191227052852-215e87163ea7 h1:5ZkaAPbicIKTF2I64qf5Fh8Aa83Q/dnOafMYV0OMwjA=
 github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20191227052852-215e87163ea7/go.mod h1:cIg4eruTrX1D+g88fzRXU5OdNfaM+9IcxsU14FzY7Hc=
 github.com/golang/mock v1.0.0/go.mod h1:oTYuIxOrZwtPieC+H1uAHpcLFnEyAGVDL/k47Jfbm0A=
 github.com/golang/mock v1.1.1/go.mod h1:oTYuIxOrZwtPieC+H1uAHpcLFnEyAGVDL/k47Jfbm0A=
@@ -192,11 +208,15 @@ github.com/google/certificate-transparency-go v1.1.0/go.mod h1:i+Q7XY+ArBveOUT36
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.2.0/go.mod h1:oXzfMopK8JAjlY9xF4vHSVASa0yLyX7SntLO5aqRK0M=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.3.0/go.mod h1:8QqcDgzrUqlUb/G2PQTWiueGozuR1884gddMywk6iLU=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.3.1/go.mod h1:8QqcDgzrUqlUb/G2PQTWiueGozuR1884gddMywk6iLU=
+github.com/google/go-cmp v0.4.0 h1:xsAVV57WRhGj6kEIi8ReJzQlHHqcBYCElAvkovg3B/4=
+github.com/google/go-cmp v0.4.0/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
 github.com/google/gofuzz v1.0.0/go.mod h1:dBl0BpW6vV/+mYPU4Po3pmUjxk6FQPldtuIdl/M65Eg=
 github.com/google/martian v2.1.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:9I4somxYTbIHy5NJKHRl3wXiIaQGbYVAs8BPL6v8lEs=
 github.com/google/monologue v0.0.0-20190606152607-4b11a32b5934/go.mod h1:6NTfaQoUpg5QmPsCUWLR3ig33FHrKXhTtWzF0DVdmuk=
 github.com/google/monologue v0.0.0-20191220140058-35abc9683a6c/go.mod h1:6NTfaQoUpg5QmPsCUWLR3ig33FHrKXhTtWzF0DVdmuk=
 github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20181206194817-3ea8567a2e57/go.mod h1:zfwlbNMJ+OItoe0UupaVj+oy1omPYYDuagoSzA8v9mc=
+github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20190515194954-54271f7e092f/go.mod h1:zfwlbNMJ+OItoe0UupaVj+oy1omPYYDuagoSzA8v9mc=
+github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20191218002539-d4f498aebedc/go.mod h1:ZgVRPoUq/hfqzAqh7sHMqb3I9Rq5C59dIz2SbBwJ4eM=
 github.com/google/renameio v0.1.0/go.mod h1:KWCgfxg9yswjAJkECMjeO8J8rahYeXnNhOm40UhjYkI=
 github.com/google/trillian v1.2.2-0.20190612132142-05461f4df60a/go.mod h1:YPmUVn5NGwgnDUgqlVyFGMTgaWlnSvH7W5p+NdOG8UA=
 github.com/google/trillian-examples v0.0.0-20190603134952-4e75ba15216c/go.mod h1:WgL3XZ3pA8/9cm7yxqWrZE6iZkESB2ItGxy5Fo6k2lk=
@@ -204,6 +224,8 @@ github.com/google/uuid v1.0.0/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+
 github.com/google/uuid v1.1.1 h1:Gkbcsh/GbpXz7lPftLA3P6TYMwjCLYm83jiFQZF/3gY=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.1.1/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
 github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2 v2.0.4/go.mod h1:0Wqv26UfaUD9n4G6kQubkQ+KchISgw+vpHVxEJEs9eg=
+github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2 v2.0.5 h1:sjZBwGj9Jlw33ImPtvFviGYvseOtDM7hkSKB7+Tv3SM=
+github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2 v2.0.5/go.mod h1:DWXyrwAJ9X0FpwwEdw+IPEYBICEFu5mhpdKc/us6bOk=
 github.com/gopherjs/gopherjs v0.0.0-20181017120253-0766667cb4d1/go.mod h1:wJfORRmW1u3UXTncJ5qlYoELFm8eSnnEO6hX4iZ3EWY=
 github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.4.0/go.mod h1:E7qHFY5m1UJ88s3WnNqhKjPHQ0heANvMoAMk2YaljkQ=
 github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.4.1/go.mod h1:YR8l580nyteQvAITg2hZ9XVh4b55+EU/adAjf1fMHhE=
@@ -223,6 +245,7 @@ github.com/hashicorp/hcl v1.0.0/go.mod h1:E5yfLk+7swimpb2L/Alb/PJmXilQ/rhwaUYs4T
 github.com/hpcloud/tail v1.0.0/go.mod h1:ab1qPbhIpdTxEkNHXyeSf5vhxWSCs/tWer42PpOxQnU=
 github.com/huandu/xstrings v1.2.0 h1:yPeWdRnmynF7p+lLYz0H2tthW9lqhMJrQV/U7yy4wX0=
 github.com/huandu/xstrings v1.2.0/go.mod h1:DvyZB1rfVYsBIigL8HwpZgxHwXozlTgGqn63UyNX5k4=
+github.com/ianlancetaylor/demangle v0.0.0-20181102032728-5e5cf60278f6/go.mod h1:aSSvb/t6k1mPoxDqO4vJh6VOCGPwU4O0C2/Eqndh1Sc=
 github.com/icrowley/fake v0.0.0-20180203215853-4178557ae428/go.mod h1:uhpZMVGznybq1itEKXj6RYw9I71qK4kH+OGMjRC4KEo=
 github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.7 h1:Y+UAYTZ7gDEuOfhxKWy+dvb5dRQ6rJjFSdX2HZY1/gI=
 github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.7/go.mod h1:2EnlNZ0deacrJVfApfmtdGgDfMuh/nq6Ok1EcJh5FfA=
@@ -237,6 +260,7 @@ github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.6/go.mod h1:+SdeFBvtyEkXs7REEP0seUULqWtbJapLOCV
 github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.8/go.mod h1:KdQUCv79m/52Kvf8AW2vK1V8akMuk1QjK/uOdHXbAo4=
 github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.9/go.mod h1:KdQUCv79m/52Kvf8AW2vK1V8akMuk1QjK/uOdHXbAo4=
 github.com/jstemmer/go-junit-report v0.0.0-20190106144839-af01ea7f8024/go.mod h1:6v2b51hI/fHJwM22ozAgKL4VKDeJcHhJFhtBdhmNjmU=
+github.com/jstemmer/go-junit-report v0.9.1/go.mod h1:Brl9GWCQeLvo8nXZwPNNblvFj/XSXhF0NWZEnDohbsk=
 github.com/jtolds/gls v4.20.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:QJZ7F/aHp+rZTRtaJ1ow/lLfFfVYBRgL+9YlvaHOwJU=
 github.com/juju/ansiterm v0.0.0-20180109212912-720a0952cc2a h1:FaWFmfWdAUKbSCtOU2QjDaorUexogfaMgbipgYATUMU=
 github.com/juju/ansiterm v0.0.0-20180109212912-720a0952cc2a/go.mod h1:UJSiEoRfvx3hP73CvoARgeLjaIOjybY9vj8PUPPFGeU=
@@ -266,6 +290,7 @@ github.com/kr/pty v1.1.8/go.mod h1:O1sed60cT9XZ5uDucP5qwvh+TE3NnUj51EiZO/lmSfw=
 github.com/kr/text v0.1.0 h1:45sCR5RtlFHMR4UwH9sdQ5TC8v0qDQCHnXt+kaKSTVE=
 github.com/kr/text v0.1.0/go.mod h1:4Jbv+DJW3UT/LiOwJeYQe1efqtUx/iVham/4vfdArNI=
 github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0/go.mod h1:9/0rRGxNHcop5bhtWyNeEfOS8JIWk580+fNqagV/RAw=
+github.com/letsencrypt/pkcs11key v2.0.1-0.20170608213348-396559074696+incompatible h1:GfzE+uq7odDW7nOmp1QWuilLEK7kJf8i84XcIfk3mKA=
 github.com/letsencrypt/pkcs11key v2.0.1-0.20170608213348-396559074696+incompatible/go.mod h1:iGYXKqDXt0cpBthCHdr9ZdsQwyGlYFh/+8xa4WzIQ34=
 github.com/lib/pq v1.1.1/go.mod h1:5WUZQaWbwv1U+lTReE5YruASi9Al49XbQIvNi/34Woo=
 github.com/lib/pq v1.2.0/go.mod h1:5WUZQaWbwv1U+lTReE5YruASi9Al49XbQIvNi/34Woo=
@@ -299,6 +324,7 @@ github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.7/go.mod h1:H031xJmbD/WCDINGzjvQ9THkh0rPKHF+m
 github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.10.0/go.mod h1:FPy6KqzDD04eiIsT53CuJW3U88zkxoIYsOqkbpncsNc=
 github.com/mattn/goveralls v0.0.2/go.mod h1:8d1ZMHsd7fW6IRPKQh46F2WRpyib5/X4FOpevwGNQEw=
 github.com/matttproud/golang_protobuf_extensions v1.0.1/go.mod h1:D8He9yQNgCq6Z5Ld7szi9bcBfOoFv/3dc6xSMkL2PC0=
+github.com/miekg/pkcs11 v1.0.2 h1:CIBkOawOtzJNE0B+EpRiUBzuVW7JEQAwdwhSS6YhIeg=
 github.com/miekg/pkcs11 v1.0.2/go.mod h1:XsNlhZGX73bx86s2hdc/FuaLm2CPZJemRLMA+WTFxgs=
 github.com/mitchellh/copystructure v1.0.0 h1:Laisrj+bAB6b/yJwB5Bt3ITZhGJdqmxquMKeZ+mmkFQ=
 github.com/mitchellh/copystructure v1.0.0/go.mod h1:SNtv71yrdKgLRyLFxmLdkAbkKEFWgYaq1OVrnRcwhnw=
@@ -538,6 +564,8 @@ go.etcd.io/etcd v3.3.13+incompatible/go.mod h1:yaeTdrJi5lOmYerz05bd8+V7KubZs8YSF
 go.etcd.io/etcd v3.3.18+incompatible/go.mod h1:yaeTdrJi5lOmYerz05bd8+V7KubZs8YSFZfzsF9A6aI=
 go.opencensus.io v0.21.0/go.mod h1:mSImk1erAIZhrmZN+AvHh14ztQfjbGwt4TtuofqLduU=
 go.opencensus.io v0.22.0/go.mod h1:+kGneAE2xo2IficOXnaByMWTGM9T73dGwxeWcUqIpI8=
+go.opencensus.io v0.22.2 h1:75k/FF0Q2YM8QYo07VPddOLBslDt1MZOdEslOHvmzAs=
+go.opencensus.io v0.22.2/go.mod h1:yxeiOL68Rb0Xd1ddK5vPZ/oVn4vY4Ynel7k9FzqtOIw=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.4.0/go.mod h1:gD2HeocX3+yG+ygLZcrzQJaqmWj9AIm7n08wl/qW/PE=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.5.0/go.mod h1:sABNBOSYdrvTF6hTgEIbc7YasKWGhgEQZyfxyTvoXHQ=
 go.uber.org/atomic v1.5.1/go.mod h1:sABNBOSYdrvTF6hTgEIbc7YasKWGhgEQZyfxyTvoXHQ=
@@ -552,6 +580,7 @@ golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20181203042331-505ab145d0a9/go.mod h1:6SG95UA2DQfeDnf
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
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@@ -560,14 +589,24 @@ golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20191011191535-87dc89f01550/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8U
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@@ -584,6 +623,7 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190424112056-4829fb13d2c6/go.mod h1:t9HGtf8HONx5eT2rtn
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@@ -595,6 +635,8 @@ golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20180821212333-d2e6202438be/go.mod h1:N/0e6XlmueqKjAG
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@@ -620,12 +662,16 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190424175732-18eb32c0e2f0 h1:V+O002es++Mnym06Rj/S6Fl7V
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@@ -650,6 +696,7 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190221204921-83362c3779f5/go.mod h1:9Yl7xja0Znq3iFh3
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@@ -657,36 +704,55 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190425150028-36563e24a262/go.mod h1:RgjU9mgBXZiqYHBn
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 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20180817151627-c66870c02cf8/go.mod h1:JiN7NxoALGmiZfu7CAH4rXhgtRTLTxftemlI0sWmxmc=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20190307195333-5fe7a883aa19/go.mod h1:VzzqZJRnGkLBvHegQrXjBqPurQTc5/KpmUdxsrq26oE=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20190418145605-e7d98fc518a7/go.mod h1:VzzqZJRnGkLBvHegQrXjBqPurQTc5/KpmUdxsrq26oE=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20190425155659-357c62f0e4bb/go.mod h1:VzzqZJRnGkLBvHegQrXjBqPurQTc5/KpmUdxsrq26oE=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20190502173448-54afdca5d873/go.mod h1:VzzqZJRnGkLBvHegQrXjBqPurQTc5/KpmUdxsrq26oE=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20190605220351-eb0b1bdb6ae6/go.mod h1:z3L6/3dTEVtUr6QSP8miRzeRqwQOioJ9I66odjN4I7s=
+google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20190801165951-fa694d86fc64/go.mod h1:DMBHOl98Agz4BDEuKkezgsaosCRResVns1a3J2ZsMNc=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20190819201941-24fa4b261c55/go.mod h1:DMBHOl98Agz4BDEuKkezgsaosCRResVns1a3J2ZsMNc=
+google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20190911173649-1774047e7e51/go.mod h1:IbNlFCBrqXvoKpeg0TB2l7cyZUmoaFKYIwrEpbDKLA8=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20190927181202-20e1ac93f88c/go.mod h1:IbNlFCBrqXvoKpeg0TB2l7cyZUmoaFKYIwrEpbDKLA8=
+google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20191230161307-f3c370f40bfb h1:ADPHZzpzM4tk4V4S5cnCrr5SwzvlrPRmqqCuJDB8UTs=
 google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20191230161307-f3c370f40bfb/go.mod h1:n3cpQtvxv34hfy77yVDNjmbRyujviMdxYliBSkLhpCc=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.19.0/go.mod h1:mqu4LbDTu4XGKhr4mRzUsmM4RtVoemTSY81AxZiDr8c=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.20.1/go.mod h1:10oTOabMzJvdu6/UiuZezV6QK5dSlG84ov/aaiqXj38=
@@ -694,6 +760,7 @@ google.golang.org/grpc v1.21.0/go.mod h1:oYelfM1adQP15Ek0mdvEgi9Df8B9CZIaU1084ij
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.21.1/go.mod h1:oYelfM1adQP15Ek0mdvEgi9Df8B9CZIaU1084ijfRaM=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.23.0/go.mod h1:Y5yQAOtifL1yxbo5wqy6BxZv8vAUGQwXBOALyacEbxg=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.24.0/go.mod h1:XDChyiUovWa60DnaeDeZmSW86xtLtjtZbwvSiRnRtcA=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.26.0 h1:2dTRdpdFEEhJYQD8EMLB61nnrzSCTbG38PhqdhvOltg=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.26.0/go.mod h1:qbnxyOmOxrQa7FizSgH+ReBfzJrCY1pSN7KXBS8abTk=
 gopkg.in/airbrake/gobrake.v2 v2.0.9/go.mod h1:/h5ZAUhDkGaJfjzjKLSjv6zCL6O0LLBxU4K+aSYdM/U=
 gopkg.in/alecthomas/kingpin.v2 v2.2.6/go.mod h1:FMv+mEhP44yOT+4EoQTLFTRgOQ1FBLkstjWtayDeSgw=
@@ -737,6 +804,7 @@ mvdan.cc/unparam v0.0.0-20190209190245-fbb59629db34/go.mod h1:H6SUd1XjIs+qQCyskX
 mvdan.cc/unparam v0.0.0-20190720180237-d51796306d8f/go.mod h1:4G1h5nDURzA3bwVMZIVpwbkw+04kSxk3rAtzlimaUJw=
 mvdan.cc/unparam v0.0.0-20191111180625-960b1ec0f2c2 h1:K7wru2CfJGumS5hkiguQ0Rb9ebKM2Jo8s5d4Jm9lFaM=
 mvdan.cc/unparam v0.0.0-20191111180625-960b1ec0f2c2/go.mod h1:rCqoQrfAmpTX/h2APczwM7UymU/uvaOluiVPIYCSY/k=
+rsc.io/binaryregexp v0.2.0/go.mod h1:qTv7/COck+e2FymRvadv62gMdZztPaShugOCi3I+8D8=
 sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.1.0/go.mod h1:UJmg0vDUVViEyp3mgSv9WPwZCDxu4rQW1olrI1uml+o=
 sourcegraph.com/sqs/pbtypes v0.0.0-20180604144634-d3ebe8f20ae4/go.mod h1:ketZ/q3QxT9HOBeFhu6RdvsftgpsbFHBF5Cas6cDKZ0=
 sourcegraph.com/sqs/pbtypes v1.0.0 h1:f7lAwqviDEGvON4kRv0o5V7FT/IQK+tbkF664XMbP3o=

kms/apiv1/options.go

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package apiv1
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+)
+
+// ErrNotImplemented
+type ErrNotImplemented struct {
+	msg string
+}
+
+func (e ErrNotImplemented) Error() string {
+	if e.msg != "" {
+		return e.msg
+	}
+	return "not implemented"
+}
+
+// Type represents the KMS type used.
+type Type string
+
+const (
+	// DefaultKMS is a KMS implementation using software.
+	DefaultKMS Type = ""
+	// SoftKMS is a KMS implementation using software.
+	SoftKMS Type = "softkms"
+	// CloudKMS is a KMS implementation using Google's Cloud KMS.
+	CloudKMS Type = "cloudkms"
+	// AmazonKMS is a KMS implementation using Amazon AWS KMS.
+	AmazonKMS Type = "awskms"
+	// PKCS11 is a KMS implementation using the PKCS11 standard.
+	PKCS11 Type = "pkcs11"
+)
+
+type Options struct {
+	// The type of the KMS to use.
+	Type string `json:"type"`
+
+	// Path to the credentials file used in CloudKMS.
+	CredentialsFile string `json:"credentialsFile"`
+
+	// Path to the module used with PKCS11 KMS.
+	Module string `json:"module"`
+
+	// Pin used to access the PKCS11 module.
+	Pin string `json:"pin"`
+}
+
+// Validate checks the fields in Options.
+func (o *Options) Validate() error {
+	if o == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	switch Type(strings.ToLower(o.Type)) {
+	case DefaultKMS, SoftKMS, CloudKMS:
+	case AmazonKMS:
+		return ErrNotImplemented{"support for AmazonKMS is not yet implemented"}
+	case PKCS11:
+		return ErrNotImplemented{"support for PKCS11 is not yet implemented"}
+	default:
+		return errors.Errorf("unsupported kms type %s", o.Type)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

kms/apiv1/options_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package apiv1
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestOptions_Validate(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		options *Options
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{"nil", nil, false},
+		{"softkms", &Options{Type: "softkms"}, false},
+		{"cloudkms", &Options{Type: "cloudkms"}, false},
+		{"awskms", &Options{Type: "awskms"}, true},
+		{"pkcs11", &Options{Type: "pkcs11"}, true},
+		{"unsupported", &Options{Type: "unsupported"}, true},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if err := tt.options.Validate(); (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
+				t.Errorf("Options.Validate() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantErr)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestErrNotImplemented_Error(t *testing.T) {
+	type fields struct {
+		msg string
+	}
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		fields fields
+		want   string
+	}{
+		{"default", fields{}, "not implemented"},
+		{"custom", fields{"custom message: not implemented"}, "custom message: not implemented"},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			e := ErrNotImplemented{
+				msg: tt.fields.msg,
+			}
+			if got := e.Error(); got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("ErrNotImplemented.Error() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

kms/apiv1/requests.go

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+package apiv1
+
+import (
+	"crypto"
+	"fmt"
+)
+
+// ProtectionLevel specifies on some KMS how cryptographic operations are
+// performed.
+type ProtectionLevel int
+
+const (
+	// Protection level not specified.
+	UnspecifiedProtectionLevel ProtectionLevel = iota
+	// Crypto operations are performed in software.
+	Software
+	// Crypto operations are performed in a Hardware Security Module.
+	HSM
+)
+
+// String returns a string representation of p.
+func (p ProtectionLevel) String() string {
+	switch p {
+	case UnspecifiedProtectionLevel:
+		return "unspecified"
+	case Software:
+		return "software"
+	case HSM:
+		return "hsm"
+	default:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("unknown(%d)", p)
+	}
+}
+
+// SignatureAlgorithm used for cryptographic signing.
+type SignatureAlgorithm int
+
+const (
+	// Not specified.
+	UnspecifiedSignAlgorithm SignatureAlgorithm = iota
+	// RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 key and a SHA256 digest.
+	SHA256WithRSA
+	// RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 key and a SHA384 digest.
+	SHA384WithRSA
+	// RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 key and a SHA512 digest.
+	SHA512WithRSA
+	// RSASSA-PSS key with a SHA256 digest.
+	SHA256WithRSAPSS
+	// RSASSA-PSS key with a SHA384 digest.
+	SHA384WithRSAPSS
+	// RSASSA-PSS key with a SHA512 digest.
+	SHA512WithRSAPSS
+	// ECDSA on the NIST P-256 curve with a SHA256 digest.
+	ECDSAWithSHA256
+	// ECDSA on the NIST P-384 curve with a SHA384 digest.
+	ECDSAWithSHA384
+	// ECDSA on the NIST P-521 curve with a SHA512 digest.
+	ECDSAWithSHA512
+	// EdDSA on Curve25519 with a SHA512 digest.
+	PureEd25519
+)
+
+// String returns a string representation of s.
+func (s SignatureAlgorithm) String() string {
+	switch s {
+	case UnspecifiedSignAlgorithm:
+		return "unspecified"
+	case SHA256WithRSA:
+		return "SHA256-RSA"
+	case SHA384WithRSA:
+		return "SHA384-RSA"
+	case SHA512WithRSA:
+		return "SHA512-RSA"
+	case SHA256WithRSAPSS:
+		return "SHA256-RSAPSS"
+	case SHA384WithRSAPSS:
+		return "SHA384-RSAPSS"
+	case SHA512WithRSAPSS:
+		return "SHA512-RSAPSS"
+	case ECDSAWithSHA256:
+		return "ECDSA-SHA256"
+	case ECDSAWithSHA384:
+		return "ECDSA-SHA384"
+	case ECDSAWithSHA512:
+		return "ECDSA-SHA512"
+	case PureEd25519:
+		return "Ed25519"
+	default:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("unknown(%d)", s)
+	}
+}
+
+// GetPublicKeyRequest is the parameter used in the kms.GetPublicKey method.
+type GetPublicKeyRequest struct {
+	Name string
+}
+
+// CreateKeyRequest is the parameter used in the kms.CreateKey method.
+type CreateKeyRequest struct {
+	Name               string
+	SignatureAlgorithm SignatureAlgorithm
+	Bits               int
+
+	// ProtectionLevel specifies how cryptographic operations are performed.
+	// Used by: cloudkms
+	ProtectionLevel ProtectionLevel
+}
+
+// CreateKeyResponse is the response value of the kms.CreateKey method.
+type CreateKeyResponse struct {
+	Name                string
+	PublicKey           crypto.PublicKey
+	PrivateKey          crypto.PrivateKey
+	CreateSignerRequest CreateSignerRequest
+}
+
+// CreateSignerRequest is the parameter used in the kms.CreateSigner method.
+type CreateSignerRequest struct {
+	Signer        crypto.Signer
+	SigningKey    string
+	SigningKeyPEM []byte
+	TokenLabel    string
+	PublicKey     string
+	PublicKeyPEM  []byte
+	Password      []byte
+}

kms/apiv1/requests_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package apiv1
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestProtectionLevel_String(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		p    ProtectionLevel
+		want string
+	}{
+		{"unspecified", UnspecifiedProtectionLevel, "unspecified"},
+		{"software", Software, "software"},
+		{"hsm", HSM, "hsm"},
+		{"unknown", ProtectionLevel(100), "unknown(100)"},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := tt.p.String(); got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("ProtectionLevel.String() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSignatureAlgorithm_String(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		s    SignatureAlgorithm
+		want string
+	}{
+		{"UnspecifiedSignAlgorithm", UnspecifiedSignAlgorithm, "unspecified"},
+		{"SHA256WithRSA", SHA256WithRSA, "SHA256-RSA"},
+		{"SHA384WithRSA", SHA384WithRSA, "SHA384-RSA"},
+		{"SHA512WithRSA", SHA512WithRSA, "SHA512-RSA"},
+		{"SHA256WithRSAPSS", SHA256WithRSAPSS, "SHA256-RSAPSS"},
+		{"SHA384WithRSAPSS", SHA384WithRSAPSS, "SHA384-RSAPSS"},
+		{"SHA512WithRSAPSS", SHA512WithRSAPSS, "SHA512-RSAPSS"},
+		{"ECDSAWithSHA256", ECDSAWithSHA256, "ECDSA-SHA256"},
+		{"ECDSAWithSHA384", ECDSAWithSHA384, "ECDSA-SHA384"},
+		{"ECDSAWithSHA512", ECDSAWithSHA512, "ECDSA-SHA512"},
+		{"PureEd25519", PureEd25519, "Ed25519"},
+		{"unknown", SignatureAlgorithm(100), "unknown(100)"},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := tt.s.String(); got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("SignatureAlgorithm.String() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

kms/cloudkms/cloudkms.go

@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+package cloudkms
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+
+	cloudkms "cloud.google.com/go/kms/apiv1"
+	gax "github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/kms/apiv1"
+	"github.com/smallstep/cli/crypto/pemutil"
+	"google.golang.org/api/option"
+	kmspb "google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/cloud/kms/v1"
+)
+
+// protectionLevelMapping maps step protection levels with cloud kms ones.
+var protectionLevelMapping = map[apiv1.ProtectionLevel]kmspb.ProtectionLevel{
+	apiv1.UnspecifiedProtectionLevel: kmspb.ProtectionLevel_PROTECTION_LEVEL_UNSPECIFIED,
+	apiv1.Software:                   kmspb.ProtectionLevel_SOFTWARE,
+	apiv1.HSM:                        kmspb.ProtectionLevel_HSM,
+}
+
+// signatureAlgorithmMapping is a mapping between the step signature algorithm,
+// and bits for RSA keys, with cloud kms one.
+//
+// Cloud KMS does not support SHA384WithRSA, SHA384WithRSAPSS, SHA384WithRSAPSS,
+// ECDSAWithSHA512, and PureEd25519.
+var signatureAlgorithmMapping = map[apiv1.SignatureAlgorithm]interface{}{
+	apiv1.UnspecifiedSignAlgorithm: kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion_CRYPTO_KEY_VERSION_ALGORITHM_UNSPECIFIED,
+	apiv1.SHA256WithRSA: map[int]kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion_CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm{
+		0:    kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion_RSA_SIGN_PKCS1_3072_SHA256,
+		2048: kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion_RSA_SIGN_PKCS1_2048_SHA256,
+		3072: kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion_RSA_SIGN_PKCS1_3072_SHA256,
+		4096: kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion_RSA_SIGN_PKCS1_4096_SHA256,
+	},
+	apiv1.SHA512WithRSA: map[int]kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion_CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm{
+		0:    kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion_RSA_SIGN_PKCS1_4096_SHA256,
+		4096: kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion_RSA_SIGN_PKCS1_4096_SHA256,
+	},
+	apiv1.SHA256WithRSAPSS: map[int]kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion_CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm{
+		0:    kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion_RSA_SIGN_PSS_3072_SHA256,
+		2048: kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion_RSA_SIGN_PSS_2048_SHA256,
+		3072: kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion_RSA_SIGN_PSS_3072_SHA256,
+		4096: kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion_RSA_SIGN_PSS_4096_SHA256,
+	},
+	apiv1.SHA512WithRSAPSS: map[int]kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion_CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm{
+		0:    kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion_RSA_SIGN_PSS_4096_SHA512,
+		4096: kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion_RSA_SIGN_PSS_4096_SHA512,
+	},
+	apiv1.ECDSAWithSHA256: kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion_EC_SIGN_P256_SHA256,
+	apiv1.ECDSAWithSHA384: kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion_EC_SIGN_P384_SHA384,
+}
+
+// KeyManagementClient defines the methods on KeyManagementClient that this
+// package will use. This interface will be used for unit testing.
+type KeyManagementClient interface {
+	Close() error
+	GetPublicKey(context.Context, *kmspb.GetPublicKeyRequest, ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.PublicKey, error)
+	AsymmetricSign(context.Context, *kmspb.AsymmetricSignRequest, ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.AsymmetricSignResponse, error)
+	CreateCryptoKey(context.Context, *kmspb.CreateCryptoKeyRequest, ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.CryptoKey, error)
+	GetKeyRing(context.Context, *kmspb.GetKeyRingRequest, ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.KeyRing, error)
+	CreateKeyRing(context.Context, *kmspb.CreateKeyRingRequest, ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.KeyRing, error)
+	CreateCryptoKeyVersion(ctx context.Context, req *kmspb.CreateCryptoKeyVersionRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion, error)
+}
+
+// CloudKMS implements a KMS using Google's Cloud apiv1.
+type CloudKMS struct {
+	client KeyManagementClient
+}
+
+// New creates a new CloudKMS configured with a new client.
+func New(ctx context.Context, opts apiv1.Options) (*CloudKMS, error) {
+	var cloudOpts []option.ClientOption
+	if opts.CredentialsFile != "" {
+		cloudOpts = append(cloudOpts, option.WithCredentialsFile(opts.CredentialsFile))
+	}
+
+	client, err := cloudkms.NewKeyManagementClient(ctx, cloudOpts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &CloudKMS{
+		client: client,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// NewCloudKMS creates a CloudKMS with a given client.
+func NewCloudKMS(client KeyManagementClient) *CloudKMS {
+	return &CloudKMS{
+		client: client,
+	}
+}
+
+// Close closes the connection of the Cloud KMS client.
+func (k *CloudKMS) Close() error {
+	if err := k.client.Close(); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "cloudKMS Close failed")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// CreateSigner returns a new cloudkms signer configured with the given signing
+// key name.
+func (k *CloudKMS) CreateSigner(req *apiv1.CreateSignerRequest) (crypto.Signer, error) {
+	if req.SigningKey == "" {
+		return nil, errors.New("signing key cannot be empty")
+	}
+
+	return NewSigner(k.client, req.SigningKey), nil
+}
+
+// CreateKey creates in Google's Cloud KMS a new asymmetric key for signing.
+func (k *CloudKMS) CreateKey(req *apiv1.CreateKeyRequest) (*apiv1.CreateKeyResponse, error) {
+	if req.Name == "" {
+		return nil, errors.New("createKeyRequest 'name' cannot be empty")
+	}
+
+	protectionLevel, ok := protectionLevelMapping[req.ProtectionLevel]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("cloudKMS does not support protection level '%s'", req.ProtectionLevel)
+	}
+
+	var signatureAlgorithm kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion_CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm
+	v, ok := signatureAlgorithmMapping[req.SignatureAlgorithm]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("cloudKMS does not support signature algorithm '%s'", req.SignatureAlgorithm)
+	}
+	switch v := v.(type) {
+	case kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion_CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm:
+		signatureAlgorithm = v
+	case map[int]kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion_CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm:
+		if signatureAlgorithm, ok = v[req.Bits]; !ok {
+			return nil, errors.Errorf("cloudKMS does not support signature algorithm '%s' with '%d' bits", req.SignatureAlgorithm, req.Bits)
+		}
+	default:
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("unexpected error: this should not happen")
+	}
+
+	var crytoKeyName string
+
+	// Split `projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/global/keyRings/RING_ID/cryptoKeys/KEY_ID`
+	// to `projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/global/keyRings/RING_ID` and `KEY_ID`.
+	keyRing, keyID := Parent(req.Name)
+	if err := k.createKeyRingIfNeeded(keyRing); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := defaultContext()
+	defer cancel()
+
+	// Create private key in CloudKMS.
+	response, err := k.client.CreateCryptoKey(ctx, &kmspb.CreateCryptoKeyRequest{
+		Parent:      keyRing,
+		CryptoKeyId: keyID,
+		CryptoKey: &kmspb.CryptoKey{
+			Purpose: kmspb.CryptoKey_ASYMMETRIC_SIGN,
+			VersionTemplate: &kmspb.CryptoKeyVersionTemplate{
+				ProtectionLevel: protectionLevel,
+				Algorithm:       signatureAlgorithm,
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		if status.Code(err) != codes.AlreadyExists {
+			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "cloudKMS CreateCryptoKey failed")
+		}
+		// Create a new version if the key already exists.
+		//
+		// Note that it will have the same purpose, protection level and
+		// algorithm than as previous one.
+		req := &kmspb.CreateCryptoKeyVersionRequest{
+			Parent: req.Name,
+			CryptoKeyVersion: &kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion{
+				State: kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion_ENABLED,
+			},
+		}
+		response, err := k.client.CreateCryptoKeyVersion(ctx, req)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "cloudKMS CreateCryptoKeyVersion failed")
+		}
+		crytoKeyName = response.Name
+	} else {
+		crytoKeyName = response.Name + "/cryptoKeyVersions/1"
+	}
+
+	// Retrieve public key to add it to the response.
+	pk, err := k.GetPublicKey(&apiv1.GetPublicKeyRequest{
+		Name: crytoKeyName,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "cloudKMS GetPublicKey failed")
+	}
+
+	return &apiv1.CreateKeyResponse{
+		Name:      crytoKeyName,
+		PublicKey: pk,
+		CreateSignerRequest: apiv1.CreateSignerRequest{
+			SigningKey: crytoKeyName,
+		},
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (k *CloudKMS) createKeyRingIfNeeded(name string) error {
+	ctx, cancel := defaultContext()
+	defer cancel()
+
+	_, err := k.client.GetKeyRing(ctx, &kmspb.GetKeyRingRequest{
+		Name: name,
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	parent, child := Parent(name)
+	_, err = k.client.CreateKeyRing(ctx, &kmspb.CreateKeyRingRequest{
+		Parent:    parent,
+		KeyRingId: child,
+	})
+	if err != nil && status.Code(err) != codes.AlreadyExists {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "cloudKMS CreateKeyRing failed")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GetPublicKey gets from Google's Cloud KMS a public key by name. Key names
+// follow the pattern:
+//   projects/([^/]+)/locations/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]{1,63})/keyRings/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]{1,63})/cryptoKeys/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]{1,63})/cryptoKeyVersions/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]{1,63})
+func (k *CloudKMS) GetPublicKey(req *apiv1.GetPublicKeyRequest) (crypto.PublicKey, error) {
+	if req.Name == "" {
+		return nil, errors.New("createKeyRequest 'name' cannot be empty")
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := defaultContext()
+	defer cancel()
+
+	response, err := k.client.GetPublicKey(ctx, &kmspb.GetPublicKeyRequest{
+		Name: req.Name,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "cloudKMS GetPublicKey failed")
+	}
+
+	pk, err := pemutil.ParseKey([]byte(response.Pem))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return pk, nil
+}
+
+func defaultContext() (context.Context, context.CancelFunc) {
+	return context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 15*time.Second)
+}
+
+// Parent splits a string in the format `key/value/key2/value2` in a parent and
+// child, for the previous string it will return `key/value` and `value2`.
+func Parent(name string) (string, string) {
+	a, b := parent(name)
+	a, _ = parent(a)
+	return a, b
+}
+
+func parent(name string) (string, string) {
+	i := strings.LastIndex(name, "/")
+	switch i {
+	case -1:
+		return "", name
+	case 0:
+		return "", name[i+1:]
+	default:
+		return name[:i], name[i+1:]
+	}
+}

kms/cloudkms/cloudkms_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
+package cloudkms
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+
+	gax "github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/kms/apiv1"
+	"github.com/smallstep/cli/crypto/pemutil"
+	kmspb "google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/cloud/kms/v1"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+)
+
+func TestParent(t *testing.T) {
+	type args struct {
+		name string
+	}
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		args  args
+		want  string
+		want1 string
+	}{
+		{"zero", args{"child"}, "", "child"},
+		{"one", args{"parent/child"}, "", "child"},
+		{"two", args{"grandparent/parent/child"}, "grandparent", "child"},
+		{"three", args{"great-grandparent/grandparent/parent/child"}, "great-grandparent/grandparent", "child"},
+		{"empty", args{""}, "", ""},
+		{"root", args{"/"}, "", ""},
+		{"child", args{"/child"}, "", "child"},
+		{"parent", args{"parent/"}, "", ""},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, got1 := Parent(tt.args.name)
+			if got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("Parent() got = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+			if got1 != tt.want1 {
+				t.Errorf("Parent() got1 = %v, want %v", got1, tt.want1)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNew(t *testing.T) {
+	type args struct {
+		ctx  context.Context
+		opts apiv1.Options
+	}
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		skipOnCI bool
+		args     args
+		want     *CloudKMS
+		wantErr  bool
+	}{
+		{"fail authentication", true, args{context.Background(), apiv1.Options{}}, nil, true},
+		{"fail credentials", false, args{context.Background(), apiv1.Options{CredentialsFile: "testdata/missing"}}, nil, true},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if tt.skipOnCI && os.Getenv("CI") == "true" {
+				t.SkipNow()
+			}
+
+			got, err := New(tt.args.ctx, tt.args.opts)
+			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
+				t.Errorf("New() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantErr)
+				return
+			}
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("New() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNewCloudKMS(t *testing.T) {
+	type args struct {
+		client KeyManagementClient
+	}
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		args args
+		want *CloudKMS
+	}{
+		{"ok", args{&MockClient{}}, &CloudKMS{&MockClient{}}},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := NewCloudKMS(tt.args.client); !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("NewCloudKMS() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCloudKMS_Close(t *testing.T) {
+	type fields struct {
+		client KeyManagementClient
+	}
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		fields  fields
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{"ok", fields{&MockClient{close: func() error { return nil }}}, false},
+		{"fail", fields{&MockClient{close: func() error { return fmt.Errorf("an error") }}}, true},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			k := &CloudKMS{
+				client: tt.fields.client,
+			}
+			if err := k.Close(); (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
+				t.Errorf("CloudKMS.Close() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantErr)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCloudKMS_CreateSigner(t *testing.T) {
+	keyName := "projects/p/locations/l/keyRings/k/cryptoKeys/c/cryptoKeyVersions/1"
+	type fields struct {
+		client KeyManagementClient
+	}
+	type args struct {
+		req *apiv1.CreateSignerRequest
+	}
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		fields  fields
+		args    args
+		want    crypto.Signer
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{"ok", fields{&MockClient{}}, args{&apiv1.CreateSignerRequest{SigningKey: keyName}}, &Signer{client: &MockClient{}, signingKey: keyName}, false},
+		{"fail", fields{&MockClient{}}, args{&apiv1.CreateSignerRequest{SigningKey: ""}}, nil, true},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			k := &CloudKMS{
+				client: tt.fields.client,
+			}
+			got, err := k.CreateSigner(tt.args.req)
+			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
+				t.Errorf("CloudKMS.CreateSigner() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantErr)
+				return
+			}
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("CloudKMS.CreateSigner() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCloudKMS_CreateKey(t *testing.T) {
+	keyName := "projects/p/locations/l/keyRings/k/cryptoKeys/c"
+	testError := fmt.Errorf("an error")
+	alreadyExists := status.Error(codes.AlreadyExists, "already exists")
+
+	pemBytes, err := ioutil.ReadFile("testdata/pub.pem")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	pk, err := pemutil.ParseKey(pemBytes)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	type fields struct {
+		client KeyManagementClient
+	}
+	type args struct {
+		req *apiv1.CreateKeyRequest
+	}
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		fields  fields
+		args    args
+		want    *apiv1.CreateKeyResponse
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{"ok", fields{
+			&MockClient{
+				getKeyRing: func(_ context.Context, _ *kmspb.GetKeyRingRequest, _ ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.KeyRing, error) {
+					return &kmspb.KeyRing{}, nil
+				},
+				createCryptoKey: func(_ context.Context, _ *kmspb.CreateCryptoKeyRequest, _ ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.CryptoKey, error) {
+					return &kmspb.CryptoKey{Name: keyName}, nil
+				},
+				getPublicKey: func(_ context.Context, _ *kmspb.GetPublicKeyRequest, _ ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.PublicKey, error) {
+					return &kmspb.PublicKey{Pem: string(pemBytes)}, nil
+				},
+			}},
+			args{&apiv1.CreateKeyRequest{Name: keyName, ProtectionLevel: apiv1.HSM, SignatureAlgorithm: apiv1.ECDSAWithSHA256}},
+			&apiv1.CreateKeyResponse{Name: keyName + "/cryptoKeyVersions/1", PublicKey: pk, CreateSignerRequest: apiv1.CreateSignerRequest{SigningKey: keyName + "/cryptoKeyVersions/1"}}, false},
+		{"ok new key ring", fields{
+			&MockClient{
+				getKeyRing: func(_ context.Context, _ *kmspb.GetKeyRingRequest, _ ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.KeyRing, error) {
+					return nil, testError
+				},
+				createKeyRing: func(_ context.Context, _ *kmspb.CreateKeyRingRequest, _ ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.KeyRing, error) {
+					return nil, alreadyExists
+				},
+				createCryptoKey: func(_ context.Context, _ *kmspb.CreateCryptoKeyRequest, _ ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.CryptoKey, error) {
+					return &kmspb.CryptoKey{Name: keyName}, nil
+				},
+				getPublicKey: func(_ context.Context, _ *kmspb.GetPublicKeyRequest, _ ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.PublicKey, error) {
+					return &kmspb.PublicKey{Pem: string(pemBytes)}, nil
+				},
+			}},
+			args{&apiv1.CreateKeyRequest{Name: keyName, ProtectionLevel: apiv1.Software, SignatureAlgorithm: apiv1.SHA256WithRSA, Bits: 3072}},
+			&apiv1.CreateKeyResponse{Name: keyName + "/cryptoKeyVersions/1", PublicKey: pk, CreateSignerRequest: apiv1.CreateSignerRequest{SigningKey: keyName + "/cryptoKeyVersions/1"}}, false},
+		{"ok new key version", fields{
+			&MockClient{
+				getKeyRing: func(_ context.Context, _ *kmspb.GetKeyRingRequest, _ ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.KeyRing, error) {
+					return &kmspb.KeyRing{}, nil
+				},
+				createCryptoKey: func(_ context.Context, _ *kmspb.CreateCryptoKeyRequest, _ ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.CryptoKey, error) {
+					return nil, alreadyExists
+				},
+				createCryptoKeyVersion: func(_ context.Context, _ *kmspb.CreateCryptoKeyVersionRequest, _ ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion, error) {
+					return &kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion{Name: keyName + "/cryptoKeyVersions/2"}, nil
+				},
+				getPublicKey: func(_ context.Context, _ *kmspb.GetPublicKeyRequest, _ ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.PublicKey, error) {
+					return &kmspb.PublicKey{Pem: string(pemBytes)}, nil
+				},
+			}},
+			args{&apiv1.CreateKeyRequest{Name: keyName, ProtectionLevel: apiv1.HSM, SignatureAlgorithm: apiv1.ECDSAWithSHA256}},
+			&apiv1.CreateKeyResponse{Name: keyName + "/cryptoKeyVersions/2", PublicKey: pk, CreateSignerRequest: apiv1.CreateSignerRequest{SigningKey: keyName + "/cryptoKeyVersions/2"}}, false},
+		{"fail name", fields{&MockClient{}}, args{&apiv1.CreateKeyRequest{}}, nil, true},
+		{"fail protection level", fields{&MockClient{}}, args{&apiv1.CreateKeyRequest{Name: keyName, ProtectionLevel: apiv1.ProtectionLevel(100)}}, nil, true},
+		{"fail signature algorithm", fields{&MockClient{}}, args{&apiv1.CreateKeyRequest{Name: keyName, ProtectionLevel: apiv1.Software, SignatureAlgorithm: apiv1.SignatureAlgorithm(100)}}, nil, true},
+		{"fail number of bits", fields{&MockClient{}}, args{&apiv1.CreateKeyRequest{Name: keyName, ProtectionLevel: apiv1.Software, SignatureAlgorithm: apiv1.SHA256WithRSA, Bits: 1024}},
+			nil, true},
+		{"fail create key ring", fields{
+			&MockClient{
+				getKeyRing: func(_ context.Context, _ *kmspb.GetKeyRingRequest, _ ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.KeyRing, error) {
+					return nil, testError
+				},
+				createKeyRing: func(_ context.Context, _ *kmspb.CreateKeyRingRequest, _ ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.KeyRing, error) {
+					return nil, testError
+				},
+			}},
+			args{&apiv1.CreateKeyRequest{Name: keyName, ProtectionLevel: apiv1.HSM, SignatureAlgorithm: apiv1.ECDSAWithSHA256}},
+			nil, true},
+		{"fail create key", fields{
+			&MockClient{
+				getKeyRing: func(_ context.Context, _ *kmspb.GetKeyRingRequest, _ ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.KeyRing, error) {
+					return &kmspb.KeyRing{}, nil
+				},
+				createCryptoKey: func(_ context.Context, _ *kmspb.CreateCryptoKeyRequest, _ ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.CryptoKey, error) {
+					return nil, testError
+				},
+			}},
+			args{&apiv1.CreateKeyRequest{Name: keyName, ProtectionLevel: apiv1.HSM, SignatureAlgorithm: apiv1.ECDSAWithSHA256}},
+			nil, true},
+		{"fail create key version", fields{
+			&MockClient{
+				getKeyRing: func(_ context.Context, _ *kmspb.GetKeyRingRequest, _ ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.KeyRing, error) {
+					return &kmspb.KeyRing{}, nil
+				},
+				createCryptoKey: func(_ context.Context, _ *kmspb.CreateCryptoKeyRequest, _ ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.CryptoKey, error) {
+					return nil, alreadyExists
+				},
+				createCryptoKeyVersion: func(_ context.Context, _ *kmspb.CreateCryptoKeyVersionRequest, _ ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion, error) {
+					return nil, testError
+				},
+			}},
+			args{&apiv1.CreateKeyRequest{Name: keyName, ProtectionLevel: apiv1.HSM, SignatureAlgorithm: apiv1.ECDSAWithSHA256}},
+			nil, true},
+		{"fail get public key", fields{
+			&MockClient{
+				getKeyRing: func(_ context.Context, _ *kmspb.GetKeyRingRequest, _ ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.KeyRing, error) {
+					return &kmspb.KeyRing{}, nil
+				},
+				createCryptoKey: func(_ context.Context, _ *kmspb.CreateCryptoKeyRequest, _ ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.CryptoKey, error) {
+					return &kmspb.CryptoKey{Name: keyName}, nil
+				},
+				getPublicKey: func(_ context.Context, _ *kmspb.GetPublicKeyRequest, _ ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.PublicKey, error) {
+					return nil, testError
+				},
+			}},
+			args{&apiv1.CreateKeyRequest{Name: keyName, ProtectionLevel: apiv1.HSM, SignatureAlgorithm: apiv1.ECDSAWithSHA256}},
+			nil, true},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			k := &CloudKMS{
+				client: tt.fields.client,
+			}
+			got, err := k.CreateKey(tt.args.req)
+			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
+				t.Errorf("CloudKMS.CreateKey() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantErr)
+				return
+			}
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("CloudKMS.CreateKey() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCloudKMS_GetPublicKey(t *testing.T) {
+	keyName := "projects/p/locations/l/keyRings/k/cryptoKeys/c/cryptoKeyVersions/1"
+	testError := fmt.Errorf("an error")
+
+	pemBytes, err := ioutil.ReadFile("testdata/pub.pem")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	pk, err := pemutil.ParseKey(pemBytes)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	type fields struct {
+		client KeyManagementClient
+	}
+	type args struct {
+		req *apiv1.GetPublicKeyRequest
+	}
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		fields  fields
+		args    args
+		want    crypto.PublicKey
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{"ok", fields{
+			&MockClient{
+				getPublicKey: func(_ context.Context, _ *kmspb.GetPublicKeyRequest, _ ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.PublicKey, error) {
+					return &kmspb.PublicKey{Pem: string(pemBytes)}, nil
+				},
+			}},
+			args{&apiv1.GetPublicKeyRequest{Name: keyName}}, pk, false},
+		{"fail name", fields{&MockClient{}}, args{&apiv1.GetPublicKeyRequest{}}, nil, true},
+		{"fail get public key", fields{
+			&MockClient{
+				getPublicKey: func(_ context.Context, _ *kmspb.GetPublicKeyRequest, _ ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.PublicKey, error) {
+					return nil, testError
+				},
+			}},
+			args{&apiv1.GetPublicKeyRequest{Name: keyName}}, nil, true},
+		{"fail parse pem", fields{
+			&MockClient{
+				getPublicKey: func(_ context.Context, _ *kmspb.GetPublicKeyRequest, _ ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.PublicKey, error) {
+					return &kmspb.PublicKey{Pem: string("bad pem")}, nil
+				},
+			}},
+			args{&apiv1.GetPublicKeyRequest{Name: keyName}}, nil, true},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			k := &CloudKMS{
+				client: tt.fields.client,
+			}
+			got, err := k.GetPublicKey(tt.args.req)
+			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
+				t.Errorf("CloudKMS.GetPublicKey() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantErr)
+				return
+			}
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("CloudKMS.GetPublicKey() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

kms/cloudkms/mock_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package cloudkms
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	gax "github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2"
+	kmspb "google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/cloud/kms/v1"
+)
+
+type MockClient struct {
+	close                  func() error
+	getPublicKey           func(context.Context, *kmspb.GetPublicKeyRequest, ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.PublicKey, error)
+	asymmetricSign         func(context.Context, *kmspb.AsymmetricSignRequest, ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.AsymmetricSignResponse, error)
+	createCryptoKey        func(context.Context, *kmspb.CreateCryptoKeyRequest, ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.CryptoKey, error)
+	getKeyRing             func(context.Context, *kmspb.GetKeyRingRequest, ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.KeyRing, error)
+	createKeyRing          func(context.Context, *kmspb.CreateKeyRingRequest, ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.KeyRing, error)
+	createCryptoKeyVersion func(context.Context, *kmspb.CreateCryptoKeyVersionRequest, ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion, error)
+}
+
+func (m *MockClient) Close() error {
+	return m.close()
+}
+
+func (m *MockClient) GetPublicKey(ctx context.Context, req *kmspb.GetPublicKeyRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.PublicKey, error) {
+	return m.getPublicKey(ctx, req, opts...)
+}
+
+func (m *MockClient) AsymmetricSign(ctx context.Context, req *kmspb.AsymmetricSignRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.AsymmetricSignResponse, error) {
+	return m.asymmetricSign(ctx, req, opts...)
+}
+
+func (m *MockClient) CreateCryptoKey(ctx context.Context, req *kmspb.CreateCryptoKeyRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.CryptoKey, error) {
+	return m.createCryptoKey(ctx, req, opts...)
+}
+
+func (m *MockClient) GetKeyRing(ctx context.Context, req *kmspb.GetKeyRingRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.KeyRing, error) {
+	return m.getKeyRing(ctx, req, opts...)
+}
+
+func (m *MockClient) CreateKeyRing(ctx context.Context, req *kmspb.CreateKeyRingRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.KeyRing, error) {
+	return m.createKeyRing(ctx, req, opts...)
+}
+
+func (m *MockClient) CreateCryptoKeyVersion(ctx context.Context, req *kmspb.CreateCryptoKeyVersionRequest, opts ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.CryptoKeyVersion, error) {
+	return m.createCryptoKeyVersion(ctx, req, opts...)
+}

kms/cloudkms/signer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+package cloudkms
+
+import (
+	"crypto"
+	"io"
+
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/smallstep/cli/crypto/pemutil"
+	kmspb "google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/cloud/kms/v1"
+)
+
+// Signer implements a crypto.Signer using Google's Cloud KMS.
+type Signer struct {
+	client     KeyManagementClient
+	signingKey string
+}
+
+func NewSigner(c KeyManagementClient, signingKey string) *Signer {
+	return &Signer{
+		client:     c,
+		signingKey: signingKey,
+	}
+}
+
+// Public returns the public key of this signer or an error.
+func (s *Signer) Public() crypto.PublicKey {
+	ctx, cancel := defaultContext()
+	defer cancel()
+
+	response, err := s.client.GetPublicKey(ctx, &kmspb.GetPublicKeyRequest{
+		Name: s.signingKey,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "cloudKMS GetPublicKey failed")
+	}
+
+	pk, err := pemutil.ParseKey([]byte(response.Pem))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return pk
+}
+
+// Sign signs digest with the private key stored in Google's Cloud KMS.
+func (s *Signer) Sign(rand io.Reader, digest []byte, opts crypto.SignerOpts) ([]byte, error) {
+	req := &kmspb.AsymmetricSignRequest{
+		Name:   s.signingKey,
+		Digest: &kmspb.Digest{},
+	}
+
+	switch h := opts.HashFunc(); h {
+	case crypto.SHA256:
+		req.Digest.Digest = &kmspb.Digest_Sha256{
+			Sha256: digest,
+		}
+	case crypto.SHA384:
+		req.Digest.Digest = &kmspb.Digest_Sha384{
+			Sha384: digest,
+		}
+	case crypto.SHA512:
+		req.Digest.Digest = &kmspb.Digest_Sha512{
+			Sha512: digest,
+		}
+	default:
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("unsupported hash function %v", h)
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := defaultContext()
+	defer cancel()
+
+	response, err := s.client.AsymmetricSign(ctx, req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "cloudKMS AsymmetricSign failed")
+	}
+
+	return response.Signature, nil
+}

kms/cloudkms/signer_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+package cloudkms
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+
+	gax "github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2"
+	"github.com/smallstep/cli/crypto/pemutil"
+	kmspb "google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/cloud/kms/v1"
+)
+
+func Test_newSigner(t *testing.T) {
+	type args struct {
+		c          KeyManagementClient
+		signingKey string
+	}
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		args args
+		want *Signer
+	}{
+		{"ok", args{&MockClient{}, "signingKey"}, &Signer{client: &MockClient{}, signingKey: "signingKey"}},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := NewSigner(tt.args.c, tt.args.signingKey); !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("newSigner() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_signer_Public(t *testing.T) {
+	keyName := "projects/p/locations/l/keyRings/k/cryptoKeys/c/cryptoKeyVersions/1"
+	testError := fmt.Errorf("an error")
+
+	pemBytes, err := ioutil.ReadFile("testdata/pub.pem")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	pk, err := pemutil.ParseKey(pemBytes)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	type fields struct {
+		client     KeyManagementClient
+		signingKey string
+	}
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		fields  fields
+		want    crypto.PublicKey
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{"ok", fields{&MockClient{
+			getPublicKey: func(_ context.Context, _ *kmspb.GetPublicKeyRequest, _ ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.PublicKey, error) {
+				return &kmspb.PublicKey{Pem: string(pemBytes)}, nil
+			},
+		}, keyName}, pk, false},
+		{"fail get public key", fields{&MockClient{
+			getPublicKey: func(_ context.Context, _ *kmspb.GetPublicKeyRequest, _ ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.PublicKey, error) {
+				return nil, testError
+			},
+		}, keyName}, nil, true},
+		{"fail parse pem", fields{
+			&MockClient{
+				getPublicKey: func(_ context.Context, _ *kmspb.GetPublicKeyRequest, _ ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.PublicKey, error) {
+					return &kmspb.PublicKey{Pem: string("bad pem")}, nil
+				},
+			}, keyName}, nil, true},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			s := &Signer{
+				client:     tt.fields.client,
+				signingKey: tt.fields.signingKey,
+			}
+			got := s.Public()
+			if _, ok := got.(error); ok != tt.wantErr {
+				t.Errorf("signer.Public() error = %v, wantErr %v", got, tt.wantErr)
+				return
+			}
+			if !tt.wantErr && !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("signer.Public() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_signer_Sign(t *testing.T) {
+	keyName := "projects/p/locations/l/keyRings/k/cryptoKeys/c/cryptoKeyVersions/1"
+	okClient := &MockClient{
+		asymmetricSign: func(_ context.Context, _ *kmspb.AsymmetricSignRequest, _ ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.AsymmetricSignResponse, error) {
+			return &kmspb.AsymmetricSignResponse{Signature: []byte("ok signature")}, nil
+		},
+	}
+	failClient := &MockClient{
+		asymmetricSign: func(_ context.Context, _ *kmspb.AsymmetricSignRequest, _ ...gax.CallOption) (*kmspb.AsymmetricSignResponse, error) {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("an error")
+		},
+	}
+
+	type fields struct {
+		client     KeyManagementClient
+		signingKey string
+	}
+	type args struct {
+		rand   io.Reader
+		digest []byte
+		opts   crypto.SignerOpts
+	}
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		fields  fields
+		args    args
+		want    []byte
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{"ok sha256", fields{okClient, keyName}, args{rand.Reader, []byte("digest"), crypto.SHA256}, []byte("ok signature"), false},
+		{"ok sha384", fields{okClient, keyName}, args{rand.Reader, []byte("digest"), crypto.SHA384}, []byte("ok signature"), false},
+		{"ok sha512", fields{okClient, keyName}, args{rand.Reader, []byte("digest"), crypto.SHA512}, []byte("ok signature"), false},
+		{"fail MD5", fields{okClient, keyName}, args{rand.Reader, []byte("digest"), crypto.MD5}, nil, true},
+		{"fail asymmetric sign", fields{failClient, keyName}, args{rand.Reader, []byte("digest"), crypto.SHA256}, nil, true},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			s := &Signer{
+				client:     tt.fields.client,
+				signingKey: tt.fields.signingKey,
+			}
+			got, err := s.Sign(tt.args.rand, tt.args.digest, tt.args.opts)
+			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
+				t.Errorf("signer.Sign() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantErr)
+				return
+			}
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("signer.Sign() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

kms/cloudkms/testdata/pub.pem

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
+MFkwEwYHKoZIzj0CAQYIKoZIzj0DAQcDQgAE5VPD/W5RXn0lrs2MdoNteTSZ+sh1
+veT13hakPZF9YzaNVZgujqK3d1nt+4jPECU+ED/WQ1GgFZiVGUo3flvB/w==
+-----END PUBLIC KEY-----

kms/kms.go

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package kms
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/kms/apiv1"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/kms/cloudkms"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/kms/softkms"
+)
+
+// KeyManager is the interface implemented by all the KMS.
+type KeyManager interface {
+	GetPublicKey(req *apiv1.GetPublicKeyRequest) (crypto.PublicKey, error)
+	CreateKey(req *apiv1.CreateKeyRequest) (*apiv1.CreateKeyResponse, error)
+	CreateSigner(req *apiv1.CreateSignerRequest) (crypto.Signer, error)
+	Close() error
+}
+
+// New initializes a new KMS from the given type.
+func New(ctx context.Context, opts apiv1.Options) (KeyManager, error) {
+	if err := opts.Validate(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	switch apiv1.Type(strings.ToLower(opts.Type)) {
+	case apiv1.DefaultKMS, apiv1.SoftKMS:
+		return softkms.New(ctx, opts)
+	case apiv1.CloudKMS:
+		return cloudkms.New(ctx, opts)
+	default:
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("unsupported kms type '%s'", opts.Type)
+	}
+}

kms/kms_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package kms
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/kms/apiv1"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/kms/cloudkms"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/kms/softkms"
+)
+
+func TestNew(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	type args struct {
+		ctx  context.Context
+		opts apiv1.Options
+	}
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		skipOnCI bool
+		args     args
+		want     KeyManager
+		wantErr  bool
+	}{
+		{"softkms", false, args{ctx, apiv1.Options{Type: "softkms"}}, &softkms.SoftKMS{}, false},
+		{"default", false, args{ctx, apiv1.Options{}}, &softkms.SoftKMS{}, false},
+		{"cloudkms", true, args{ctx, apiv1.Options{Type: "cloudkms"}}, &cloudkms.CloudKMS{}, true}, // fails because not credentials
+		{"awskms", false, args{ctx, apiv1.Options{Type: "awskms"}}, nil, true},                     // not yet supported
+		{"pkcs11", false, args{ctx, apiv1.Options{Type: "pkcs11"}}, nil, true},                     // not yet supported
+		{"fail validation", false, args{ctx, apiv1.Options{Type: "foobar"}}, nil, true},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if tt.skipOnCI && os.Getenv("CI") == "true" {
+				t.SkipNow()
+			}
+
+			got, err := New(tt.args.ctx, tt.args.opts)
+			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
+				t.Errorf("New() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantErr)
+				return
+			}
+			if reflect.TypeOf(got) != reflect.TypeOf(tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("New() = %T, want %T", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

kms/softkms/softkms.go

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+package softkms
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto"
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"crypto/ed25519"
+	"crypto/rsa"
+	"crypto/x509"
+
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/kms/apiv1"
+	"github.com/smallstep/cli/crypto/keys"
+	"github.com/smallstep/cli/crypto/pemutil"
+)
+
+type algorithmAttributes struct {
+	Type  string
+	Curve string
+}
+
+// DefaultRSAKeySize is the default size for RSA keys.
+const DefaultRSAKeySize = 3072
+
+var signatureAlgorithmMapping = map[apiv1.SignatureAlgorithm]algorithmAttributes{
+	apiv1.UnspecifiedSignAlgorithm: {"EC", "P-256"},
+	apiv1.SHA256WithRSA:            {"RSA", ""},
+	apiv1.SHA384WithRSA:            {"RSA", ""},
+	apiv1.SHA512WithRSA:            {"RSA", ""},
+	apiv1.SHA256WithRSAPSS:         {"RSA", ""},
+	apiv1.SHA384WithRSAPSS:         {"RSA", ""},
+	apiv1.SHA512WithRSAPSS:         {"RSA", ""},
+	apiv1.ECDSAWithSHA256:          {"EC", "P-256"},
+	apiv1.ECDSAWithSHA384:          {"EC", "P-384"},
+	apiv1.ECDSAWithSHA512:          {"EC", "P-521"},
+	apiv1.PureEd25519:              {"OKP", "Ed25519"},
+}
+
+// generateKey is used for testing purposes.
+var generateKey = func(kty, crv string, size int) (interface{}, interface{}, error) {
+	if kty == "RSA" && size == 0 {
+		size = DefaultRSAKeySize
+	}
+	return keys.GenerateKeyPair(kty, crv, size)
+}
+
+// SoftKMS is a key manager that uses keys stored in disk.
+type SoftKMS struct{}
+
+// New returns a new SoftKMS.
+func New(ctx context.Context, opts apiv1.Options) (*SoftKMS, error) {
+	return &SoftKMS{}, nil
+}
+
+// Close is a noop that just returns nil.
+func (k *SoftKMS) Close() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+// CreateSigner returns a new signer configured with the given signing key.
+func (k *SoftKMS) CreateSigner(req *apiv1.CreateSignerRequest) (crypto.Signer, error) {
+	var opts []pemutil.Options
+	if req.Password != nil {
+		opts = append(opts, pemutil.WithPassword(req.Password))
+	}
+
+	switch {
+	case req.Signer != nil:
+		return req.Signer, nil
+	case len(req.SigningKeyPEM) != 0:
+		v, err := pemutil.ParseKey(req.SigningKeyPEM, opts...)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		sig, ok := v.(crypto.Signer)
+		if !ok {
+			return nil, errors.New("signingKeyPEM is not a crypto.Signer")
+		}
+		return sig, nil
+	case req.SigningKey != "":
+		v, err := pemutil.Read(req.SigningKey, opts...)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		sig, ok := v.(crypto.Signer)
+		if !ok {
+			return nil, errors.New("signingKey is not a crypto.Signer")
+		}
+		return sig, nil
+	default:
+		return nil, errors.New("failed to load softKMS: please define signingKeyPEM or signingKey")
+	}
+}
+
+func (k *SoftKMS) CreateKey(req *apiv1.CreateKeyRequest) (*apiv1.CreateKeyResponse, error) {
+	v, ok := signatureAlgorithmMapping[req.SignatureAlgorithm]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("softKMS does not support signature algorithm '%s'", req.SignatureAlgorithm)
+	}
+
+	pub, priv, err := generateKey(v.Type, v.Curve, req.Bits)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	signer, ok := priv.(crypto.Signer)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("softKMS createKey result is not a crypto.Signer: type %T", priv)
+	}
+
+	return &apiv1.CreateKeyResponse{
+		Name:       req.Name,
+		PublicKey:  pub,
+		PrivateKey: priv,
+		CreateSignerRequest: apiv1.CreateSignerRequest{
+			Signer: signer,
+		},
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (k *SoftKMS) GetPublicKey(req *apiv1.GetPublicKeyRequest) (crypto.PublicKey, error) {
+	v, err := pemutil.Read(req.Name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	switch vv := v.(type) {
+	case *x509.Certificate:
+		return vv.PublicKey, nil
+	case *rsa.PublicKey, *ecdsa.PublicKey, ed25519.PublicKey:
+		return vv, nil
+	default:
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("unsupported public key type %T", v)
+	}
+}

kms/softkms/softkms_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+package softkms
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto"
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"crypto/ed25519"
+	"crypto/elliptic"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/rsa"
+	"crypto/x509"
+	"encoding/pem"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/smallstep/certificates/kms/apiv1"
+	"github.com/smallstep/cli/crypto/pemutil"
+)
+
+func TestNew(t *testing.T) {
+	type args struct {
+		ctx  context.Context
+		opts apiv1.Options
+	}
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		args    args
+		want    *SoftKMS
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{"ok", args{context.Background(), apiv1.Options{}}, &SoftKMS{}, false},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, err := New(tt.args.ctx, tt.args.opts)
+			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
+				t.Errorf("New() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantErr)
+				return
+			}
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("New() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSoftKMS_Close(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{"ok", false},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			k := &SoftKMS{}
+			if err := k.Close(); (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
+				t.Errorf("SoftKMS.Close() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantErr)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSoftKMS_CreateSigner(t *testing.T) {
+	pk, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	pemBlock, err := pemutil.Serialize(pk)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	pemBlockPassword, err := pemutil.Serialize(pk, pemutil.WithPassword([]byte("pass")))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// Read and decode file using standard packages
+	b, err := ioutil.ReadFile("testdata/priv.pem")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	block, _ := pem.Decode(b)
+	block.Bytes, err = x509.DecryptPEMBlock(block, []byte("pass"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	pk2, err := x509.ParseECPrivateKey(block.Bytes)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// Create a public PEM
+	b, err = x509.MarshalPKIXPublicKey(pk.Public())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	pub := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{
+		Type:  "PUBLIC KEY",
+		Bytes: b,
+	})
+
+	type args struct {
+		req *apiv1.CreateSignerRequest
+	}
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		args    args
+		want    crypto.Signer
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{"signer", args{&apiv1.CreateSignerRequest{Signer: pk}}, pk, false},
+		{"pem", args{&apiv1.CreateSignerRequest{SigningKeyPEM: pem.EncodeToMemory(pemBlock)}}, pk, false},
+		{"pem password", args{&apiv1.CreateSignerRequest{SigningKeyPEM: pem.EncodeToMemory(pemBlockPassword), Password: []byte("pass")}}, pk, false},
+		{"file", args{&apiv1.CreateSignerRequest{SigningKey: "testdata/priv.pem", Password: []byte("pass")}}, pk2, false},
+		{"fail", args{&apiv1.CreateSignerRequest{}}, nil, true},
+		{"fail bad pem", args{&apiv1.CreateSignerRequest{SigningKeyPEM: []byte("bad pem")}}, nil, true},
+		{"fail bad password", args{&apiv1.CreateSignerRequest{SigningKey: "testdata/priv.pem", Password: []byte("bad-pass")}}, nil, true},
+		{"fail not a signer", args{&apiv1.CreateSignerRequest{SigningKeyPEM: pub}}, nil, true},
+		{"fail not a signer from file", args{&apiv1.CreateSignerRequest{SigningKey: "testdata/pub.pem"}}, nil, true},
+		{"fail missing", args{&apiv1.CreateSignerRequest{SigningKey: "testdata/missing"}}, nil, true},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			k := &SoftKMS{}
+			got, err := k.CreateSigner(tt.args.req)
+			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
+				t.Errorf("SoftKMS.CreateSigner() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantErr)
+				return
+			}
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("SoftKMS.CreateSigner() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func restoreGenerateKey() func() {
+	oldGenerateKey := generateKey
+	return func() {
+		generateKey = oldGenerateKey
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSoftKMS_CreateKey(t *testing.T) {
+	fn := restoreGenerateKey()
+	defer fn()
+
+	p256, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	rsa2048, err := rsa.GenerateKey(rand.Reader, 2048)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	edpub, edpriv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	type args struct {
+		req *apiv1.CreateKeyRequest
+	}
+	type params struct {
+		kty  string
+		crv  string
+		size int
+	}
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		args        args
+		generateKey func() (interface{}, interface{}, error)
+		want        *apiv1.CreateKeyResponse
+		wantParams  params
+		wantErr     bool
+	}{
+		{"p256", args{&apiv1.CreateKeyRequest{Name: "p256", SignatureAlgorithm: apiv1.ECDSAWithSHA256}}, func() (interface{}, interface{}, error) {
+			return p256.Public(), p256, nil
+		}, &apiv1.CreateKeyResponse{Name: "p256", PublicKey: p256.Public(), PrivateKey: p256, CreateSignerRequest: apiv1.CreateSignerRequest{Signer: p256}}, params{"EC", "P-256", 0}, false},
+		{"rsa", args{&apiv1.CreateKeyRequest{Name: "rsa3072", SignatureAlgorithm: apiv1.SHA256WithRSA}}, func() (interface{}, interface{}, error) {
+			return rsa2048.Public(), rsa2048, nil
+		}, &apiv1.CreateKeyResponse{Name: "rsa3072", PublicKey: rsa2048.Public(), PrivateKey: rsa2048, CreateSignerRequest: apiv1.CreateSignerRequest{Signer: rsa2048}}, params{"RSA", "", 0}, false},
+		{"rsa2048", args{&apiv1.CreateKeyRequest{Name: "rsa2048", SignatureAlgorithm: apiv1.SHA256WithRSA, Bits: 2048}}, func() (interface{}, interface{}, error) {
+			return rsa2048.Public(), rsa2048, nil
+		}, &apiv1.CreateKeyResponse{Name: "rsa2048", PublicKey: rsa2048.Public(), PrivateKey: rsa2048, CreateSignerRequest: apiv1.CreateSignerRequest{Signer: rsa2048}}, params{"RSA", "", 2048}, false},
+		{"rsaPSS2048", args{&apiv1.CreateKeyRequest{Name: "rsa2048", SignatureAlgorithm: apiv1.SHA256WithRSAPSS, Bits: 2048}}, func() (interface{}, interface{}, error) {
+			return rsa2048.Public(), rsa2048, nil
+		}, &apiv1.CreateKeyResponse{Name: "rsa2048", PublicKey: rsa2048.Public(), PrivateKey: rsa2048, CreateSignerRequest: apiv1.CreateSignerRequest{Signer: rsa2048}}, params{"RSA", "", 2048}, false},
+		{"ed25519", args{&apiv1.CreateKeyRequest{Name: "ed25519", SignatureAlgorithm: apiv1.PureEd25519}}, func() (interface{}, interface{}, error) {
+			return edpub, edpriv, nil
+		}, &apiv1.CreateKeyResponse{Name: "ed25519", PublicKey: edpub, PrivateKey: edpriv, CreateSignerRequest: apiv1.CreateSignerRequest{Signer: edpriv}}, params{"OKP", "Ed25519", 0}, false},
+		{"default", args{&apiv1.CreateKeyRequest{Name: "default"}}, func() (interface{}, interface{}, error) {
+			return p256.Public(), p256, nil
+		}, &apiv1.CreateKeyResponse{Name: "default", PublicKey: p256.Public(), PrivateKey: p256, CreateSignerRequest: apiv1.CreateSignerRequest{Signer: p256}}, params{"EC", "P-256", 0}, false},
+		{"fail algorithm", args{&apiv1.CreateKeyRequest{Name: "fail", SignatureAlgorithm: apiv1.SignatureAlgorithm(100)}}, func() (interface{}, interface{}, error) {
+			return p256.Public(), p256, nil
+		}, nil, params{}, true},
+		{"fail generate key", args{&apiv1.CreateKeyRequest{Name: "fail", SignatureAlgorithm: apiv1.ECDSAWithSHA256}}, func() (interface{}, interface{}, error) {
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("an error")
+		}, nil, params{"EC", "P-256", 0}, true},
+		{"fail no signer", args{&apiv1.CreateKeyRequest{Name: "fail", SignatureAlgorithm: apiv1.ECDSAWithSHA256}}, func() (interface{}, interface{}, error) {
+			return 1, 2, nil
+		}, nil, params{"EC", "P-256", 0}, true},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			k := &SoftKMS{}
+			generateKey = func(kty, crv string, size int) (interface{}, interface{}, error) {
+				if tt.wantParams.kty != kty {
+					t.Errorf("GenerateKey() kty = %s, want %s", kty, tt.wantParams.kty)
+				}
+				if tt.wantParams.crv != crv {
+					t.Errorf("GenerateKey() crv = %s, want %s", crv, tt.wantParams.crv)
+				}
+				if tt.wantParams.size != size {
+					t.Errorf("GenerateKey() size = %d, want %d", size, tt.wantParams.size)
+				}
+				return tt.generateKey()
+			}
+
+			got, err := k.CreateKey(tt.args.req)
+			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
+				t.Errorf("SoftKMS.CreateKey() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantErr)
+				return
+			}
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("SoftKMS.CreateKey() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSoftKMS_GetPublicKey(t *testing.T) {
+	b, err := ioutil.ReadFile("testdata/pub.pem")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	block, _ := pem.Decode(b)
+	pub, err := x509.ParsePKIXPublicKey(block.Bytes)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	type args struct {
+		req *apiv1.GetPublicKeyRequest
+	}
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		args    args
+		want    crypto.PublicKey
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{"key", args{&apiv1.GetPublicKeyRequest{Name: "testdata/pub.pem"}}, pub, false},
+		{"cert", args{&apiv1.GetPublicKeyRequest{Name: "testdata/cert.crt"}}, pub, false},
+		{"fail not exists", args{&apiv1.GetPublicKeyRequest{Name: "testdata/missing"}}, nil, true},
+		{"fail type", args{&apiv1.GetPublicKeyRequest{Name: "testdata/cert.key"}}, nil, true},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			k := &SoftKMS{}
+			got, err := k.GetPublicKey(tt.args.req)
+			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
+				t.Errorf("SoftKMS.GetPublicKey() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantErr)
+				return
+			}
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("SoftKMS.GetPublicKey() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_generateKey(t *testing.T) {
+	type args struct {
+		kty  string
+		crv  string
+		size int
+	}
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		args      args
+		wantType  interface{}
+		wantType1 interface{}
+		wantErr   bool
+	}{
+		{"rsa2048", args{"RSA", "", 0}, &rsa.PublicKey{}, &rsa.PrivateKey{}, false},
+		{"rsa2048", args{"RSA", "", 2048}, &rsa.PublicKey{}, &rsa.PrivateKey{}, false},
+		{"p256", args{"EC", "P-256", 0}, &ecdsa.PublicKey{}, &ecdsa.PrivateKey{}, false},
+		{"ed25519", args{"OKP", "Ed25519", 0}, ed25519.PublicKey{}, ed25519.PrivateKey{}, false},
+		{"fail kty", args{"FOO", "", 0}, nil, nil, true},
+		{"fail crv", args{"EC", "P-123", 0}, nil, nil, true},
+		{"fail size", args{"RSA", "", 1}, nil, nil, true},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, got1, err := generateKey(tt.args.kty, tt.args.crv, tt.args.size)
+			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
+				t.Errorf("generateKey() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantErr)
+				return
+			}
+			if reflect.TypeOf(got) != reflect.TypeOf(tt.wantType) {
+				t.Errorf("generateKey() got = %T, want %T", got, tt.wantType)
+			}
+			if reflect.TypeOf(got1) != reflect.TypeOf(tt.wantType1) {
+				t.Errorf("generateKey() got1 = %T, want %T", got1, tt.wantType1)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

kms/softkms/testdata/cert.crt

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----

kms/softkms/testdata/cert.key

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+-----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----
+MHcCAQEEICB6lIrMa9fVQJtdAYS4qmdYQ1BHJsEQDx8zxL38gA8toAoGCCqGSM49
+AwEHoUQDQgAE5VPD/W5RXn0lrs2MdoNteTSZ+sh1veT13hakPZF9YzaNVZgujqK3
+d1nt+4jPECU+ED/WQ1GgFZiVGUo3flvB/w==
+-----END EC PRIVATE KEY-----

kms/softkms/testdata/priv.pem

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+-----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----
+Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
+DEK-Info: AES-256-CBC,1fcec5dfbf3327f61bfe5ab6ae8a0626
+
+V39b/pNHMbP80TXSHLsUY6UOTCzf3KwIxvj1e7S9brNMJJc9b3UiloMBJIYBkl00
+NKI8JU4jSlcerR58DqsTHIELiX6a+RJLe3/iR2/5Gru+CmmWJ68jQu872WCgh6Ms
+o8TzhyGx74ETmdKn5CdtylsnKMa9heW3tBLFAbNCgKc=
+-----END EC PRIVATE KEY-----

kms/softkms/testdata/pub.pem

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
+MFkwEwYHKoZIzj0CAQYIKoZIzj0DAQcDQgAE5VPD/W5RXn0lrs2MdoNteTSZ+sh1
+veT13hakPZF9YzaNVZgujqK3d1nt+4jPECU+ED/WQ1GgFZiVGUo3flvB/w==
+-----END PUBLIC KEY-----