neo-go/docs/cli.md

NeoGo CLI interface

NeoGo CLI provides all functionality from one binary, so it's used to run node, create/compile/deploy/invoke/debug smart contracts, run vm and operate with the wallet. The standard setup assumes that you're running a node as a separate process and it doesn't provide any CLI of its own, instead it just makes RPC interface available for you. To perform any actions you invoke NeoGo as a client that connects to this RPC node and does things you want it to do (like transferring some NEP-17 asset).

All CLI commands have corresponding help messages, use --help option to get them, for example:

./bin/neo-go db --help

Running node

Use node command to run a NeoGo node, it will be configured using a YAML file that contains network parameters as well as node settings.

Configuration

All config files are located in ./config and they are differentiated according to the network type:

• protocol.mainnet.yml belongs to --mainnet network mode (-m short option)
• protocol.privnet.yml belongs to --privnet network mode (-p short option) and is used by default
• protocol.testnet.yml belongs to --testnet network mode (-t short option)
• protocol.unit_testnet.yml is used by unit tests

If you want to use some non-default configuration directory path, specify --config-path flag:

./bin/neo-go node --config-path /user/yourConfigPath

The file loaded is chosen automatically depending on network mode flag.

Each config file contains two sections. ApplicationConfiguration describes node-related settings and ProtocolConfiguration contains protocol-related settings. See the Application Configuration and Protocol Configuration sections for details on configurable values.

Application Configuration

ApplicationConfiguration section of yaml node configuration file contains node-related settings described in the table below.

Section	Type	Default value	Description
Address	string	127.0.0.1	Node address that P2P protocol handler binds to.
AnnouncedPort	uint16	Same as the NodePort	Node port which should be used to announce node's port on P2P layer, can differ from NodePort node is bound to (for example, if your node is behind NAT).
AttemptConnPeers	int	20	Number of connection to try to establish when the connection count drops below the MinPeers value.
DBConfiguration	DB Configuration		Describes configuration for database. See the DB Configuration section for details.
DialTimeout	int64	0	Maximum duration a single dial may take in seconds.
ExtensiblePoolSize	int	20	Maximum amount of the extensible payloads from a single sender stored in a local pool.
LogPath	string	"", so only console logging	File path where to store node logs.
MaxPeers	int	100	Maximum numbers of peers that can be connected to the server.
MinPeers	int	5	Minimum number of peers for normal operation, when the node has less than this number of peers it tries to connect with some new ones.
NodePort	uint16	0, which is any free port	The actual node port it is bound to.
Oracle	Oracle Configuration		Oracle module configuration. See the Oracle Configuration section for details.
P2PNotary	P2P Notary Configuration		P2P Notary module configuration. See the P2P Notary Configuration section for details.
PingInterval	int64	30	Interval in seconds used in pinging mechanism for syncing blocks.
PingTimeout	int64	90	Time to wait for pong (response for sent ping request).
Pprof	Metrics Services Configuration		Configuration for pprof service (profiling statistics gathering). See the Metrics Services Configuration section for details.
Prometheus	Metrics Services Configuration		Configuration for Prometheus (monitoring system). See the Metrics Services Configuration section for details
ProtoTickInterval	int64	5	Duration in seconds between protocol ticks with each connected peer.
Relay	bool	true	Determines whether the server is forwarding its inventory.
RPC	RPC Configuration		Describes RPC subsystem configuration. See the RPC Configuration for details.
StateRoot	State Root Configuration		State root module configuration. See the State Root Configuration section for details.
UnlockWallet	Unlock Wallet Configuration		Node wallet configuration used for consensus (dBFT) operation. See the Unlock Wallet Configuration section for details.

DB Configuration

DBConfiguration section describes configuration for node database and has the following format:

DBConfiguration:
  Type: leveldb
  LevelDBOptions:
    DataDirectoryPath: /chains/privnet
  RedisDBOptions:
    Addr: localhost:6379
    Password: ""
    DB: 0
  BoltDBOptions:
    FilePath: ./chains/privnet.bolt
  BadgerDBOptions:
    BadgerDir: ./chains/privnet.badger

where:

• Type is the database type (string value). Supported types: levelDB, redisDB, boltDB, badgerDB.
• LevelDBOptions are settings for LevelDB.
• RedisDBOptions are options for RedisDB.
• BoltDBOptions configures BoltDB.
• BadgerDBOptions are options for BadgerDB.

Only options for the specified database type will be used.

Oracle Configuration

Oracle configuration section describes configuration for Oracle node module and has the following structure:

Oracle:
  Enabled: false
  AllowPrivateHost: false
  MaxTaskTimeout: 3600s
  MaxConcurrentRequests: 10
  Nodes: ["172.200.0.1:30333", "172.200.0.2:30334"]
  NeoFS:
    Nodes: ["172.200.0.1:30335", "172.200.0.2:30336"]
    Timeout: 2
  RefreshInterval: 180s
  RequestTimeout: 5s
  ResponseTimeout: 5s
  UnlockWallet:
    Path: "./oracle_wallet.json"
    Password: "pass"

Please, refer to the Oracle module documentation for details on configurable values.

P2P Notary Configuration

P2PNotary configuration section describes configuration for P2P Notary node module and has the following structure:

P2PNotary:
  Enabled: false
  UnlockWallet:
    Path: "/notary_wallet.json"
    Password: "pass"

where:

• Enabled denotes whether P2P Notary module is active.
• UnlockWallet is a Notary node wallet configuration, see the Unlock Wallet Configuration section for structure details.

Metrics Services Configuration

Metrics services configuration describes options for metrics services (pprof, Prometheus) and has the following structure:

Pprof:
  Enabled: false
  Address: ""
  Port: "30001"
Prometheus:
  Enabled: false
  Address: ""
  Port: "40001"

where:

• Enabled denotes whether the service is enabled.
• Address is a service address to be running at.
• Port is a service port to be bound to.

RPC Configuration

RPC configuration section describes settings for the RPC server and has the following structure:

RPC:
  Enabled: true
  Address: ""
  EnableCORSWorkaround: false
  MaxGasInvoke: 50
  Port: 10332
  TLSConfig:
    Address: ""
    CertFile: serv.crt
    Enabled: true
    Port: 10331
    KeyFile: serv.key

where:

• Enabled denotes whether RPC server should be started.
• Address is an RPC server address to be running at.
• EnableCORSWorkaround enables Cross-Origin Resource Sharing and is useful if you're accessing RPC interface from the browser.
• MaxGasInvoke is the maximum GAS allowed to spend during invokefunction and invokescript RPC-calls.
• Port is an RPC server port it should be bound to.
• TLS section configures TLS protocol.

State Root Configuration

StateRoot configuration section contains settings for state roots exchange and has the following structure:

StateRoot:
  Enabled: false
  UnlockWallet:
    Path: "./wallet.json"
    Password: "pass"

where:

• Enabled enables state root module.
• UnlockWallet contains wallet settings, see Unlock Wallet Configuration section for structure details.

Unlock Wallet Configuration

UnlockWallet configuration section contains wallet settings and has the following structure:

UnlockWallet:
  Path: "./wallet.json"
  Password: "pass"

where:

• Path is a path to wallet.
• Password is a wallet password.

Protocol configuration

ProtocolConfiguration section of yaml node configuration file contains protocol-related settings described in the table below.

Section	Type	Default value	Description	Notes
KeepOnlyLatestState	bool	false	Specifies if MPT should only store latest state. If true, DB size will be smaller, but older roots won't be accessible. This value should remain the same for the same database.
Magic	uint32	0	Magic number which uniquely identifies NEO network.
MaxBlockSize	uint32	262144	Maximum block size in bytes.
MaxBlockSystemFee	int64	900000000000	Maximum overall transactions system fee per block.
MaxTraceableBlocks	uint32	2102400	Length of the chain accessible to smart contracts.	RemoveUntraceableBlocks should be enabled to use this setting.
MaxTransactionsPerBlock	uint16	512	Maximum number of transactions per block.
MemPoolSize	int	50000	Size of the node's memory pool where transactions are stored before they are added to block.
NativeActivations	map[string][]uint32	ContractManagement: [0] StdLib: [0] CryptoLib: [0] LedgerContract: [0] NeoToken: [0] GasToken: [0] PolicyContract: [0] RoleManagement: [0] OracleContract: [0]	The list of histories of native contracts updates. Each list item shod be presented as a known native contract name with the corresponding list of chain's heights. The contract is not active until chain reaches the first height value specified in the list.	Notary is supported.
P2PNotaryRequestPayloadPoolSize	int	1000	Size of the node's P2P Notary request payloads memory pool where P2P Notary requests are stored before main or fallback transaction is completed and added to the chain. This option is valid only if P2PSigExtensions are enabled.	Not supported by the C# node, thus may affect heterogeneous networks functionality.
P2PSigExtensions	bool	false	Enables following additional Notary service related logic: • Transaction attributes NotValidBefore, Conflicts and NotaryAssisted • Network payload of the P2PNotaryRequest type • Native Notary contract • Notary node module	Not supported by the C# node, thus may affect heterogeneous networks functionality.
RemoveUntraceableBlocks	bool	false	Denotes whether old blocks should be removed from cache and database. If enabled, then only last MaxTraceableBlocks are stored and accessible to smart contracts.
ReservedAttributes	bool	false	Allows to have reserved attributes range for experimental or private purposes.
SaveStorageBatch	bool	false	Enables storage batch saving before every persist. It is similar to StorageDump plugin for C# node.
SecondsPerBlock	int	15	Minimal time that should pass before next block is accepted.
SeedList	[]string	[]	List of initial nodes addresses used to establish connectivity.
StandbyCommittee	[]string	[]	List of public keys of standby committee validators are chosen from.
StateRootInHeader	bool	false	Enables storing state root in block header.	Experimental protocol extension!
ValidatorsCount	int	0	Number of validators.
VerifyBlocks	bool	false	Denotes whether to verify received blocks.
VerifyTransactions	bool	false	Denotes whether to verify transactions in received blocks.

Starting a node

To start Neo node on private network use:

./bin/neo-go node

Or specify a different network with appropriate flag like this:

./bin/neo-go node --mainnet

By default the node will run in foreground using current standard output for logging.

Restarting node services

To restart some of the node services without full node restart, send the SIGHUP signal. List of the services to be restarted on SIGHUP receiving:

Service	Action
RPC server	Restarting with the old configuration and updated TLS certificates

DB import/exports

Node operates using some database as a backend to store blockchain data. NeoGo allows to dump chain into file from the database (when node is stopped) or to import blocks from file into the database (also when node is stopped). Use db command for that.

Smart contracts

Use contract command to create/compile/deploy/invoke/debug smart contracts, see compiler documentation.

Wallet operations

wallet command provides interface for all operations requiring a wallet (except contract deployment and invocations that are done via contract deploy and contract invokefunction). Wallet management (creating wallet, adding addresses/keys to it) is available there as well as wallet-related functions like NEP-17 transfers, NEO votes, multi-signature signing and other things.

Wallet management

Create wallet

Use wallet init command to create new wallet:

./bin/neo-go wallet init -w wallet.nep6

{
        "version": "3.0",
        "accounts": [],
        "scrypt": {
                "n": 16384,
                "r": 8,
                "p": 8
        },
        "extra": {
                "Tokens": null
        }
 }

wallet successfully created, file location is wallet.nep6

where "wallet.nep6" is a wallet file name. This wallet will be empty, to generate a new key pair and add an account for it use -a option:

./bin/neo-go wallet init -w wallet.nep6 -a
Enter the name of the account > Name
Enter passphrase > 
Confirm passphrase > 

{
        "version": "3.0",
        "accounts": [
                {
                        "address": "NMe64G6j6nkPZby26JAgpaCNrn1Ee4wW6E",
                        "key": "6PYL2UrC11nWFJWSLiqsPKCNm9u4zr4ttX1ZbV9f2fLDqXsePioVxEsYdg",
                        "label": "Name",
                        "contract": {
                                "script": "DCEDzs1j19gSDDsZTDsogN1Kr+FHXFfkDIUoctcwVhUlgUBBdHR2qg==",
                                "parameters": [
                                        {
                                                "name": "parameter0",
                                                "type": "Signature"
                                        }
                                ],
                                "deployed": false
                        },
                        "lock": false,
                        "isDefault": false
                }
        ],
        "scrypt": {
                "n": 16384,
                "r": 8,
                "p": 8
        },
        "extra": {
                "Tokens": null
        }
 }

wallet successfully created, file location is wallet.nep6

or use wallet create command to create new account in existing wallet:

./bin/neo-go wallet create -w wallet.nep6
Enter the name of the account > Joe Random
Enter passphrase > 
Confirm passphrase >

Convert Neo Legacy wallets to Neo N3

Use wallet convert to update addresses in NEP-6 wallets used with Neo Legacy. New wallet is specified in -o option, it will have the same keys with Neo N3 addresses.

./bin/neo-go wallet convert -w old.nep6 -o new.nep6

Check wallet contents

wallet dump can be used to see wallet contents in more user-friendly way, its output is the same NEP-6 JSON, but better formatted. You can also decrypt keys at the same time with -d option (you'll be prompted for password):

./bin/neo-go wallet dump -w wallet.nep6 -d
Enter wallet password > 

{
        "version": "3.0",
        "accounts": [
                {
                        "address": "NMe64G6j6nkPZby26JAgpaCNrn1Ee4wW6E",
                        "key": "6PYL2UrC11nWFJWSLiqsPKCNm9u4zr4ttX1ZbV9f2fLDqXsePioVxEsYdg",
                        "label": "Name",
                        "contract": {
                                "script": "DCEDzs1j19gSDDsZTDsogN1Kr+FHXFfkDIUoctcwVhUlgUBBdHR2qg==",
                                "parameters": [
                                        {
                                                "name": "parameter0",
                                                "type": "Signature"
                                        }
                                ],
                                "deployed": false
                        },
                        "lock": false,
                        "isDefault": false
                }
        ],
        "scrypt": {
                "n": 16384,
                "r": 8,
                "p": 8
        },
        "extra": {
                "Tokens": null
        }
 }

You can also get public keys for addresses stored in your wallet with wallet dump-keys command:

./bin/neo-go wallet dump-keys -w wallet.nep6
NMe64G6j6nkPZby26JAgpaCNrn1Ee4wW6E (simple signature contract):
03cecd63d7d8120c3b194c3b2880dd4aafe1475c57e40c852872d7305615258140

Private key export

wallet export allows you to export private key in NEP-2 encrypted or WIF (unencrypted) form (-d flag).

$ ./bin/neo-go wallet export -w wallet.nep6 -d NMe64G6j6nkPZby26JAgpaCNrn1Ee4wW6E
Enter password > 
KyswN8r48dhsvyQJVy97RWnZmKgYLrXv9mCL81Kb4vAagZiCsePv

Private key import

You can import NEP-2 or WIF private key along with verification contract (if it's non-standard):

./bin/neo-go wallet import --wif KwYgW8gcxj1JWJXhPSu4Fqwzfhp5Yfi42mdYmMa4XqK7NJxXUSK7 -w wallet.nep6
Provided WIF was unencrypted. Wallet can contain only encrypted keys.
Enter the name of the account > New Account
Enter passphrase > 
Confirm passphrase >

Special accounts

Multisignature accounts can be imported with wallet import-multisig, you'll need all public keys and one private key to do that. Then you could sign transactions for this multisignature account with imported key.

wallet import-deployed can be used to create wallet accounts for deployed contracts. They also can have WIF keys associated with them (in case your contract's verify method needs some signature).

Neo voting

wallet candidate provides commands to register or unregister a committee (and therefore validator) candidate key:

./bin/neo-go wallet candidate register -a NMe64G6j6nkPZby26JAgpaCNrn1Ee4wW6E -w wallet.json -r http://localhost:20332

You can also vote for candidates if you own NEO:

./bin/neo-go wallet candidate vote -a NMe64G6j6nkPZby26JAgpaCNrn1Ee4wW6E -w wallet.json -r http://localhost:20332 -c 03cecd63d7d8120c3b194c3b2880dd4aafe1475c57e40c852872d7305615258140

Querying transaction status

query tx provides convenient wrapper over RPC calls to query transaction status.

./bin/neo-go query tx --rpc-endpoint http://localhost:20332 aaf87628851e0c03ee086ff88596bc24de87082e9e5c73d75bb1c740d1d68088
Hash:			aaf87628851e0c03ee086ff88596bc24de87082e9e5c73d75bb1c740d1d68088
OnChain:		true
BlockHash:		fabcd46e93b8f4e1bc5689e3e0cc59704320494f7a0265b91ae78b4d747ee93b
Success:		true

OnChain is true if transaction was included in block and Success is true if it was executed successfully.

NEP-17 token functions

wallet nep17 contains a set of commands to use for NEP-17 tokens.

Token metadata

NEP-17 commands are designed to work with any NEP-17 tokens, but NeoGo needs some metadata for these tokens to function properly. Native NEO or GAS are known to NeoGo by default, but other tokens are not. NeoGo can get this metadata from the specified RPC server, but that's an additional request to make, so if you care about command processing delay you can import token metadata into the wallet with wallet nep17 import command. It'll be stored in the extra section of the wallet.

./bin/neo-go wallet nep17 import -w wallet.nep6 -r http://localhost:20332 -t abcdefc189f30098b0ba6a2eb90b3a925800ffff

You can later see what token data you have in your wallet with wallet nep17 info command and remove tokens you don't need with wallet nep17 remove.

Balance

Getting balance is easy:

./bin/neo-go wallet nep17 balance -w /etc/neo-go/wallet.json -r http://localhost:20332

By default you'll get data for all tokens for the default wallet's address. You can select non-default address with -a flag and/or select token with --token flag (token hash or name can be used as parameter)

Transfers

wallet nep17 transfer creates a token transfer transaction and pushes it to the RPC server (or saves to file if it needs to be signed by multiple parties). For example, transferring 100 GAS looks like this:

./bin/neo-go wallet nep17 transfer -w wallet.nep6 -r http://localhost:20332 --to NjEQfanGEXihz85eTnacQuhqhNnA6LxpLp --from NMe64G6j6nkPZby26JAgpaCNrn1Ee4wW6E --token GAS --amount 100

You can omit --from parameter (default wallet's address will be used in this case), you can add --gas for extra network fee (raising priority of your transaction). And you can save transaction to file with --out instead of sending it to the network if it needs to be signed by multiple parties.

One transfer invocation creates one transaction, but in case you need to do many transfers you can save on network fees by doing multiple token moves with one transaction by using wallet nep17 multitransfer command. It can transfer things from one account to many, its syntax differs from transfer in that you don't have --token, --to and --amount options, but instead you can specify multiple "token:addr:amount" sets after all other options. The same transfer as above can be done with multitransfer by doing this:

./bin/neo-go wallet nep17 multitransfer -w wallet.nep6 -r http://localhost:20332 --from NMe64G6j6nkPZby26JAgpaCNrn1Ee4wW6E GAS:NjEQfanGEXihz85eTnacQuhqhNnA6LxpLp:100

GAS claims

While Neo N3 doesn't have any notion of "claim transaction" and has GAS automatically distributed with every NEO transfer for NEO owners you still won't get GAS if you don't do any actions. So the old wallet claim command was updated to be an easier way to do NEO "flipping" when you send a transaction that transfers all of your NEO to yourself thereby triggering GAS distribution.

Conversion utility

NeoGo provides conversion utility command to reverse data, convert script hashes to/from address, convert data to/from hexadecimal or base64 representation. All of this is done by a single util convert command like this:

$ ./bin/neo-go util convert deee79c189f30098b0ba6a2eb90b3a9258a6c7ff
BE ScriptHash to Address        NgEisvCqr2h8wpRxQb7bVPWUZdbVCY8Uo6
LE ScriptHash to Address        NjEQfanGEXihz85eTnacQuhqhNnA6LxpLp
Hex to String                           "\xde\xeey\xc1\x89\xf3\x00\x98\xb0\xbaj.\xb9\v:\x92X\xa6\xc7\xff"
Hex to Integer                          -1256651697634605895065630637163547727407485218
Swap Endianness                         ffc7a658923a0bb92e6abab09800f389c179eede
Base64 to String                        "u\xe7\x9e\xef\xd75\xf3\xd7\xf7\xd3O|oF\xda魞o\xdd\x1bݯv\xe7ƺs\xb7\xdf"
Base64 to BigInteger            -222811771454869584930239486728381018152491835874567723544539443409000587
String to Hex                           64656565373963313839663330303938623062613661326562393062336139323538613663376666
String to Base64                        ZGVlZTc5YzE4OWYzMDA5OGIwYmE2YTJlYjkwYjNhOTI1OGE2YzdmZg==

VM CLI

There is a VM CLI that you can use to load/analyze/run/step through some code:

./bin/neo-go vm

Some basic commands available there:

• loadgo -- loads smart contract NEO-GO-VM > loadgo TestContract/main.go
• ops -- show the opcodes of currently loaded contract
• run -- executes currently loaded contract

Use help command to get more detailed information on all possibilities and particular commands. Note that this VM is completely disconnected from the blockchain, so you won't have all interop functionality available for smart contracts (use test invocations via RPC for that).