forked from TrueCloudLab/distribution
223 lines
9.2 KiB
Markdown
223 lines
9.2 KiB
Markdown
<!--[metadata]>
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+++
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title = "Deploying a registry server"
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description = "Explains how to deploy a registry server"
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keywords = ["registry, service, images, repository"]
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[menu.main]
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parent="smn_registry"
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weight=3
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+++
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<![end-metadata]-->
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# Deploying a registry server
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You need to [install Docker version 1.6.0 or newer](https://docs.docker.com/installation/).
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## Running on localhost
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Start your registry:
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docker run -d -p 5000:5000 --restart=always --name registry registry:2
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You can now use it with docker.
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Get any image from the hub and tag it to point to your registry:
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docker pull ubuntu && docker tag ubuntu localhost:5000/ubuntu
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... then push it to your registry:
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docker push localhost:5000/ubuntu
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... then pull it back from your registry:
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docker pull localhost:5000/ubuntu
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To stop your registry, you would:
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docker stop registry && docker rm -v registry
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## Storage
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By default, your registry data is persisted as a [docker volume](https://docs.docker.com/userguide/dockervolumes/) on the host filesystem. Properly understanding volumes is essential if you want to stick with a local filesystem storage.
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Specifically, you might want to point your volume location to a specific place in order to more easily access your registry data. To do so you can:
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docker run -d -p 5000:5000 --restart=always --name registry \
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-v `pwd`/data:/var/lib/registry \
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registry:2
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### Alternatives
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You should usually consider using [another storage backend](https://github.com/docker/distribution/blob/master/docs/storagedrivers.md) instead of the local filesystem. Use the [storage configuration options](https://github.com/docker/distribution/blob/master/docs/configuration.md#storage) to configure an alternate storage backend.
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Using one of these will allow you to more easily scale your registry, and leverage your storage redundancy and availability features.
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## Running a domain registry
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While running on `localhost` has its uses, most people want their registry to be more widely available. To do so, the Docker engine requires you to secure it using TLS, which is conceptually very similar to configuring your web server with SSL.
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### Get a certificate
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Assuming that you own the domain `myregistrydomain.com`, and that its DNS record points to the host where you are running your registry, you first need to get a certificate from a CA.
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Move and/or rename your crt file to: `certs/domain.crt` - and your key file to: `certs/domain.key`.
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Make sure you stopped your registry from the previous steps, then start your registry again with TLS enabled:
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docker run -d -p 5000:5000 --restart=always --name registry \
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-v `pwd`/certs:/certs \
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-e REGISTRY_HTTP_TLS_CERTIFICATE=/certs/domain.crt \
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-e REGISTRY_HTTP_TLS_KEY=/certs/domain.key \
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registry:2
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You should now be able to access your registry from another docker host:
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docker pull ubuntu
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docker tag ubuntu myregistrydomain.com:5000/ubuntu
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docker push myregistrydomain.com:5000/ubuntu
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docker pull myregistrydomain.com:5000/ubuntu
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#### Gotcha
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A certificate issuer may supply you with an *intermediate* certificate. In this case, you must combine your certificate with the intermediate's to form a *certificate bundle*. You can do this using the `cat` command:
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cat server.crt intermediate-certificates.pem > certs/domain.crt
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#### Load Balancing Considerations
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One may want to use a load balancer to distribute load, terminate TLS or
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provide high availability. While a full laod balancing setup is outside the
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scope this document, there are a few considerations that can make the process
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smoother.
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The most important aspect is that a load balanced cluster of registries must
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share the same resources. For the current version of the registry, this means
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the following must be the same:
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- Storage Driver
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- HTTP Secret
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- Redis Cache (if configured)
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If any of these are different, the registry may have trouble serving requests.
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As an example, if you're using the filesystem driver, all registry instances
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must have access to the same filesystem root, which means they should be in
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the same machine. For other drivers, such as s3 or azure, they should be
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accessing the same resource, and will likely share an identical configuration.
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The _HTTP Secret_ coordinates uploads, so also must be the same across
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instances. Configuring different redis instances will mostly work (at the time
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of writing), but will not be optimal if the instances are not shared, causing
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more reqeusts to be directed to the backend.
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Getting the headers correct is very important. For all responses to any
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request under the "/v2/" url space, the `Docker-Distribution-API-Version`
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header should be set to the value "registry/2.0", even for a 4xx response.
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This header allows the docker engine to quickly resolve authentication realms
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and fallback to version 1 registries, if necessary. Confirming this is setup
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correctly can help avoid problems with fallback.
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A properly secured registry should return 401 when the "/v2/" endpoint is hit
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without credentials. The response should include a `WWW-Authenticate`
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challenge, providing guidance on how to authenticate, such as with basic auth
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or a token service. If the load balancer has health checks, it is recommended
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to configure it to consider a 401 response as healthy and any others as down.
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This will secure your registry by ensuring that configuration problems with
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authentication don't accidentally expose an unprotected registry. If you're
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using a less sophisticated load balancer, such as Amazon's Elastic Load
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Balancer, that doesn't allow one to change the healthy response code, health
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checks can be directed at "/", which will always return a `200 OK` response.
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### Alternatives
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While rarely advisable, you may want to use self-signed certificates instead, or use your registry in an insecure fashion. You will find instructions [here](insecure.md).
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## Restricting access
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Except for registries running on secure local networks, registries should always implement access restrictions.
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### Native basic auth
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The simplest way to achieve access restriction is through basic authentication (this is very similar to other web servers' basic authentication mechanism).
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:warning: You **cannot** use authentication with an insecure registry. You have to [configure TLS first](#running-a-domain-registry) for this to work.
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First create a password file with one entry for the user "testuser", with password "testpassword":
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mkdir auth
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docker run --entrypoint htpasswd registry:2 -Bbn testuser testpassword > auth/htpasswd
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Make sure you stopped your registry from the previous step, then start it again:
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docker run -d -p 5000:5000 --restart=always --name registry \
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-v `pwd`/auth:/auth \
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-e "REGISTRY_AUTH=htpasswd" \
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-e "REGISTRY_AUTH_HTPASSWD_REALM=Registry Realm" \
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-e REGISTRY_AUTH_HTPASSWD_PATH=/auth/htpasswd \
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-v `pwd`/certs:/certs \
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-e REGISTRY_HTTP_TLS_CERTIFICATE=/certs/domain.crt \
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-e REGISTRY_HTTP_TLS_KEY=/certs/domain.key \
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registry:2
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You should now be able to:
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docker login myregistrydomain.com:5000
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And then push and pull images as an authenticated user.
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### Alternatives
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1. You may want to leverage more advanced basic auth implementations through a proxy design, in front of the registry. You will find an example of such design in the [nginx proxy documentation](nginx.md).
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2. Alternatively, the Registry also supports delegated authentication, redirecting users to a specific, trusted token server. That approach requires significantly more investment, and only make sense if you want to fully configure ACLs and more control over the Registry integration into your global authorization and authentication systems.
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You will find [background information here](spec/auth/token.md), and [configuration information here](configuration.md#auth).
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Beware that you will have to implement your own authentication service for this to work.
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## Managing with Compose
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As your registry configuration grows more complex, dealing with it can quickly become tedious.
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It's highly recommended to use [Docker Compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/) to facilitate operating your registry.
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Here is a simple `docker-compose.yml` example that condenses everything explained so far:
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```
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registry:
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restart: always
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image: registry:2
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ports:
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- 5000:5000
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environment:
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REGISTRY_HTTP_TLS_CERTIFICATE: /certs/domain.crt
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REGISTRY_HTTP_TLS_KEY: /certs/domain.key
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REGISTRY_STORAGE_FILESYSTEM_ROOTDIRECTORY: /var/lib/registry
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REGISTRY_AUTH_HTPASSWD_PATH: /auth/htpasswd
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REGISTRY_AUTH_HTPASSWD_REALM: Registry Realm
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volumes:
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- /path/data:/var/lib/registry
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- /path/certs:/certs
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- /path/auth:/auth
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```
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:warning: replace `/path` by whatever directory that holds your `certs` and `auth` folder from above.
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You can then start your registry with a simple
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docker-compose up -d
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## Next
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You will find more specific and advanced informations in the following sections:
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- [Configuration reference](configuration.md)
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- [Working with notifications](notifications.md)
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- [Registry API](spec/api.md)
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- [Storage driver model](storagedrivers.md)
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<!--
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- [Glossary](glossary.md)
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### Development resources
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- [Building the registry](building.md)
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- [Architecture notes](architecture.md)
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-->
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