Anthony De Meulemeester 4bd5b2812e

Optimisations and API changes for smart contracts (#67 )

* support VM to pass method and arguments to a script.

* added support for type assertions in smartcontracts.

* added native vm support for print.

* moved VM API packages to vm -> API

* reverted the native Print opcode in favor of runtime.Log

* added support for registering custom interop hooks in the VM.

* Updated README

* Updated compiler with @OPTIMIZE tags

* Moved more tests to VM package.

* optimized and refactored compiler and vm API

* updated README with new smartcontract apis

* bumped version

2018-04-10 11:45:31 +02:00

4.7 KiB

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NEO-GO-VM

A cross platform virtual machine implementation for avm compatible programs.

Installation

With neo-go

Install dependencies.

neo-go uses dep as its dependency manager. After installing deps you can run:

make deps

Build the neo-go cli:

make build

Start the virtual machine:

./bin/neo-go vm

    _   ____________        __________      _    ____  ___
   / | / / ____/ __ \      / ____/ __ \    | |  / /  |/  /
  /  |/ / __/ / / / /_____/ / __/ / / /____| | / / /|_/ /
 / /|  / /___/ /_/ /_____/ /_/ / /_/ /_____/ |/ / /  / /
/_/ |_/_____/\____/      \____/\____/      |___/_/  /_/


NEO-GO-VM >

Standalone

More information about standalone installation coming soon.

Usage

    _   ____________        __________      _    ____  ___
   / | / / ____/ __ \      / ____/ __ \    | |  / /  |/  /
  /  |/ / __/ / / / /_____/ / __/ / / /____| | / / /|_/ /
 / /|  / /___/ /_/ /_____/ /_/ / /_/ /_____/ |/ / /  / /
/_/ |_/_____/\____/      \____/\____/      |___/_/  /_/


NEO-GO-VM > help

COMMAND    USAGE
astack     show alt stack details
break      place a breakpoint (> break 1)
cont       continue execution of the current loaded script
estack     show evaluation stack details
exit       exit the VM prompt
help       show available commands
ip         show the current instruction
istack     show invocation stack details
loadavm    load an avm script into the VM (> load /path/to/script.avm)
loadgo     compile and load a .go file into the VM (> load /path/to/file.go)
loadhex    load a hex string into the VM (> loadhex 006166 )
ops        show the opcodes of the current loaded program
run        execute the current loaded script
step       step (n) instruction in the program (> step 10)

Loading in your script

To load an avm script into the VM:

NEO-GO-VM > loadavm ../contract.avm
READY: loaded 36 instructions

Run the script:

NEO-GO-VM > run
[
    {
        "value": 1,
        "type": "BigInteger"
    }
]

You can also directly compile and load .go files:

NEO-GO-VM > loadgo ../contract.go
READY: loaded 36 instructions

To make it even more complete, you can directly load hex strings into the VM:

NEO-GO-VM > loadhex 54c56b006c766b00527ac46c766b00c391640b006203005a616c756662030000616c7566
READY: loaded 36 instructions
NEO-GO-VM > run
[
    {
        "value": 10,
        "type": "BigInteger"
    }
]

Running programs with arguments

You can invoke smart contracts with arguments. Take the following roll the dice smartcontract as example.

package rollthedice

import "github.com/CityOfZion/neo-go/pkg/vm/api/runtime"

func Main(method string, args []interface{}) int {
    if method == "rollDice" {
        // args parameter is always of type []interface, hence we need to 
        // cast it to an int.
        rollDice(args[0].(int))
    }
    return 0
}

func rollDice(number int) {
    if number == 0 {
        runtime.Log("you rolled 0, better luck next time!")
    }
    if number == 1 {
        runtime.Log("you rolled 1, still better then 0!")
    }
    if number == 2 {
        runtime.Log("you rolled 2, coming closer..") 
    }
    if number == 3 {
        runtime.Log("Sweet you rolled 3. This dice has only 3 sides o_O")
    }
}

To invoke this contract we need to specify both the method and the arguments.

The first parameter (called method or operation) is always of type string. Notice that arguments can have different types, to make the VM aware of the type we need to specify it when calling run:

NEO-GO-VM > run rollDice int:1

The method is always of type string, hence we don't need to specify the type.

To add more then 1 argument:

NEO-GO-VM > run someMethod int:1 int:2 string:foo string:bar

Current supported types:

int (int:1 int:100)
string (string:foo string:this is a string)

Debugging

The neo-go-vm provides a debugger to inspect your program in-depth.

Step 4 instructions.

NEO-GO-VM > step 4
at breakpoint 4 (Opush4)
NEO-GO-VM 4 >

Using just step will execute 1 instruction at a time.

NEO-GO-VM > step
instruction pointer at 5 (Odup)
NEO-GO-VM 5 >

To place breakpoints:

NEO-GO-VM > break 10
breakpoint added at instruction 10
NEO-GO-VM > cont
at breakpoint 10 (Osetitem)
NEO-GO-VM 10 > cont

Inspecting the evaluation stack:

NEO-GO-VM > estack
[
    {
        "value": [
            null,
            null,
            null,
            null,
            null,
            null,
            null
        ],
        "type": "Array"
    },
    {
        "value": 4,
        "type": "BigInteger"
    }
]

There are more stacks that you can inspect.

astack alt stack
istack invocation stack

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